Evaluation of nutritional status in pediatric intensive care unit patients: the results of a multicenter, prospective study in Turkey

IntroductionMalnutrition is defined as a pathological condition arising from deficient or imbalanced intake of nutritional elements. Factors such as increasing metabolic demands during the disease course in the hospitalized patients and inadequate calorie intake increase the risk of malnutrition. The aim of the present study is to evaluate nutritional status of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Turkey, examine the effect of nutrition on the treatment process and draw attention to the need for regulating nutritional support of patients while continuing existing therapies.Material and MethodIn this prospective multicenter study, the data was collected over a period of one month from PICUs participating in the PICU Nutrition Study Group in Turkey. Anthropometric data of the patients, calorie intake, 90-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and length of stay in intensive care unit were recorded and the relationship between these parameters was examined.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the study, malnutrition was detected in 45.4% of the patients. Enteral feeding was initiated in 40.6% (n = 249) of the patients at day one upon admission to the intensive care unit. In the first 48 h, 86.82% (n = 533) of the patients achieved the target calorie intake, and 81.65% (n = 307) of the 376 patients remaining in the intensive care unit achieved the target calorie intake at the end of one week. The risk of mortality decreased with increasing upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.871/0.894; p = 0.027/0.024). The risk of mortality was 2.723 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h (p = 0.006) and the risk was 3.829 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at the end of one week (p = 0.001). The risk of mortality decreased with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.894; p = 0.024).ConclusionTimely and appropriate nutritional support in critically ill patients favorably affects the clinical course. The results of the present study suggest that mortality rate is higher in patients who fail to achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h and day seven of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score

Bazı Kozmetik Ürünlerde Ağır Metal (Pb, Cd) Tayini

Özet: İlk insandan bu yana güzel görünmek, güzel kalmak insanlar için son derece önemli olmuştur. Günümüzde de kozmetik ürünlere yoğun bir ilgi vardır. Fakat bu ilgi artışı kozmetik ürünlerin güzelleştirirken, sağlığı tehdit edip etmediği sorusunu gündeme getirmektedir. Çünkü basit bir el kremi bile çok sayıda kimyasal içermekte ve bu kadar kimyasalın bir arada kullanıldığı ürünler, kullanım miktarı ve sıklığına bağlı olarak sağlığı tehdit etme ihtimali taşımaktadır. Bu kimyasallar içerisinde ağır metaller önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç; bazı kozmetik ürünlerdeki ağır metallerin varlığının ve miktarlarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışma çerçevesinde piyasadan temin edilen farklı marka ve renklerde 10 adet saç boyası ve 10 adet ojede Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektroskopi (AAS) cihazında grafit fırın tekniği kullanılarak bazı ağır metallerin (Pb, Cd) tayini yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; incelenen saç boyası ve ojelerde Pb ve Cd bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kozmetik, ağır metal, kurşun, kadminyum, saç boyası, oje. Determination of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd) in Some Cosmetic Products Abstract: The seem beautiful, staying nice have been extremely important for the people for ages. Today demand for cosmetic products is increasing. But this interest brings up a question that cosmetics are dangerous for health or not. Because even a simple hand cream contains a large number of chemical and this products threaten the health depending on the amount and frequency of use. These chemicals have a high percentage of heavy metals. Purpose of the study, determination of heavy metals and their amounts in some cosmetics. We bought different brands and colored ten hair dyes and ten nail polishes from public market. Then we analyze some heavy metals (Pb, Cd) with Atomic Absorbsion Spektrometer (AAS). According to the results we determined lead and cadmium in these hair dyes and nail polishes. Keywords: Cosmetic, heavy metal, lead, cadmium, hair dye, nail polis

Determination of production characteristics of apple trees under different irrigation methods and regimes

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Uygulama Alanında 1997 ve 1999 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, farklı sulama yöntemi ve programlarının elma ağaçlarının verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada, deneme konularına sulama suyu yüzey ve damla sulama yöntemleri ile kullanılabilir su tutma kapasitesinin % 40 ve 70’i tüketildiğinde uygulanmıştır. Deneme süresince uygulanan sulama suyu miktarları ve ölçülen mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi değerleri damla sulama yönteminde yüzey sulama yöntemine göre ortalama olarak sırasıyla % 72.5 ve % 62.7 daha az olmuştur. Farklı konularda verim ve kalite özellikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark oluşmamasına karşın, bu bulgular sulama suyu ve ölçülen bitki su tüketimi ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; genel olarak, damla sulama yöntemi daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Sonuçta, Tekirdağ koşullarında elma ağaçlarının sulanmasında, damla sulama yönteminin kullanılması ve yöntemin esasına uygun olarak kullanılabilir su tutma kapasitesinin % 40’ı tüketildiğinde sulanmaya başlanması önerilmiştir.This study was conducted in the Application Farm of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty in the years of 1997 and 1999, to determine the effects of different irrigation methods and regimes on yield components of apple trees. Irrigation water was applied with drip and surface (ponding) irrigation methods when 40 % and 70 % of available soil moisture was consumed. As a result, it was found that applied irrigation water and measured seasonal evapotranspiration in drip irrigation plots were lower than those of surface irrigation plots as 72.5 % and 62.7 %, respectively. Although yield and quality parameters in the different treatments were not found to be significant, drip irrigation method gave better results when this results, irrigation water requirements, and evapotranspiration were evaluated together. In conclusion, it can be suggested that drip irrigation method has to be preferred for apple trees in Tekirdağ conditions and irrigation water has to be applied when 40 % of available water holding capacity was consumed.TÜAF 128 nolu Trakya Üniversitesi Araştırma Fon