Key Software Metrics and its Impact on each other for Software Development Projects

Every software development project is unique and different from repeatable manufacturing process. Each software project share different challenges related to technology, people and timelines. If every project is unique, how project manager can estimate project in a consistent way by applying his past experience. One of the major challenges faced by the project manager is to identify the key software metrics to control and monitor the project execution. Each software development project may be unique but share some common metric that can be used to control and monitor the project execution. These metrics are software size, effort, project duration and productivity. These metrics tells project manager about what to deliver (size), how it was delivered in past (productivity) and how long will it take to deliver with current team capability (time and effort). In this paper, we explain the relationship among these key metrics and how they statistically impact each other. These relationships have been derived based on the data published in book “Practical Software Estimation” by International Software Benchmarking Group. This paper also explains how these metrics can be used in predicting the total number of defects. Study suggests that out of the four key software metrics software size significantly impact the other three metrics (project effort, duration and productivity). Productivity does not significantly depend on the software size but it represents the nonlinear relationship with software size and maximum team size, hence, it is recommended not to have a very big team size as it might impact the overall productivity. Total project duration only depends on the software size and it does not depend on the maximum team size. It implies that we cannot reduce project duration by increasing the team size. This fact is contrary to the perception that we can reduce the project duration by increasing the project team size. We can conclude that software size is the important metrics and a significant effort must be put during project initiation phases to estimate the project size. As software size will help in estimating the project duration and project efforts so error in estimating the software size will have significant impact on the accuracy of project duration and effort. All these key metrics must be re-calibrated during the project development life cycle.

Fuel Your Growth with Integration: Hybrid Cloud Computing

Current IT services were built to serve a static and functionally concrete operating replica In future prospects IT needs to become much more dynamically adaptable to maintain pace with the speed of business today However when cloud is considered in the context of a hybrid model of combining both the on-premise with Internet-services then the value of the cloud in its broadest definition becomes incredibly empowering 1 2 Hybrid solutions combine the benefits of public cloud infrastructure speed and agility of development with private cloud resources security and control In this paper we have given the power of Hybrid Cloud Computin

How software size influence productivity and project duration

To make a perfect project plan, the software size of the order from the customer is the most important factor. The biggest challenge for the project manager is to estimate the project end date in the beginning of the project i.e. in project planning phase with realistic accuracy. Apart from other major inputs to estimate the project end date, expected team capability (productivity) and estimated software size are the major inputs that may influence the project end date. Software size is one of the most significant independent metric available in the planning phase and project manager has to estimate the other metrics based on the initial estimated software size. There is no direct relationship available between software size and project duration or software size and team productivity, however, there are industry data published by Quantitative Software Management and ISBSG that shows how these metrics influence each other. In this paper, using the data published by ISBSG and Quantitative Software Management, we try to statistically establish how productivity and project duration are influenced by software size. We have done linear regression analysis by generating the secondary data based on the data published by ISBSG and Quantitative Software Management. Linear regression equation validated with the actual project data and experimental results suggest that that productivity is significantly dependent on software size, however, project duration does not significantly depend on software size but may also be dependent on other metrics like team size, apart from software size

Intelligent Trust based Security Framework for Internet of Things

Trust models have recently been proposed for Internet of Things (IoT) applications as a significant system of protection against external threats. This approach to IoT risk management is viable, trustworthy, and secure. At present, the trust security mechanism for immersion applications has not been specified for IoT systems. Several unfamiliar participants or machines share their resources through distributed systems to carry out a job or provide a service. One can have access to tools, network routes, connections, power processing, and storage space. This puts users of the IoT at much greater risk of, for example, anonymity, data leakage, and other safety violations. Trust measurement for new nodes has become crucial for unknown peer threats to be mitigated. Trust must be evaluated in the application sense using acceptable metrics based on the functional properties of nodes. The multifaceted confidence parameterization cannot be clarified explicitly by current stable models. In most current models, loss of confidence is inadequately modeled. Esteem ratings are frequently mis-weighted when previous confidence is taken into account, increasing the impact of harmful recommendations.                In this manuscript, a systematic method called Relationship History along with cumulative trust value (Distributed confidence management scheme model) has been proposed to evaluate interactive peers trust worthiness in a specific context. It includes estimating confidence decline, gathering & weighing trust      parameters and calculating the cumulative trust value between nodes. Trust standards can rely on practical contextual resources, determining if a service provider is trustworthy or not and does it deliver effective service? The simulation results suggest that the proposed model outperforms other similar models in terms of security, routing and efficiency and further assesses its performance based on derived utility and trust precision, convergence, and longevity

Impact of High Glucose on Ocular Surface Glycocalyx Components: Implications for Diabetes-Associated Ocular Surface Damage

Diabetes mellitus causes several detrimental effects on the ocular surface, including compromised barrier function and an increased risk of infections. The glycocalyx plays a vital role in barrier function. The present study was designed to test the effect of a high glucose level on components of glycocalyx. Stratified human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were exposed to a high glucose concentration for 24 and 72 h. Changes in Mucin (MUC) 1, 4, 16 expression were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA. Rose bengal and jacalin staining were used to assess the spatial distribution of MUC16 and O-glycosylation. Changes in the gene expression of five glycosyltransferases and forty-two proteins involved in cell proliferation and the cell cycle were also quantified using PCR and a gene array. High glucose exposure did not affect the level or spatial distribution of membrane-tethered MUC 1, 4, and 16 either in the corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells. No change in gene expression in glycosyltransferases was observed, but a decrease in the gene expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation and the cell cycle was observed. A high-glucose-mediated decrease in gene expression of proteins involved in cellular proliferation of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells may be one of the mechanisms underlying a diabetes-associated decrease in ocular surface’s glycocalyx

Comparison Study and Review on Object-Oriented Metrics

The best elucidations to software development problems are regularly touted as object-oriented processes. The popularity of object-oriented design metrics is essential in software engineering for measuring the software complexity, estimating size, quality and project efforts. There are various approaches through which we can find the software cost estimation and predicates on various kinds of deliverable items. Object-oriented metrics assures to reduce cost and the maintenance effort by serving as early predictors to estimate software faults. Such an early quantification augments the quality of the final software. This paper reviews object-oriented metrics. A comparison table is maintained via which we can analyze the difference between all the object-oriented metrics effectively

Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Using Four Different Irrigation Techniques: An in-vitro Study

INTRODUCTION: Irrigation is the vital part of root canal debridement. Usually post biomechanical preparation, the canal walls are covered by smear layer. It is important to remove this layer before obturation for better bond between the filling and walls. Conventional needle irrigation doesn’t give us adequate cleaning, therefore, new irrigation techniques are being tried to facilitate better smear layer removal. AIM: The aim was to evaluate and compare the smear layer removal by PATS,  EndoActivator device, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and side vent needle irrigation from canal walls. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  60 extracted mandibular premolars were instrumented up to 35/.04 with Heroshaper files. Samples were divided into 4 groups randomly before final irrigation as follows: Group I (n=15): Irrigation with side vent needles (Nexus ltd.,India), Group II (n=15): Irrigation with EndoActivator (Advanced Endodontics, Santa Barbara, CA ) Group III (n=15): Irrigation with PATS ( InnovationsEndo,India), Group IV (n=15): Irrigation with ultrasonic tips (Mani inc.). Teeth were split and one-half of each tooth was chosen for SEM examination.  The images were taken at apical third and scoring was done according to criteria by Torabinejad et al in 2003. Data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by Mann–Whitney U-test for individual comparison. RESULTS: All irrigating systems remove smear layer but PUI has better cleaning ability as compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: Passive ultrasonic irrigation shows better smear layer removal as compared to other technique

Neuroadaptive incentivization in healthcare using Blockchain and IoT

Financially incentivizing health-related behaviors can improve health record outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Blockchain and IoT technologies can be used to develop safe and transparent incentive schemes in healthcare. IoT devices, such as body sensor networks and wearable sensors, etc. connect the physical and digital world making it easier to collect useful health-related data for further analysis. There are, however, many security and privacy issues with the use of IoT. Some of these IoT security issues can be alleviated using Blockchain technology. Incorporating neuroadaptive technology can result in more personalized and effective therapies using machine learning algorithms and real-time feedback. The research investigates the possibilities of neuroadaptive incentivization in healthcare using Blockchain and IoT on patient health records. The core idea is to incentivize patients to keep their health parameters within standard range thereby reducing the load on healthcare system. In summary, we have presented a proof of concept for neuroadaptive incentivization in healthcare using Blockchain and IoT and discuss various applications and implementation challenges