259 research outputs found
Analysis of the Performance of IoT Networks in Acoustic Environment by using LZW Data Compression Technique
The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced phenomenal growth, opening up a wide range of applications in many settings. Due to the properties of sound propagation, IoT networks operating in acoustic environments in particular present special difficulties. Data compression techniques can be used to minimize overhead and maximize resource utilization in these networks to increase performance. The performance of IoT networks in acoustic environments is examined in this study, with a focus on routing overhead, throughput, and typical end-to-end delay. Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) data compression is used to reduce data size and boost communication effectiveness. Three well-known protocolsβMQTT, CoAP, and Machine-to-Machine (M2M)βare assessed in relation to acoustic Internet of Things networks. To mimic different acoustic conditions and collect performance metrics, a thorough experimental setup is used. Different network topologies, data speeds, and compression settings are used in the studies to determine how they affect the performance metrics. According to the analysis's findings, all three protocols' routing overhead is greatly decreased by the LZW data compression approach, which enhances network scalability and lowers energy usage. Additionally, the compressed data size has a positive impact on network throughput, allowing for effective data transmission in acoustic contexts with limited resources. Additionally, using LZW compression is seen to minimize the average end-to-end delay, improving real-time communication applications. This study advances knowledge of IoT networks operating in acoustic environments and the effects of data reduction methods on their functionality. The results offer useful information for network engineers and system designers to optimize the performance of IoT networks in similar situations. Additionally, a comparison of the MQTT, CoAP, and M2M protocols' suitability for acoustic IoT deployments is provided, assisting in the choice of protocol for particular application needs
Isolation and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Gum as Pharmaceutical Excipient
Objective: Tamarind seed gum (TSG) is a polysaccharide having galactomannans as chemical constituents, and it is extracted from the seeds of Tamarindus indica L (Family Fabaceae). Generally, polysaccharides play most important roles as thickening, gelling, emulsifying, hydrating, and suspending agents in pharmaceutical formulations. The purpose of this work was to investigate the film coating potential of tamarind seed gum (TSG), using paracetamol as a model drug. Material and Method: Tamarind seed gum, Paracetamol tablet, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Sodium alginate, and Distilled water. Core tablets of paracetamol were obtained from a pharmacy shop in the local market and the physicochemical properties such as weight, hardness, friability, and disintegration time were evaluated. Aqueous coating solution consists of 2% TSG hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) (2% w/v), and sodium alginate (1% w/v) were prepared and used to coat the tablets by dip coating technique. The coated tablets were evaluated. Result: The coated tablets showed lower friability; increased disintegration time (14 min) as compared to the core tablet (3 min), improved hardness, and improved drug release profile. TSG film coated batches showed drug release profile up to 10 hrs and HPMC coated batches showed drug release up to 12 hrs. The results of drug release rate of TSG film is very closed to HPMC release profile. This TSG have good film formers properties. It is a promising natural, biodegradable, cheap and eco-friendly film former, particularly when masking of taste or objectionable odor in a solid dosage formulation is desired. It can be used as carrier in sustained release formulation.Conclusion: On the basis of result we can conclude that TSG has promising properties as pharmaceutical excipient. It could be used in the formulation of sustained release matrix as coating agent.
 
Enhanced Spam Detection System for Twitter Social Networking Platform
Twitter social site is one of the most popular Online Social Networking Site (OSN) used by popular people such as Ministers, businessman, large companies, actors to share their information. In this site, around 500 million of tweets are posted monthly by the total 313 million Twitter active users. The widespread of Twitter has drawn the interest of spammers. These malicious actors exploit the platform for various nefarious purposes, including monitoring authentic users, disseminating harmful software, and promoting their agendas through URLs embedded in tweets. They engage in tactics like secret following and unfollowing legitimate users, all with the intent of gathering sensitive information.To resolve this problem, a secure spam detection based on machine learning approach is designed. The designed used stop word removal, word to vector model to refined and dimensionally reduced the data. To enhance the quality of the data Cosine similarity is also been applied to measure the similarity score among the tweets and based upon that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained. Later on, it is used to test the efficiency by examining the performance parameters in terms of precision, recall and F-measure. Also, the comparative analysis has been performed to present the efficiency of the work. The average precision, recall and F measure of proposed spam detection model of 0.9252, 0.6107 and 0.734 are obtained
Analyzing Mediating Factors in Job Satisfaction Within the Retail Superstore Environment
Employee devotion to the organization is a key factor in determining whether an organization will succeed in the competitive market. Employee job satisfaction is therefore a critical factor. Employee satisfaction leads to full commitment and motivation to perform at their peak levels, enhancing customer value and advancing business goals. When employees receive enough compensation (salary, bonus, and provident fund), allowances, and insurance, as well as better working conditions, recognition for their efforts in the workplace, opportunities for training and development, and vacation benefits from their employer, they are satisfied with their jobs. The goal of the study is to identify the factors that influence an organization's employee job satisfaction. The article's objective is to quantify the degree to which the mediating factors have an impact on worker job satisfaction
Towards Automated and Optimized Security Orchestration in Cloud SLA
In cloud computing, providers pool their resources and make them available to customers. Next-generation computer scientists are flocking to the cutting-edge field of cloud computing for their research and exploration of uncharted territory. There are still several barriers that cloud service providers must overcome in order to provide cloud services in accordance with service level agreements. Each cloud service provider aspires to achieve maximum performance as per Service Level Agreements (SLAs), and this is especially true when it comes to the delivery of services. A cloud service level agreement (SLA) guarantees that cloud service providers will satisfy the needs of large businesses and offer their clients with a specified list of services. The authors offer a web service level agreementβinspired approach for cloud service agreements. We adopt patterns and antipatterns to symbolize the best and worst practices of OCCI (Open Cloud Computing Interface Standard), REST (Representational State Transfer), and TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications) with DevOps solutions, all of which API developers should bear in mind when designing APIs. When using this method, everything pertaining to the cloud service, from creation to deployment to measurement to evaluation to management to termination, may be handled mechanically. When distributing resources to cloud apps, our system takes into account the likelihood of SLA breaches and responds by providing more resources if necessary. We say that for optimal performance, our suggested solution should be used in a private cloud computing setting. As more and more people rely on cloud computing for their day-to-day workloads, there has been a corresponding rise in the need for efficient orchestration and management strategies that foster interoperability
Unusual metastatic sex cord stromal tumor - staging and response assessment
Metastatic sex cord stromal tumor (SCST) is rare and contributing <1% of ovarian tumors. A 42-year-old female presented with lower abdominal pain for 2 months. Ultrasonography revealed masses in the abdominal and pelvic. USG guided biopsy from the pelvic mass revealed SCST. For staging, whole body F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography was performed and revealed heterogenous mildly FDG avid retroperitoneal and bilateral pelvic masses with lung nodules. To confirm the nature of the lung nodule; PET-CT guided biopsy performed and revealed metastatic SCST. After three cycle of chemotherapy, clinical, biochemical and imaging show partial response to treatment
Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°
Background. Bone metastasis is very common in the advanced stage of numerous carcinomas. In penile carcinoma, lymph nodes metastasis is somehow common but it is very rare reported to be secondary from penile cancer. till the date, there are only few cases of penis carcinoma reported bone metastasis in literature worldwide.Case Presentation. Herein, We presented a 51-year-old Nepalese male with squamous cell carcinoma of penis. computed tomography (ct) scan of the patient revealed that there was carcinoma involving glans penis and precure with bilateral external & internal inguinal lymphadenopathies. After then, the patient was under gone for partial penectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy and complete 6-cycle chemotherapy. After one year of treatment, patient developed thigh pain and headache and he advised to have magnetic Resonance imaging (mRi) of brain, 99mTc-MDP whole body bone scan and ct scan of pelvis and thigh. The examination report reveals that there was a sclerotic change in vertex of skull bone and moderate 99mTc-MDP uptake in right proximal shaft of femur just below the neck d/d metastasis. The histopathological examination of the true cut biopsy taken from the lesion of the femur showed metastatic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma which is rare case of femoral shaft bone metastasis secondary from penile carcinoma. Then patient was sent for surgical reconstruction of femur. Based on the case studies review femur shaft bone metastasis from penile cancer is extremely rare.Conclusion. The best of our knowledge; this is the first early detected bone metastases to shaft of the femur in a patient with penile cancer. early diagnosis helps to radical treatment as well as palliative treatment. surgery is the preferred option of the treatments, especially for metastatic foci in the long bones.ΠΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ. ΠΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ 51-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (ΠΠ’) Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°, Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ, Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ 6 ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ Π’ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ 99mTc-MDP ΠΈ ΠΠ’ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 99mTc-MDP Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π²Π·ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π° Π² Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π· ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ» Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°. Π Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π₯ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Ρ
Π² Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Pre-operative Hypoglycemia in Patients Presenting for Surgery: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Peri-operative glycemic control is an important factor for post-operative recovery and is well protocoled for diabetic patients in every setup. It is not always so with non-diabetic patients. This study aimed to observe the pre-operative glucose level and prevalence of hypoglycemia in patients presenting for surgery and its association with the duration of nil per oral period (NPO), age and intravenous fluids used in the pre-operative period. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology in a Nepalese medical college including all the patients posted for elective surgery over a period of three months. Socio-demographic and clinical details of the participants were collected in the operating theatre. Duration of NPO period and intravenous fluid prescribed in the pre-operative fasting period were recorded. A glucose strip test was performed on all the participants. Results: Participants were found to have fasted for an unnecessarily longer duration (12.84Β±2.27 hours). The incidence of hypoglycemia in patients posted for elective surgery was very high (43.3%). Ringer lactate and normal saline were equally prescribed (38.4%) and dextrose-normal saline was prescribed in the rest of the participants. Gender and type of intravenous fluids were positively correlated whereas NPO period was negatively correlated in overall participants though statistically insignificant. In hypoglycemic participants, we observed that lower glucose was influenced by pre-operative fluids, age and NPO duration. Conclusion: Pre-operative use of glucose-containing fluids during NPO period is an important step to prevent hypoglycemia and related consequences
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