The theory of UD derivative and its applications

The sole purpose of this study is to propose a new concept to fractional derivative as Ujlayan-Dixit derivative in the classical sense using limit approach. The parameter α of the derivative is confined within a closed unit interval. It is easy to apply and generates a convex combination of function and its derivative. We observe its geometrical behavior and see, how it is different from the previous definitions of the concerned derivatives. It works as an improved form of Conformable fractional derivative and fulfill the meaningful gaps. Some basic properties of calculus like continuity, differentiability, Mean Value theorem, Comparison theorem and some numerical have discussed.Publisher's Versio

Active Segregation Dynamics in the Living Cell

In this paper, we bring together our efforts in identifying and understanding nonequilibrium phase segregation driven by active processes in the living cell, with special focus on the segregation of cell membrane components driven by active contractile stresses arising from cortical actomyosin. This also has implications for active segregation dynamics in membraneless regions within the cytoplasm and nucleus (3d). We formulate an active version of the Flory-Huggins theory that incorporates a contribution from fluctuating active stresses. Apart from knitting together some of our past theoretical work in a comprehensive narrative, we highlight some new results, and establish a correspondence with recent studies on Active Model B/B+. We point to the many unusual aspects of the dynamics of active phase segregation, such as (i) anomalous growth dynamics, (ii) coarsening accompanied by propulsion and coalescence of domains that exhibit nonreciprocal effects, (iii) segregation into mesoscale domains, (iv) emergence of a nonequilibrium phase segregated steady state characterised by strong macroscopic fluctuations (fluctuation dominated phase ordering (FDPO)), and (v) mesoscale segregation even above the equilibrium Tc. Apart from its implications for actively driven segregation of binary fluids, these ideas are at the heart of an Active Emulsion description of the lateral organisation of molecules on the plasma membrane of living cells, whose full molecular elaboration appears elsewhere

Further analysis of Multivariate fractal functions

The aim of this paper is to characterize a fractal operator associated with multivariate fractal interpolation functions (FIFs) and study the several properties of this fractal operator. Further, with the help of this operator, we characterize a latest category of functions and study their approximation aspects. The basic characteristics of this multivariate fractal operator's are given in several ways in this note. The extension of this fractal operator to the $L^p$-spaces for $p \ge 1$ are also examined. Multivariate continuous fractal functions approximation characteristics are also examined.Comment: 05. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1810.09701 by other author

Exploiting Multilingualism in Low-resource Neural Machine Translation via Adversarial Learning

Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) offer a promising approach for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). However, feeding multiple morphologically languages into a single model during training reduces the NMT's performance. In GAN, similar to bilingual models, multilingual NMT only considers one reference translation for each sentence during model training. This single reference translation limits the GAN model from learning sufficient information about the source sentence representation. Thus, in this article, we propose Denoising Adversarial Auto-encoder-based Sentence Interpolation (DAASI) approach to perform sentence interpolation by learning the intermediate latent representation of the source and target sentences of multilingual language pairs. Apart from latent representation, we also use the Wasserstein-GAN approach for the multilingual NMT model by incorporating the model generated sentences of multiple languages for reward computation. This computed reward optimizes the performance of the GAN-based multilingual model in an effective manner. We demonstrate the experiments on low-resource language pairs and find that our approach outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches for multilingual NMT with a performance gain of up to 4 BLEU points. Moreover, we use our trained model on zero-shot language pairs under an unsupervised scenario and show the robustness of the proposed approach.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Erythrophagocytosis and its relation to band 3 clustering in chronic myelogenous leukemia

Band 3, a major erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein, undergoes topographic redistribution leading to enhanced clustering, in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This is probably due to the binding of heme compounds to the CML erythrocyte membrane resulting from depletion of cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Band 3 clustering appears to be one of the factors associated with increased erythrophagocytosis in CML

Study of prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction (TD). The coexistence of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patient is an important barrier in achieving treatment goal. The study regarding prevalence of TD in T2DM has not been done in patients of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The present study was aimed to know the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM in patients of Eastern Uttar Pradesh.Methods: This is an observational cross sectional prevalence study of thyroid dysfunction in 250 diagnosed T2DM patients deleat diagnosed based on ADA criteria attending the department of medicine Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, Study was India, done over a period of 1 year. Thyroid dysfunction was classified on the basis of ATA criteria. All subjects underwent a detailed history, clinical examination and relevant biochemical tests.Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients was found to be 20.4% in this study.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to general population as mentioned in different literature

Indole Acetic Acid production by fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from the rhizospheric soils of Malus and Pyrus

Fluorescent Pseudomonas, a major component of rhizobacteria, promote  the plant growth  through their multifarious activities. In the present investigations, thirty   strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas were  isolated from the rhizosphere of apple and pear  plants of their  normal and  replant sites and found that the count of  Pseudomonas strains were  more  in normal site as compare to replant site. They were screened for auxins production (indole acetic acid or IAA) and it was found that the strains isolated from normal sites produced more auxins (7-30 µg/ml) as compared to the isolates of replant site (1-4µg/ml). Four strains viz PN-4-SAN, PN-10-SAN, AN-2-NAG and AN-4-NAG were selected on the basis of their higher auxin production. The maximum production of IAA was observed at 72 h incubation period at pH 7.0 under shaken condition at 28oC. The highest IAA was produced by strain AN-2-NAG (30 µg/ml) and PN-4-SAN (30 µg/ml) isolated from Malus (Apple) and Pyrus (Pear) rhizosphere soil, respectively. An attempt was made to extract, purify and evaluate IAA by thin layer chromatography and specific bioassay method. The IAA (Auxin) produced by both the isolates i.e. AN-2-NAG and PN-4-SAN showed Rf value of 0.81. The partially purified and extracted auxins were evaluated by bioassay. The auxins produced by isolates AN-2-NAG and PN-4-SAN showed highest increased in length of coleoptiles of avena. These isolates could be potential strains for bioinoculant production for apple and pear

Efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.01% formulated in tight junction modulation technology compared to marketed benzalkonium chloride preserved bimatoprost 0.01% ophthalmic solution in healthy beagle dogs

Background: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of the new technology tight junction modulation (TJM) bimatoprost 0.01% (TJM-bimatoprost), containing polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride as a preservative, and marketed bimatoprost 0.01% (BKC-bimatoprost) in healthy beagle dogs.Methods: This was a cross-over study and all animals in the study were assigned to one of two treatment arms to receive either TJM-bimatoprost (n=6) or BKC-bimatoprost (n=6) ophthalmic solution. Dosing for period 1 was started on day 3 (8 am everyday) and it continued till day 12. Assessments were carried out every day at 8 am, 9 am, 2 pm and 8 pm throughout the study period till day 17.Results: For the pooled analysis (n=12 in each group) of period 1 and 2, there was a significant decrease (p<0.001) in mean intra-ocular (IOP) 1 hour post administration as compared to the baseline and this trend continued all throughout the study in both treatment arms. Twenty fours after last dose, on day 12, IOP measurements were 14.20±1.59 mmHg and 13.89±1.5 mmHg in the TJM-bimatoprost and the BKC-bimatoprost group respectively. The analysis of the primary end point revealed that 95% confidence interval for the between group differences in mean IOP values were well within the pre-defined equivalence margin of ±1.5 mmHg. In terms of safety, there was no difference in mean pupillary diameter in the TJM-bimatoprost and BKC-bimatoprost group.Conclusions: The results of this study enhance our understanding of the proprietary TJM technology by establishing efficacy and safety of TJM-bimatoprost in animal models.

Diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C-based eGFR equations at different GFR levels in children

Background and objectives The diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C estimated GFR (eGFR) by various cystatin C equations have varied in different studies. We hypothesized that the GFR level of enrolled patients affects the diagnostic accuracy of a cystatin C equation. Design, setting, participants, & measurements We analyzed 240 consecutively enrolled children at a single Canadian center in a prospective and cross-sectional study. Cystatin C was analyzed with nephelometry, and cystatin C eGFR was estimated by the equations validated in children. GFR was measured by technetium- 99m-diethylene-triamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc DTPA). Results We compared various cystatin C equations across GFR strata \u3c60, \u3c90, ≥135, and ≥150 ml/min per 1.73 m2 for an accurate prediction and appropriate classification of the measured GFR. The CKiD, Zappitelli- CysEq, and Zappitelli-CysCrEq equations had a higher accuracy, estimated by eGFR values within 10% and 30% of the respective 99mTc DTPA, in the GFR categories \u3c60 and \u3c90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, whereas the Bökenkamp, Bouvet, and Filler equations had a greater accuracy in the GFR categories ≥135 and ≥150 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The Bouvet, CKiD, Filler, Zappitelli-CysEq, and Zappitelli-CysCrEq equations had a greater sensitivity to classify GFR \u3c60 and \u3c90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, whereas the Bökenkamp equation had a higher sensitivity for GFR ≥135 and ≥150 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of various cystatin C equations varies with GFR. This issue needs consideration while applying these equations in clinical practice and for further research on eGFR equations. © 2011 by the American Society of Nephrology

Diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C-based eGFR equations at different GFR levels in children

Background and objectives The diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C estimated GFR (eGFR) by various cystatin C equations have varied in different studies. We hypothesized that the GFR level of enrolled patients affects the diagnostic accuracy of a cystatin C equation. Design, setting, participants, & measurements We analyzed 240 consecutively enrolled children at a single Canadian center in a prospective and cross-sectional study. Cystatin C was analyzed with nephelometry, and cystatin C eGFR was estimated by the equations validated in children. GFR was measured by technetium- 99m-diethylene-triamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc DTPA). Results We compared various cystatin C equations across GFR strata \u3c60, \u3c90, ≥135, and ≥150 ml/min per 1.73 m2 for an accurate prediction and appropriate classification of the measured GFR. The CKiD, Zappitelli- CysEq, and Zappitelli-CysCrEq equations had a higher accuracy, estimated by eGFR values within 10% and 30% of the respective 99mTc DTPA, in the GFR categories \u3c60 and \u3c90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, whereas the Bökenkamp, Bouvet, and Filler equations had a greater accuracy in the GFR categories ≥135 and ≥150 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The Bouvet, CKiD, Filler, Zappitelli-CysEq, and Zappitelli-CysCrEq equations had a greater sensitivity to classify GFR \u3c60 and \u3c90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, whereas the Bökenkamp equation had a higher sensitivity for GFR ≥135 and ≥150 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of various cystatin C equations varies with GFR. This issue needs consideration while applying these equations in clinical practice and for further research on eGFR equations. © 2011 by the American Society of Nephrology