A Mathematical Theorem on the Onset of Stationary Convection in Couple-Stress Fluid

The thermal instability of a couple-stress fluid heated from below is investigated. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the paper mathematically establishes that the onset of instability at marginal state, cannot manifest itself as stationary convection, if the thermal Rayleigh number R and the couple-stress parameter F, 3 satisfy the inequality 2 2 2 2 1 3 F 3 F 1 3 F 1 , and when the couple-stress parameter F is R 2 2 27 F 1 1 3 F infinitesimally small, R 27 4 4 2 F , the result which also clearly mathematically established the stabilizing 1 2 character of the couple-stress

Fodder Yield and Quality of Lucerne (\u3cem\u3eMedicago sativa\u3c/em\u3e) Grown as Pure Stands and in Mixture with Oats (\u3cem\u3eAvena sativa\u3c/em\u3e), Mustard (\u3cem\u3eBrassica campestris\u3c/em\u3e) and Ryegrass (\u3cem\u3eLolium perenne\u3c/em\u3e) under Different Cutting Managements

Legume-cereal mixtures are important protein and carbohydrate sources for livestock and provide a balanced chemical composition for livestock feeding along with higher green forage yields than the pure stands (Berdahl et al. 2001; Albayrak and Ekiz, 2005). Lucerne is the most important rabi legume crop of Punjab grown under limited irrigation conditions and provides succulent, palatable and nutritious fodder to dairy animals. The fodder yield of first cut of lucerne is very low so it is usually grown in mixture with oats and or mustard. The information on the mixtures of lucerne and suitable cutting times is scant. This study was conducted to assess fodder yield and quality of lucerne mixtures with ryegrass, oat and mustard along with the effects of cutting time

Integrating Facebook as a Platform of Discussion Among ESL Learners in International School

This paper presents a systematic literature review of relevant published studies on integrating Facebook as a platform of discussion in the ESL classroom. The published studies are taken from the year of 2011 to 2019. The systematic literature review gives an overview about the positive impact of using Facebook as a platform of discussion for the ESL learners and the benefits of applying multimodality in teaching the ESL learners. The paper also investigates the challenges faced in integrating Facebook into the teaching and learning. The results of most published papers indicate that learners and educators are comfortable with the presence of Facebook as a platform of discussion and provides a positive feedback for the future ESL learners and educators to implement Facebook. The past studies indicate that Facebook plays a role in motivating the learners and promotes blended learning in improving the learner’s English language skills. The past studies also specify the challenges faced by both learners and educators in using Facebook. The limitations of past related studies and future directions for research were being further discussed

The Redistributive Effects Of The EU Budget: An Analysis And A Proposal Reform

This paper analyzes the redistributive effects of the EU budget during the period 1986-98, explores the implications of the Berlin budget agreement and advances a proposal for setting member countries' budgetary balances in a manner consistent with a simple equity criterion based on relative income per capita. Using an extension of a standard methodology, we find that the redistributive impact of the EU budget has been considerable in view of its small size, that it has tended to increase over time, and that it is mostly due to the effects of structural programmes. We also find that, in spite of the relative loss of weight of structural transfers, the expenditure side of the Berlin budget agreement represents a noticeable (but small) improvement over the previous financial perspectives in terms of both its redistributive impact and its horizontal equity properties. Our proposed allocation criterion involves the correction of horizontal inequities while preserving the current degree of redistribution. This would involve a sizable reallocation of net contributions across rich countries and only a modest reduction in north-south fiscal flows.This paper was written as part of a research project cofinanced by the European Fund for Regional Development and Fundación Caixa Galicia. Additional financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture under grants SEC99-1189 and SEC99-0820

Increased Plp1 gene expression leads to massive microglial cell activation and inflammation throughout the brain

PMD (Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that impairs motor and cognitive functions and is associated with a shortened lifespan. The cause of PMD is mutations of the PLP1 [proteolipid protein 1 gene (human)] gene. Transgenic mice with increased Plp1 [proteolipid protein 1 gene (non-human)] copy number model most aspects of PMD patients with duplications. Hypomyelination and demyelination are believed to cause the neurological abnormalities in mammals with PLP1 duplications. We show, for the first time, intense microglial reactivity throughout the grey and white matter of a transgenic mouse line with increased copy number of the native Plp1 gene. Activated microglia in the white and grey matter of transgenic mice are found as early as postnatal day 7, before myelin commences in normal cerebra. This finding indicates that degeneration of myelin does not cause the microglial response. Microglial numbers are doubled due to in situ proliferation. Compared with the jp (jimpy) mouse, which has much more oligodendrocyte death and hardly any myelin, microglia in the overexpressors show a more dramatic microglial reactivity than jp, especially in the grey matter. Predictably, many classical markers of an inflammatory response, including TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) and IL-6, are significantly up-regulated manyfold. Because inflammation is believed to contribute to axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation in mammals with increased Plp1 gene dosage may also contribute to axonal degeneration described in patients and rodents with PLP1 increased gene dosage

Ajaib Singh Matharu interviewed by Gurpreet Grewal-Santini, 25 July 2013

Recalls travelling through the Serengeti Plains as a young boy and playing for the Ugandan National Hockey team at the 1972 Olympic games in Munich

Integrating Facebook as A Platform of Discussion Among ESL Learners in International School

This paper presents a systematic literature review of relevant published studies on integrating Facebook as a platform of discussion in the ESL classroom. The published studies are taken from the year of 2011 to 2019. The systematic literature review gives an overview about the positive impact of using Facebook as a platform of discussion for the ESL learners and the benefits of applying multimodality in teaching the ESL learners. The paper also investigates the challenges faced in integrating Facebook into the teaching and learning. The results of most published papers indicate that learners and educators are comfortable with the presence of Facebook as a platform of discussion and provides a positive feedback for the future ESL learners and educators to implement Facebook. The past studies indicate that Facebook plays a role in motivating the learners and promotes blended learning in improving the learner's English language skills. The past studies also specify the challenges faced by both learners and educators in using Facebook. The limitations of past related studies and future directions for research were being further discussed