Role of Islamic Law in the Efficient Management of Debt in Nigeria

Introduction to The Problem: Nigeria's Q4 2021 Real GDP reached N20.33 trillion, with a 3.98% YoY growth, marking the fifth consecutive quarter of positive growth post-2020 recession. Despite this, the economy is deemed in crisis. Concerningly, the government is accumulating more debt to service existing obligations, posing sustainability issues and conflicting with Shari’ah wealth management principles.Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of Islamic law on effective debt management in Nigeria, specifically addressing the consequences of economic crises that result in substantial national borrowing. Additionally, it aims to highlight Sharia jurisprudence as a viable solution to alleviate Nigeria's economic challenges.Design/Methodology/Approach: The Methodology employed in this study is purely doctrinal method of legal research. Hence, the study places reliance principally on the available literature by which the study explores relevant materials such as text books, journals and internet facilities. Importantly, the study finds most useful the primary sources of Shari’ah which are the Qur’an and Sunnah as well as the secondary sources which include Qiyas and Ijma’.Findings: The study finds that the economic crisis which Nigeria has found itself as a result of the multiplier effect of excessive public borrowing cannot be divorced from the adoption of the conventional economic system. The result reveals further that Islamic law plays significant roles in the efficient management of debt as was confirmed in the Malaysian Shari’ah compliant public debt management practices. The study proposes, by way of recommendation, the practice of Islamic Wealth Management to cushion the effect of the deficit budgets and the onerous debts on Nigeria and increase investment activities with a view to impacting positively on the country’s GDP. The study is therefore most relevant to the policymakers in the Ministry of Finance, Debt Management Office, as well as the Lawmakers in the country.Paper Type: Research Articl

Human Health Implications of Environmental Nanoparticles

The scientific world is beginning to give deeper cursory attention to nanoparticles because of their significant influence on the health of humans, especially in recent times. This chapter reports the nanoparticle interaction within the environment and also navigates the pathways through which humans get exposed. It strongly expresses the significant potential and influence of nanoparticles on human health. Further thought and basic multidisciplinary research work involving materials scientists, medical professionals, toxicologists, and environmental engineers are required to address the hazardous health effects and safety concerns of NPs. Chemical toxicity was taken into consideration throughout the invention and standardization of almost all toxicity assessment techniques. However, NPs have a number of distinctive physicochemical characteristics that may interfere with or present difficulties for conventional toxicity studies. In conclusion, unless the ambiguities surrounding destiny, transport, and toxicity are resolved, uses of NPs that include their direct introduction to the environment look to be problematic. Key findings generated from this chapter will be instrumental for further research or inquiry into issues linked with nanoparticles and their impact on human health within the context of the natural environment

An Assessment of the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Industrial Performance in Nigeria

Foreign Direct Investment has an impact on various aspects of the economy. This study beamed its searchlight on the impact of foreign direct investment on industrial performance. It specifically focused on the manufacturing subsector of the Nigerian economy from 1981 to 2021. The data used in the study were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicator which includes; manufacturing output, foreign direct investment, interest rate, exchange rate and inflation rate. The variables were subjected to unit root tests in other to ascertain their level of integration. However, the result indicates a mixed order of integration which informs the decision to adopt the ARDL method as the best technique of estimation. The results of this study showed that foreign direct investment exerts a negative and significant impact on manufacturing output in Nigeria in the long run. Conversely, the impact of foreign direct investment on manufacturing output is weak and positive on manufacturing output in the short run. This indicates that FDI can only contribute to the manufacturing subsector in the short run. The long-run results state a Negative significant impact of the inflation rate on the manufacturing sector of Nigeria. In the long run, disequilibrium in manufacturing output is adjusted at the speed of 34.4%. The pairwise Granger causality analysis reveals that there is no causal relationship between FDI and the Manufacturing sector. The study therefore recommends that Nigeria should focus on foreign direct investment that has an immediate impact on the manufacturing subsector, and also, any FDI with close substitute should be discouraged using fiscal policy that is, to discourage the inflow of FDI to the manufacturing subsector except for those with essential FDI with the nature to induce manufacturing subsector in the short ru

Safety Evaluation of Lawsonia inermis on Physiological, Andrological and Haematological Parameters of Male Wistar Rats

The leaves of Lawsonia inermis Linn are used in the treatment of many diseases such as diabetes, poliomyelitis, measles and gynecological disorders such as menorrhagia, vaginal discharge and leucorrhoea. This study was designed to investigate the safety evaluation of Lawsonia inermis Linn leaves (acutely and sub-chronically) on physiological, biochemical and histopathological changes seen in Wistar rat. Acutely, female rats were divided into four groups (n=3) and treated as thus A (untreated control); B (1000 mg/kg); C (2000 mg/kg) and D (5000 mg/kg). Sub-chronically, 25 male Wistar rats were grouped into five (n=5). Groups: A (control), B (100 mg/kg); C (200 mg/kg); D (400 mg/kg) and E (800 mg/kg). Lawsonia inermis Linn leaves have a wide safety margin (>5000mg/kg) and no mortality or visible toxic reaction was observed in acute phase. Lawsonia inermis extract did not inhibit physiological weight gain, except the highest dose that caused some weight loss. Haematological result showed that PVC, RBC, haemoglobin and platelets had no significant (P>0.05) effect unlike white blood cell and differentials (neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) which decrease significantly (P <0.05) across all the treated groups compared to untreated control. Serum chemistry showed a significant (P <0.05) decrease AST. ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea, Total protein and Total bilirubin had no significant (P <0.05) effects. Serum electrolytes; calcium ion, potassium ion, sodium ion and chloride ion had no significant (P <0.05) changes. Lawsonia inermis is safe at acute administered dosages while nephrotoxicity and spermiotoxicity may occur following subchronic administration

Video interview: "What Yoruba Anjemi means to me"

Video interview with with Alhaja Maryam Ahmed about the origins and meaning of Yoruba Anjemi

Role of the IL8 rs4073 polymorphism in central nervous system toxicity in patients receiving multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment

Objective: To determine the role of the IL8 rs4073 polymorphism in predicting the risk of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity in patients receiving standard pharmacological treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Methods: A cohort of 85 consenting MDR-TB patients receiving treatment with second-line antituberculosis drugs had their blood samples amplified for the IL8 (rs4073) gene and genotyped. All patients were clinically screened for evidence of treatment toxicity and categorized accordingly. Crude and adjusted associations were assessed. Results: The chief complaints fell into the following categories: CNS toxicity; gastrointestinal toxicity; skin toxicity; and eye and ear toxicities. Symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity were reported by 59% of the patients, and symptoms of CNS toxicity were reported by 42.7%. With regard to the genotypes of IL8 (rs4073), the following were identified: AA, in 64 of the study participants; AT, in 7; and TT, in 11. A significant association was found between the dominant model of inheritance and CNS toxicity for the crude model (p = 0.024; OR = 3.57; 95% CI, 1.18-10.76) and the adjusted model (p = 0.031; OR = 3.92; 95% CI, 1.13-13.58). The AT+TT genotype of IL8 (rs4073) showed a 3.92 times increased risk of CNS toxicity when compared with the AA genotype. Conclusions: The AT+TT genotype has a tendency to be associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical features during MDR-TB treatment.</jats:p

Role of the IL8 rs4073 polymorphism in central nervous system toxicity in patients receiving multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment

Objective: To determine the role of the IL8 rs4073 polymorphism in predicting the risk of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity in patients receiving standard pharmacological treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Methods: A cohort of 85 consenting MDR-TB patients receiving treatment with second-line antituberculosis drugs had their blood samples amplified for the IL8 (rs4073) gene and genotyped. All patients were clinically screened for evidence of treatment toxicity and categorized accordingly. Crude and adjusted associations were assessed. Results: The chief complaints fell into the following categories: CNS toxicity; gastrointestinal toxicity; skin toxicity; and eye and ear toxicities. Symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity were reported by 59 of the patients, and symptoms of CNS toxicity were reported by 42.7. With regard to the genotypes of IL8 (rs4073), the following were identified: AA, in 64 of the study participants; AT, in 7; and TT, in 11. A significant association was found between the dominant model of inheritance and CNS toxicity for the crude model (p = 0.024; OR = 3.57; 95 CI, 1.18-10.76) and the adjusted model (p = 0.031; OR = 3.92; 95 CI, 1.13-13.58). The AT+TT genotype of IL8 (rs4073) showed a 3.92 times increased risk of CNS toxicity when compared with the AA genotype. Conclusions: The AT+TT genotype has a tendency to be associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical features during MDR-TB treatment

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Triplex Infections (Combined Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus) among Pregnant Women in Nigeria

Objective. We systematically identified the prevalence of triplex infections (combined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)) in pregnancy. Methods. To gather information on the frequency of triplex infections, we searched the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Without regard to language, we utilized search terms that covered HIV, HBV, HCV, and pregnancy. Pregnant women with triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV were included in studies that also examined the prevalence of triplex infections. Review Manager 5.4.1 was employed to conduct the meta-analysis. Critical appraisal and bias tool risk data were provided as percentages with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and I2 was used as the statistical measure of heterogeneity. The checklist was created by Hoy and colleagues. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO, under the registration number CRD42020202583. Results. Eight studies involving 5314 women were included. We identified one ongoing study. Pooled prevalence of triplex infections was 0.03% (95% CI: 0.02–0.04%) according to meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significantly high prevalence of 0.08% (95% CI: 0.06–0.10%; 3863 women) in HIV-positive population than 0.00% (95% CI:−0.00-0.00; 1451 women; P<0.001) in general obstetric population. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the pooled prevalence between studies published between 2001 and 2010 and between 2011 and 2021 (0.14% (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.16 versus 0.03% (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.04%; P<0.001))) and participants recruited in the period between 2001 and 2011 and between 2012 and 2021 (0.13% (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.21; p=0.002 versus 0.00% (95% CI: −0.00 to 0.00%; p=1.00))), respectively. Conclusion. The combined prevalence of prenatal triplex infections was 0.03%, with rates notably higher among the group of pregnant women who were HIV-positive and during the recruitment period that took place before 2012. This prevalence still necessitates screening for these infections as necessary