Parental Involvement Among Low-income Filipinos: A Phenomenological Inquiry

Parental involvement in children’s education is an integral component of young children’s academic achievement. In the Philippines, a developing country with high rates of poverty and input deficit in basic education, school dropout rates are high especially among the poor. Given that many children from disadvantaged backgrounds do not get enough support (PIDS, 2012) and many parents are not equipped with skills to support their children’s education, it is essential to investigate how Filipino parents can help and contribute to their children’s academic success. In response to the lack of parental involvement literature situated in the Philippine context, the present study employed a phenomenological approach to explore and examine the experiences of low-income parents regarding their involvement in their children’s education. This study is guided by the following research questions: (a) What is the meaning and nature of parental involvement among low-income Filipino families? (b) What factors facilitate or hinder parental involvement, and (c) Will any pattern emerge from the data to describe the relations between parental involvement and children’s academic outcome? Data analysis showed that Filipino parents believe that helping their children with schoolwork, motivating them, and providing structure at home help their children succeed in school, consistent with the extant literature on parental involvement. However, responses regarding academic socialization, communicating with teachers, and volunteering in school reflect cultural beliefs and practices in the Philippines related to traditional parenting, extreme poverty. Results from this study expand the extant research on parental involvement, which is mostly Western-based, and further our understanding of the generalizability of existing theories on parental involvement. Findings have implications for how Filipino parents and educators can support the academic success of children. Finally, this study can help inform educators and school programmers on how to help parents support their children’s education. Advisers: Maria Rosario T. de Guzman and Carolyn Pope Edward

Parental Efficacy, Experience of Stressful Life Events, and Child Externalizing Behavior as Predictors of Filipino Mothers\u27 and Fathers\u27 Parental Hostility and Aggression.

This study assessed relations of parental efficacy, experience of stressful life events, and child externalizing behavior to Filipino mothers and fathers’ parental hostility and aggression. Orally-administered surveys were conducted with 117 mothers and 98 fathers for the first year of data collection, and again a year later with 107 mothers and 83 fathers. Path analyses showed that mothers’ report of child externalizing behavior predicted subsequent parental hostility and aggression. For fathers, child externalizing behavior and experience of stressful life events predicted parental hostility and aggression. Additionally, fathers’ parental efficacy was found to moderate the relationship between experience of stressful life events and parental hostility and aggression. Results suggest that child externalizing behavior and experience of stressful life events have direct relations to parental hostility and aggression, while parental efficacy has a moderating effect to it. The differences between the results for fathers and mothers are explained in the context of distinct parenting roles and parenting in the local context

Predictors of Parent Engagement Based on Child Care Providers’ Perspectives

Objective: Determine the predictors of child care providers’ parent engagement regarding child nutrition in child care centers (CCCs) and family child care homes (FCCHs). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Child care centers and FCCHs. Participants: Child care center directors (n = 337) and FCCH providers (n = 1,153) completed a self-administered survey. Main outcome measures: Fifteen variables were examined as predictors for parent engagement: providers’ perceived barriers to communication, participation in Go Nutrition and Physical Self-Assessment in Child Care, National Association for the Education of Young Children accreditation, participation in Quality Ratings and Improvement Systems, feeding practices, and professional development. Analysis: Structural equation modeling examined the relation between variables for CCCs and for FCCHs. Results: For CCCs, NAEYC accreditation, providers’ perceived barriers regarding parents’ cultural beliefs about food, parents not liking the taste of healthy foods, and parents prioritizing other food-related topics over healthy eating significantly predicted parent engagement. For FCCHs, participation in Go Nutrition and Physical Self-Assessment in Child Care, perceiving parents to be busy, not wanting to offend parents, and practicing family-style dining were significantly related to parent engagement. For both CCCs and FCCHs, professional development regarding child nutrition was related to parent engagement. Conclusions and implications: Focusing professional development on child care contexts and addressing providers’ perceived barriers may improve parent engagement

Examining the Roles of Parent–Child and Teacher–Child Relationships on Behavior Regulation of Children at Risk

The current study examined the effects of parent–child and teacher–child relationships on behavior regulation of children at risk. In particular, the amplifying or attenuating effect of one context (i.e., teacher–child relationships) for another context (i.e., parent–child relationship) on children’s behavior regulation was examined. Participants were 291 children (159 boys) ages 37–70 months (M = 53.88 months, SD = 6.44 months) from three different preschools serving low-income children in two Midwestern cities. Parents and teachers reported on their relationships with children during fall. Behavior regulation was assessed via structured tasks during spring and summer. After controlling for demographic variables, results showed that parent–child closeness and teacher–child conflict were related to children’s behavior regulation. Interaction models showed that when children experienced a combination of low parent–child closeness and high teacher–child conflict, they had lower levels of behavior regulation. Findings highlight the importance of parent–child and teacher–child relationships, both independently and together, for low-income children’s behavior regulation

Fictive Kinships and the Remaking of Family Life in the Context of Paid Domestic Work: The Case of Philippine \u3ci\u3eYayas\u3c/i\u3e

In this chapter, we draw from our study on Filipina rural-to-urban migrant workers in the domestic care sector to illustrate how migrants make and remake family in the context of separation. The setting of our study is in Quezon City, Philippines, and our participants are women employed as yayas-domestic care workers employed to care for children. They live in their employers\u27 homes, and most of our respondents live apart from their own children and all are living away from their nuclear families. Details of this study are laid out in an earlier paper that focused on the experience of family separation for domestic care workers and strategies they utilized to reconfigure and maintain relationships across physical distance (de Guzman, 2014). Here, we reexamine our data with a lens toward understanding how they rebuild new family life in their immediate contexts. We explore the nature of those relationships and how they reflect deeply embedded notions of family life (e.g., family roles) and implications for coping and wellbeing given the challenges of migration and domestic care work

An Innovative, Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Promoting Child Health: The Reggio Emilia Approach and the Ecological Approach to Family Style Dining Program

The Reggio Emilia approach is an international example of high-quality early care and education programs and this article offers innovative, practical strategies in which Reggio Emilia-inspired educators can link this approach while implementing the research-based EAT Family Style Dining program to foster a positive mealtime environment and promote better health for children. The EAT Family Style Dining program presents childcare providers with the knowledge and skills needed for promoting children’s development of healthy eating behaviors while engaging families and communities. Children and adults eat together during mealtime and children serve themselves and select their own portions. This practice is recommended by the National Academy of Medicine, USDA’s Child and Adult Care Food Program, and Head Start. The EAT Family Style Program, developed by an interdisciplinary team of nutrition and early childhood researchers, is composed of seven different lessons that address specific strategies for promoting family style dining

OSU-03012 sensitizes breast cancers to lapatinib-induced cell killing: a role for Nck1 but not Nck2

Background Lapatinib is characterized as an ErbB1/ErbB2 dual inhibitor and has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we examined mechanisms associated with enhancing the activity of lapatinib via combination with other therapies. Methods In the present studies, estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative breast cancer cells were genetically manipulated to up- or downregulate eIF2-alpha, its phospho-mutant, Nck1, or Nck2, then treated with OSU-03012, lapatinib or the combination and assayed for cytotoxicity/cytostaticity using clonogenic assays. Results Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with lapatinib and OSU-03012 (a small molecule derivative of the Cox-2 inhibitor celecoxib) induced synergistic cytotoxic/cytostatic effects. This combination therapy corresponded to an increase in the phosphorylation of eIF2-α at serine51 and a decrease in Nck1 expression. Ectopic expression of phospho-mutant eIF2-α (Ser51Ala) or downregulation of eIF2-α in addition to downregulation of the eIF2-α kinase PERK inhibited the synergistic and cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Nck1, but not Nck2 abolished the decrease in cell viability observed in combination-treated cells. Downregulation of Nck1 failed to “rescue” the ablation of the cytotoxic/cytostatic effects by the phospho-mutant of eIF2-α (Ser51Ala) demonstrating that Nck1 downregulation is upstream of eIF2-α phosphorylation in the anti-survival pathway activated by lapatinib and OSU-03012 treatment. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that eIF2-α dissociates from the Nck1/PP1 complex after OSU-03012 and lapatinib co-treatment. Conclusions These data indicate that OSU-03012 and lapatinib co-treatment is an effective combination therapy, which functions to enhance cell killing through the Nck1/eIF2 complex. Hence, this complex is a novel target for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer

Provider reported implementation of nutrition-related practices in childcare centers and family childcare homes in rural and urban Nebraska

Approximately 15 million children under age 6 are in childcare settings, offering childcare providers an opportunity to influence children’s dietary intake. Childcare settings vary in organizational structure – childcare centers (CCCs) vs. family childcare homes (FCCHs) – and in geographical location – urban vs. rural. Research on the nutrition-related best practices across these childcare settings is scarce. The objective of this study is to compare nutrition-related best practices of CCCs and FCCHs that participate in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) in rural and urban Nebraska. Nebraska providers (urban n = 591; rural n = 579) reported implementation level, implementation difficulty and barriers to implementing evidence-informed food served and mealtime practices. Chi-square tests comparing CCCs and FCCHs in urban Nebraska and CCCs and FCCHs in rural Nebraska showed sub-optimal implementation for some practices across all groups, including limiting fried meats and high sugar/ high fat foods, using healthier foods or non-food treats for celebrations and serving meals family style. Significant differences (p \u3c .05) between CCCs and FCCHs also emerged, especially with regard to perceived barriers to implementing best practices. For example, CCCs reported not having enough money to cover the cost of meals for providers, lack of control over foods served and storage problems, whereas FCCHs reported lack of time to prepare healthier foods and sit with children during mealtimes. Findings suggest that policy and public health interventions may need to be targeted to address the unique challenges of implementing evidence-informed practices within different organizational structures and geographic locations

Análisis crítico del derecho animal sobre la base de la Sentencia Nº 00022-2018-PI/TC

El presente trabajo analiza la Sentencia Nº 00022-2018-PI/TC del Tribunal Constitucional, que declara infundada la acción de inconstitucionalidad presentada por cinco mil ciudadanos contra la Primera Disposición Final de la Ley N° 30407 Ley de Protección y Bienestar Animal (Tribunal Constitucional. Pleno del Tribunal Constitucional, 2020, p.2) que excluye de su aplicación a la Tauromaquia y la Gallística. En virtud a que los votos infundados concuerdan en que los espectáculos cuestionados tienen carácter cultural, en tanto se estaría vulnerando el derecho a la cultura con su prohibición, asimismo no se encuentra afectación a los derechos fundamentales. Son las corridas de toros y peleas de gallos considerados como espectáculos culturales en el Perú, cuya práctica se extiende en el territorio nacional por adhesión de costumbres extranjeras. En ese sentido, se examina el debatido carácter cultural  de estos espectáculos, asimismo se estudia la actual situación jurídica de los animales en nuestro ordenamiento peruano, para lo cual se han recurrido a diversas fuentes académicas, tales como artículos científicos y revistas educativas, que abordan temas sobre la cultura, derechos fundamentales y derecho animal. En consecuencia, el presente trabajo propone la elaboración de una norma que prohíba la consideración o declaración de carácter cultural a los espectáculos que incluyan actos de violencia, con la finalidad de garantizar la protección de la dignidad  de las personas y de los animales.This work analyzes the Ruling No. 00022-2018-PI/TC of the Constitutional Court, which declares unfounded the unconstitutionality action presented by five thousand citizens against the First Final Disposition of Law No. 30407 Animal Protection and Welfare Law (Tribunal Constitucional. Pleno del Tribunal Constitucional, 2020, p.2) which excludes its application to Bullfighting and Gallistics. By virtue of the votes agreeing that the questioned shows have a cultural character, while the right to culture would be infringed with their prohibition, there is no impact on fundamental rights. Bullfights and cockfights are considered cultural spectacles in Peru, the practice of which spreads throughout the national territory due to the adhesion of foreign customs. In that sense, the debated cultural character of these shows will be examined, and the current legal situation of animals in our Peruvian legal system will also be studied, for which various academic sources have been used, such as books, scientific articles and educational magazines, that address topics about culture, fundamental rights and animal rights. Consequently, this assignment proposes the development of a rule that prohibits the consideration or declaration of a cultural character to shows that include acts of violence, with the purpose of guaranteeing the protection of the dignity of people and animals.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona