7,671 research outputs found
What goes on when tertiary students are engaged in an online academic writing course?
The learning process is a complex one with many intertwining variables. The learners’ characteristics could be a defining factor and so is prior learning experiences and knowledge, which are the manifests of metacognitive, socio-affective and cognitive systems. A learning
task engagement calls for an exertion of personal control and the fulfillment of efficiency expectations. In learning, the learner activates a number of processes such as those that concern attentional, retrieval, metacognitive and rehearsal strategies. McCombs (1988) sums up these complexities in his multimodal model of learning with certain underlying assumptions. Among them is that learning success can be manipulated. In promoting learning, the teacher can promote strategy learning such as self-directed learning. Learners if trained can select and be their own judge as to the efficacy of strategy use for the learning task. Lessard-Closton (1997) identified several basic characteristics to describe language learning strategies:
they are learner-generated, they enhance language learning and competence, they may be visible or unseen and they involve the processing of information and the use of memory
Tertiary Students' Language Learning Strategies in an Online English Writing Course
Technology is an important aspect in today's modem world and its application is now being tested and investigated in the field of learning and teaching. In an online environment, the student is not a passive respondent but one
who can employ specific strategies to effectively evaluate, integrate, analyze and retain new material. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of language
learning strategies (namely cognitive, metacognitive and socioaffective strategies) by students in an online writing course, based on O'Malley et. al. (1985a and 1985b) and Chamot and Kupper (1989) taxonomies from a classroom context. The study also sought to suggest a modified taxonomy of language learning strategies that reflects what a student can apply in an online environment to facilitate the process of language learning and to produce a general learning profile of online English language learners. Therefore, the study adopted an ethnographic approach to
observe and investigate participants in order to obtain a more holistic and in-depth analysis of strategy use. Eleven Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) students participated in the project. The data consisted largely of strategy checklists, journal entries and audiotaped interviews with the students. The study found that students do, consciously and unconsciously, use language learning strategies in the hypertext environment. The findings also suggested two new strategies appropriate for both online and traditional classroom learning. These were repetition for reinforcement in the metacognitive strategy group and the community strategy that further expands the definition of cooperation
in the socio-affective group. It was also found that there was a high overlap between the features in the list compiled from the studies of O'Malley et al. (1985a and
1985b) and Chamot and Kupper (1989) taxonomies and the list generated from the study. The comparison of general learning profiles of the successful and less successful online learner gave insights to changes in comprehension levels and learning perceptions during the three months.
Hence, despite the change of teaching medium and course presentation, students adapted themselves for effective online learning. While learning in an online environment poses no major learning difficulties, other issues such as
Internet accessibility, computer and Internet literacy, and problems in using the think-aloud method in this new medium were found to be potential setbacks in this supplementary educational medium
Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Using Coalitional Games
Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with millimeter wave (mmWave)
communications included are emerging as a promising candidate for the fifth
generation mobile network. With highly directional antenna arrays, mmWave links
are able to provide several-Gbps transmission rate. However, mmWave links are
easily blocked without line of sight. On the other hand, D2D communications
have been proposed to support many content based applications, and need to
share resources with users in HCNs to improve spectral reuse and enhance system
capacity. Consequently, an efficient resource allocation scheme for D2D pairs
among both mmWave and the cellular carrier band is needed. In this paper, we
first formulate the problem of the resource allocation among mmWave and the
cellular band for multiple D2D pairs from the view point of game theory. Then,
with the characteristics of cellular and mmWave communications considered, we
propose a coalition formation game to maximize the system sum rate in
statistical average sense. We also theoretically prove that our proposed game
converges to a Nash-stable equilibrium and further reaches the near-optimal
solution with fast convergence rate. Through extensive simulations under
various system parameters, we demonstrate the superior performance of our
scheme in terms of the system sum rate compared with several other practical
schemes.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communications in Multi-Cell Multi-Band Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with millimeter wave (mm-wave)
communications are considered as a promising technology for the fifth
generation mobile networks. Mm-wave has the potential to provide multiple
gigabit data rate due to the broad spectrum. Unfortunately, additional free
space path loss is also caused by the high carrier frequency. On the other
hand, mm-wave signals are sensitive to obstacles and more vulnerable to
blocking effects. To address this issue, highly directional narrow beams are
utilized in mm-wave networks. Additionally, device-to-device (D2D) users make
full use of their proximity and share uplink spectrum resources in HCNs to
increase the spectrum efficiency and network capacity. Towards the caused
complex interferences, the combination of D2D-enabled HCNs with small cells
densely deployed and mm-wave communications poses a big challenge to the
resource allocation problems. In this paper, we formulate the optimization
problem of D2D communication spectrum resource allocation among multiple
micro-wave bands and multiple mm-wave bands in HCNs. Then, considering the
totally different propagation conditions on the two bands, a heuristic
algorithm is proposed to maximize the system transmission rate and approximate
the solutions with sufficient accuracies. Compared with other practical
schemes, we carry out extensive simulations with different system parameters,
and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme. In addition,
the optimality and complexity are simulated to further verify effectiveness and
efficiency.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technolog
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Crosslinked fluoropolymers exhibiting superior high-temperature energy density and charge-discharge efficiency
Superior high-temperature discharged energy densities in comparison to those of the current dielectric polymers have been demonstrated in the crosslinked fluoropolymers
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME FEEDBACK SYSTEM IN WEIGHTLIFTING
The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time feedback system (RTFS), which can provide weightlifters some useful information, such as the heights of the bar, video clip and so on, immediately after finishing their attempts under training conditions. A Kinect was used to capture the depth data and RGB video, the methods of the pattern recognition and algorithm were established, and the software was developed to identify the barbell and calculate the 3-D data of barbell COM (Centre of Mass). An experiment was carried out to compare the data from RTFS and that from 3D analysis based on video to check the reliability of RTFS. The results showed that the data of barbell COM obtained by RTFS can describe the movement of barbell sufficiently. This new system can help weightlifters to diagnose their skills and improve their training effectively
Clinical effects of low-molecular-weight heparin combined with ulinastatin in children with acute pancreatitis
Purpose: To explore the clinical effects of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) combined with ulinastatin (UTI) in children with acute pancreatitis.Methods: In total, 560 patients with severe acute pancreatitis treated at Binzhou People’s Hospital, Shandong, China, from April 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into control (280 patients, ulinastatin + conventional treatment) and observational groups (280 patients, LMWH + ulinastatin + conventional treatment). The treatment lasted for 2 weeks. Clinical parameters, laboratory test indices, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, and computed tomography score of pancreatic necrosis (CTSPN) were assessed in both groups.Results: On admission, no significant differences were noted in clinical features, laboratory parameters, APACHE II scores, or CTSPN between the two groups (all p > 0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, serum amylase, urine amylase, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet count in the study group were 913 ± 281 U/L, 1893 ± 295 U/L, 16 ± 1.60 s, 3 ± 0.60 g/L, 39.80 ± 5.60 s, and 294 ± 49 × 109/L, respectively, all of which were similar or superior to those in the control group (1738 ± 346 U/L, 2453 ± 473 U/L, 15 ± 1.50 S, 2.50 ± 0.50, 39.80 ± 5.90, and 192 ± 37 × 109/L)). APACHE II scores and CTSPN after 2 weeks of treatment in the observation group were 8.50 ± 1.80 and 2.10 ± 1, respectively, which were superior to those in the control group (9.60 ± 2.40 and 4.30 ± 2.60, respectively; p < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of complications, mortality rate, and average duration of the hospital stay in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (p > 0.05). The cure rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group.Conclusions: LMWH combined with UTI enhances the efficacy of conventional treatment and reduces mortality. Thus, it is a potentially effective treatment strategy for severe acute pancreatitis in children.Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, Low-molecular-weight heparin, Multiple organ function syndrome, APACHE II score, Pancreatic necrosi
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