36,093 research outputs found
Numerical Modeling of Shock-Induced Damage for Granite under Dynamic Loading
Johnson-Holmquist constitutive model for brittle materials, coupled with a crack softening model, is used to describe the deviatoric and tensile crack propagation beneath impact crater in granite. Model constants are determined either directly from static uniaxial strain loading experiments, or indirectly from numerical adjustment. Constants are put into AUTODYN-2D from Century Dynamics to simulate the shock-induced damage in granite targets impacted by projectiles at different velocities. The agreement between experimental data and simulated results is encouraging. Instead of traditional grid-based methods, a Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics solver is used to define damaged regions in brittle media
Design of ternary signals for MIMO identification in the presence of noise and nonlinear distortion
A new approach to designing sets of ternary periodic signals with different periods for multi-input multi-output system identification is described. The signals are pseudo-random signals with uniform nonzero harmonics, generated from Galois field GF(q), where q is a prime or a power of a prime. The signals are designed to be uncorrelated, so that effects of different inputs can be easily decoupled. However, correlated harmonics can be included if necessary, for applications in the identification of ill-conditioned processes. A design table is given for q les 31. An example is presented for the design of five uncorrelated signals with a common period N = 168 . Three of these signals are applied to identify the transfer function matrix as well as the singular values of a simulated distillation column. Results obtained are compared with those achieved using two alternative methods
Low-energy diffraction; a direct-channel point of view: the background
We argue that at low-energies, typical of the resonance region, the
contribution from direct-channel exotic trajectories replaces the Pomeron
exchange, typical of high energies. A dual model realizing this idea is
suggested. While at high energies it matches the Regge pole behavior, dominated
by a Pomeron exchange, at low energies it produces a smooth, structureless
behavior of the total cross section determined by a direct-channel nonlinear
exotic trajectory, dual to the Pomeron exchange.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. Talk presented at the Second International
"Cetraro" Workshop & NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Diffraction 2002",
Alushta, Crimea, Ukraine, August 31 - September 6, 200
Helicity Observation of Weak and Strong Fields
We report in this letter our analysis of a large sample of photospheric
vector magnetic field measurements. Our sample consists of 17200 vector
magnetograms obtained from January 1997 to August 2004 by Huairou Solar
Observing Station of the Chinese National Astronomical Observatory. Two
physical quantities, and current helicity, are calculated and their
signs and amplitudes are studied in a search for solar cycle variations.
Different from other studies of the same type, we calculate these quantities
for weak () fields separately. For
weak fields, we find that the signs of both and current helicity are
consistent with the established hemispheric rule during most years of the solar
cycle and their magnitudes show a rough tendency of decreasing with the
development of solar cycle. Analysis of strong fields gives an interesting
result: Both and current helicity present a sign opposite to that of
weak fields. Implications of these observations on dynamo theory and helicity
production are also briefly discussed.Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ Lette
A Microscopic Mechanism for Muscle's Motion
The SIRM (Stochastic Inclined Rods Model) proposed by H. Matsuura and M.
Nakano can explain the muscle's motion perfectly, but the intermolecular
potential between myosin head and G-actin is too simple and only repulsive
potential is considered. In this paper we study the SIRM with different complex
potential and discuss the effect of the spring on the system. The calculation
results show that the spring, the effective radius of the G-actin and the
intermolecular potential play key roles in the motion. The sliding speed is
about calculated from the model which well agrees with
the experimental data.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
A Model for Investigating Developmental Eye Repair in Xenopus Laevis
Vertebrate eye development is complex and requires early interactions between neuroectoderm and surface ectoderm during embryogenesis. In the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, individual eye tissues such as the retina and lens can undergo regeneration. However, it has been reported that removal of either the specified eye field at the neurula stage or the eye during tadpole stage does not induce replacement. Here we describe a model for investigating Xenopus developmental eye repair. We found that tailbud embryos can readily regrow eyes after surgical removal of over 83% of the specified eye and lens tissues. The regrown eye reached a comparable size to the contralateral control by 5 days and overall animal development was normal. It contained the expected complement of eye cell types (including the pigmented epithelium, retina and lens), and is connected to the brain. Our data also demonstrate that apoptosis, an early mechanism that regulates appendage regeneration, is also required for eye regrowth. Treatment with apoptosis inhibitors (M50054 or NS3694) blocked eye regrowth by inhibiting caspase activation. Together, our findings indicate that frog embryos can undergo successful eye repair after considerable tissue loss and reveals a required role for apoptosis in this process. Furthermore, this Xenopus model allows for rapid comparisons of productive eye repair and developmental pathways. It can also facilitate the molecular dissection of signaling mechanisms necessary for initiating repair
ALMA Observations of a Candidate Molecular Outflow in an Obscured Quasar
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO (1-0) and
CO (3-2) observations of SDSS J135646.10+102609.0, an obscured quasar and
ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) with two merging nuclei and a known
20-kpc-scale ionized outflow. The total molecular gas mass is M_{mol} ~
9^{+19}_{-6} x 10^8 Msun, mostly distributed in a compact rotating disk at the
primary nucleus (M_{mol} ~ 3 x 10^8 Msun) and an extended tidal arm (M_{mol} ~
5 x 10^8 Msun). The tidal arm is one of the most massive molecular tidal
features known; we suggest that it is due to the lower chance of shock
dissociation in this elliptical/disk galaxy merger. In the spatially resolved
CO (3-2) data, we find a compact (r ~ 0.3 kpc) high velocity (v ~ 500 km/s)
red-shifted feature in addition to the rotation at the N nucleus. We propose a
molecular outflow as the most likely explanation for the high velocity gas. The
outflowing mass of M_{mol} ~ 7 x 10^7 Msun and the short dynamical time of
t_{dyn} ~ 0.6 Myr yield a very high outflow rate of \dot{M}_{mol} ~ 350 Msun/yr
and can deplete the gas in a million years. We find a low star formation rate
(< 16 Msun/yr from the molecular content and < 21 Msun/yr from the far-infrared
spectral energy distribution decomposition) that is inadequate to supply the
kinetic luminosity of the outflow (\dot{E} ~ 3 x 10^43 erg/s). Therefore, the
active galactic nucleus, with a bolometric luminosity of 10^46 erg/s, likely
powers the outflow. The momentum boost rate of the outflow (\dot{p}/(Lbol/c) ~
3) is lower than typical molecular outflows associated with AGN, which may be
related to its compactness. The molecular and ionized outflows are likely two
distinct bursts induced by episodic AGN activity that varies on a time scale of
10^7 yr.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, ApJ accepte
Analisa Kelayakan USAhatani Jagung di Kabupaten Ciamis
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Besarnya biaya dan penerimaan pada USAhatani jagung di Kabupaten Ciamis (2) R/C ratio pada USAhatani jagung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survai dengan mengambil kasus pada komoditi jagung di Kabupaten Ciamis. Teknik penarikan sampel dilaksanakan menggunakan two stage cluster random sampling untuk sampel area dan strata simple random sampling untuk sampel petani. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriptif. Usahatani jagung dianalisis dengan analisis biaya, pendapatan dan R/C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa USAhatani jagung di Kabupaten Ciamis sudah mulai pada USAhatani komersial, dengan teknik budidaya yang masih konvensional, yang pelaksanaannya dipadukan dengan budidaya ternak. R/C yang didapat sebesar 2,22 menunjukkan bahwa USAhatani jagung di Kabupaten Ciamis menguntungkan
Generalized wordlength patterns and strength
Xu and Wu (2001) defined the \emph{generalized wordlength pattern} of an arbitrary fractional factorial design (or orthogonal array) on
factors. They gave a coding-theoretic proof of the property that the design
has strength if and only if . The quantities are
defined in terms of characters of cyclic groups, and so one might seek a direct
character-theoretic proof of this result. We give such a proof, in which the
specific group structure (such as cyclicity) plays essentially no role.
Nonabelian groups can be used if the counting function of the design satisfies
one assumption, as illustrated by a couple of examples
Zigzag edge modes in Z2 topological insulator: reentrance and completely flat spectrum
The spectrum and wave function of helical edge modes in Z_2 topological
insulator are derived on a square lattice using Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ)
model. The BHZ model is characterized by a "mass" term M (k) that is
parameterized as M (k) = Delta - B k^2. A topological insulator realizes when
the parameters Delta and B fall on the regime, either 0 < Delta /B < 4 or 4 <
Delta /B < 8. At Delta /B = 4, which separates the cases of positive and
negative (quantized) spin Hall conductivities, the edge modes show a
corresponding change that depends on the edge geometry. In the (1,0)-edge, the
spectrum of edge mode remains the same against change of Delta /B, although the
main location of the mode moves from the zone center for Delta /B < 4, to the
zone boundary for Delta /B > 4 of the 1D Brillouin zone. In the (1,1)-edge
geometry, the group velocity at the zone center changes sign at Delta /B = 4
where the spectrum becomes independent of the momentum, i.e. flat, over the
whole 1D Brillouin zone. Furthermore, for Delta/B < 1.354..., the edge mode
starting from the zone center vanishes in an intermediate region of the 1D
Brillouin zone, but reenters near the zone boundary, where the energy of the
edge mode is marginally below the lowest bulk excitations. On the other hand,
the behavior of reentrant mode in real space is indistinguishable from an
ordinary edge mode.Comment: 19 pages, 33 figure
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