The role of visfatin levels in gingival crevicular fluid as a potential biomarker in the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease

Objectives: Visfatin is an adipokine that plays an important role in immune functions as a growth factor, enzyme, and pro-inflammatory mediator. We aimed to determine the levels of visfatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in both obese/non-obese patients, with/without generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP). Methodology: Patients were categorized as obese (O) (n=31) or non-obese (nO) (n=19). Groups were divided into four subgroups according to periodontal conditions: (1) periodontally healthy without obesity (nO-Ctrl); (2) GCP without obesity (nO-CP); (3) periodontally healthy with obesity (O-Ctrl); and (4) GCP with obesity (O-CP). Demographic variables, anthropometric and laboratory data were recorded. Periodontal parameters were measured at baseline and 3rd months after either non-surgical periodontal treatment or calorie -restricted diet therapy. At the same time, GCF samples were taken from patients to analyze TNF-alpha, IL-6,and visfatin levels. Results: Periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.001). The visfatin levels of the obese patients were reduceddecreased following the treatments (P<0.05). Cholesterol levels were higher in the O group than in the nO groups (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in O-CP and O-Ctrl groups than in the nO-Ctrl group (P<0.05). Compared to the other groups, visfatin levels were significantly higher in the O-CP group but decreased following treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that visfatin and IL-6 levels in GCF are associated with the pathogenesis of obesity and periodontitis. Within the limits of this study, we considered that there might be an association between the lipid profile and periodontitis on systemically healthy individuals

The efficacy of 8% Arginine-CaCO3 applications on dentine hypersensitivity following periodontal therapy: a clinical and scanning electron microscopic study

Objectives: Periodontal therapy is one of the etiological factors of dentine hypersensitivity (DH). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of %8Arginine-CaCO 3 on DH that affects patients after periodontal treatment. Study design: Seventy-one teeth from the volunteers (n=36) with history of DH caused by periodontal therapy were included in this study, and randomly divided into two groups: group-1, who received 8%Arginine-CaCO 3 and group-2, who received 1.23%NaF-gel. The clinical indices were recorded at first visit.DH was evaluated by using tactile, air-blast, and thermal stimuli. The subject's response was recorded at baseline, immediately (Day-0) and one month after the application. Results and conclusions: The results were statistically analyzed, and it was found that 8% Arginine-CaCO 3 treat - ment was more effective than 1.23% NaF-gel at time intervals. Sensitivity score differences between the groups were statistically significant at Day-28. The 8% Arginine-CaCO 3 group exhibited statistically significant reduc - tion in DH on three stimuli at baseline to Day-28. It was concluded that 8% Arginine-CaCO 3 is more effective than 1.23% NaF-gel in reduction of patients' pain

Histologic and Histomorphometric Assessment of Eggshell-Derived Bone Graft Substitutes on Bone Healing in Rats

Objective: The objective of this study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the efficacy of the new formulations of eggshell-derived calcium carbonate in rats. Study Design: The study was conducted on 30 adult male rats. Four standardized and circular intra-bony defects were created in the both maxilla and mandibula of each animal. Three different graft materials were prepared as follows: 1) Material A: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate combined with carrageenan gel, 2) Material B: Eggshellderived calcium carbonate combined with xanthan gum gel, and 3) Material C: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate powder. The right mandibular defect sites were grafted with Material A in all animals, and defects on the left were grafted with Material B. Defects on the right side of maxilla were received Material C in all animals, and all left maxillary defects were remained untreated as controls. The animals were sacrificed either postoperatively on the 15th day, postoperatively on the 30th day or postoperatively on the 45th day. Histomorphometric measurements were made of the areas of newly formed bone, necrotic bone, fibrous tissue and residual graft material. Results: Material A exhibited the highest level of osteoid formation followed by Material B and Material C on the 45th day. In terms of osteoid formation, statistically significant differences were observed between graft materials and controls at 45th day compared to 15th and 30th day (p<0.05). Conclusions: Eggshell-derived graft substitutes in both gel and powder forms are biocompatible materials which may have the potential to enhance the new bone formation

The adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, light-emitting-diode photobiomodulation and ozone therapy in regenerative treatment of stage III/IV grade C periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES To assess the short-term efficacy of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), light-emitting-diode (LED) photobiomodulation, and topical ozone therapy applications following surgical regenerative treatments on clinical parameters, patient-centered outcomes, and mRNA expression levels of VEGF, IL-6, RunX2, Nell-1, and osterix in gingival crevicular fluid samples in patients with stage III/IV, grade C periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight systemically healthy patients were assigned into four groups to receive adjunctive modalities with regenerative periodontal surgical treatment. A 970 ± 15 nm diode laser plus indocyanine-green for aPDT group, a 626 nm LED for photobiomodulation group, and topical gaseous ozone were applied at 0, 1, 3, and 7 postoperative days and compared to control group. The clinical periodontal parameters, early wound healing index (EHI), and postoperative patients' morbidity were evaluated. The mRNA levels of biomarkers were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS No significant difference in the clinical parameters except gingival recession (GR) was identified among the groups. For group-by-time interactions, plaque index (PI) and probing pocket depths (PD) showed significant differences (p = 0.034; p = 0.022). In sites with initial PD > 7 mm, significant differences were observed between control and photobiomodulation groups in PD (p = 0.011), between control and aPDT, and control and photobiomodulation groups in CAL at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.007; p = 0.022). The relative osterix mRNA levels showed a statistically significant difference among the treatment groups (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS The additional applications of aPDT and LED after regenerative treatment of stage III/IV grade C periodontitis exhibited a more pronounced beneficial effect on clinical outcomes in deep periodontal pockets

Effects of Force Constancy on the Distribution of Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with hybrid and PG retractors, which have differences in constancy of force.Materials and Method:Forty canine teeth of 10 orthodontic patients were distalized with hybrid or PG retractors. The GCF was sampled from the distal sides of the canines at baseline, hour 1, day 1, month 1, and month 2. In the PG group, samples were re-collected 1 hour and 1 day after reactivation at month 1. Two-way ANOVA, paired t test, and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:The IL-1β level increased at hour 1 and month 2 in the upper and lower hybrid groups, whereas upper PG group increased at hour 1, month 1 + 1 hour, and month 2. The TNF-α level increased at hour 1 and declined afterward in the upper hybrid group. The only difference between the 2 retractors was found in TNF-α levels, which were higher at day 1 and month 2 in the upper PG group.Conclusion:Continuous but diminishing forces produced by PG mechanics enhanced levels of TNF-α significantly at day 1 and month 2 compared with the constant and continuous forces applied by the hybrid retractor in the upper arch. Despite this difference, both retractors induced similar effects in IL-1β and TNF-α production and in the amount of tooth movement