Evaluation of childhood Sluggish Cognitive Tempo among patients with substance use disorder, substance-induced psychosis and childhood ADHD

Objective: Substance use disorders (SUDs) include a pathological pattern of behaviors related with the effects of the drug used and are associated with substance-induced psychosis (SIP). Individuals with lower levels of self-control are particularly predisposed to develop SUDs and SIP. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether childhood sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), which is a problem distinct from but related with ADHD, is associated with SUDs and SIP. Method: Fifty-seven SUD patients who had childhood ADHD symptoms and at least one SIP attack were enrolled the study. Patients were evaluated by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS), and SCT Scale. Results: The rate of childhood SCT comorbidity was 63.8%. The total BPRS and conceptual disorganization, motor retardation, unusual thought content, blunted affect, excitement, and disorientation scores were higher in the childhood SCT group. SCT and WURS scores were positively correlated with BPRS scores but WURS scores were correlated with more psychotic symptoms and the correlations were stronger in WURS than SCT except “conceptual disorganization,” “motor retardation.” and “blunted affect.” Using linear regression analysis, we found that both childhood SCT and WURS scores significantly predicted the BPRS total, motor retardation, unusual thought content, blunted affect and excitement scores. Finally, the results of multivariate stepwise regression analyses indicated that tension and guilt significantly predicted WURS while blunted affect and conceptual disorganization predicted SCT scores. Conclusion: Approximately, 7 in 10 patients in this group seem to have had childhood SCT. SCT patients showed more proneness to psychotic symptoms when compared with others. In addition, there was a relationship between blunted affect, conceptual disorganization, and SCT

How women with intimate partner violence (IPV) reason about other's intentions: effect of IPV on counterfactual inferences among healthy high socioeconomic level women from Turkey

Background: Counterfactual thinking (CFT) is a specific type of human thought involving mental representations of alternatives to past situations by perceiving the immediate environment from an imagined perspective. CFT problems and deficits in counterfactual inference ability are related to psychopathologies. Objective: We aimed to assess the CFT in a sample of high sociocultural-healthy women with and without intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure to determine whether exposure to different types of IPV has effects on CFT. Methods: Three hundred thirty-six women recruited the study. Data was collected by Violence Exposure Questionnaire and Counterfactual Inference Test. Results: Compared with non-victims, physical IPV victims significantly generate fewer counterfactual thoughts when faced with a simulated scenario. In addition, the reaction of rumination (judgemental) in response to a temporal nearly happened event was significantly lower among both physical and emotional IPV victims. Among victims, deficits in the CIT is positively correlated with the number of physical, emotional and economic abuses but the degree of correlations were weak. Discussion: We demonstrated that IPV exposure is severe in healthy women at the high socioeconomic level and is associated with the decrease in CFT ability

Modeling of Inverse Kinematic Analysis of Open-Source Medical Assist Robot Arm by Python

Today, the epidemic diseases such as COVID-19 spreads very fast in the globalizing world and lethal effects on human health have had a noticeable effect on the health sector. For this situations, various disciplines have had different studies to minimize the effects of the epidemic. In such cases, it is a separate requirement that the use of the opportunities brought by technology. In this study, the kinematic analysis of the open-source robot arm was especially examined in terms of reducing the workload of individuals working in the healthcare sector. The open-source robot arm is articulated and has 5 degrees of freedom. The kinematic analysis is very important for determination of the working space of the robotic systems. The inverse kinematic analysis was done with Python programming language and the control module was developed to check the analysis. The control module shows the angle values depending on the joints of the robot arm. It is also shown the Px, Py, and Pz positions obtained depending on the position of the end effector in 3D space. On the other hand, Euler angle values are also specified, which are based on the position of the last position taken by the joints of the robot arm in the 3D space. In the study, the geometric approach method was used that is still popular in the inverse kinematic analysis. It is hoped that this study will inspire the development and use of professional and industrial kinds of the open-source robot arm

Intimate partner violence (IPV) types are common among Turkish women from high socioeconomic status and have differing effects on child abuse and contentment with life

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is an important public health problem. In this study, we aimed to investigate the exposure of IPV types, child abuse and decrease in life contentment of married women from high socioeconomic status in Turkey. Methods: Data were collected using an online/written questionnaire and Contentment with Life Scale. The questionnaire included definitions of physical, emotional, economic and sexual IPV and asked how many times they experienced these types of abuse. Results: We found that physical, emotional, economic and sexual IPV exposure were 19%, 45.2%, 12.5%, and 6%, respectively, which suggest that IPV types were common in this group, too. Physical child abuse was higher among physical and emotional IPV victims (p=0004, p=0.02, respectively), while emotional child abuse was higher only among physical IPV victims (p=0.01). On the other hand, exposure to economic and sexual IPV was not related to any type of child abuse in this sample (p>0.05). Physical and economic IPV victims were statistically older (p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively), married for longer time (p<0.001 for both) and had relatively lower education level (p<0.001 for both), while sexual IPV victims had lower education level than non-victims (p=0.03). We demonstrated that physical-emotional and sexual intramarital IPV significantly reduce the women's contentment with life scores when compared with non-victims (p=0.02, p<0.001 and p=0.03, respectively). Conclusion: IPV exposure is also severe among married women with high socioeconomic levels and is associated with child abuse in the family and a decrease in life contentment. Lengthened education period among women with similar socioeconomic levels may be an additional protective factor for IPV by delaying the age of marriage and increasing the individual income

Methylphenidate and central precocious puberty: a probable side effect among seven children with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most preferred drug for treatment of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we aimed to discuss the possible effects and mechanisms of MPH on precocious puberty (PP) via a case series with seven children who had normal body mass index. In this case series we evaluated seven children with ADHD, who had received MPH for at least 6 months (0.5 mg/kg/dose three times a day, maximum 60 mg) and admitted to Department of Pediatric Endocrinology with PP symptoms. The mean age was 8.16 years. Basal hormonal levels (luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone, and estrogen/testosterone) were within normal range. Results of LH-releasing hormone stimulation tests demonstrated central pubertal responses. Glutamine, dopamine and noradrenaline are most important excitatory neurotransmitters that have a role at the beginning of puberty. The effect of MPH, cumulating dopamine and noradrenaline in the synaptic gap could be associated with the acceleration of puberty with the excitatory effect of dopamine’s gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, excitatory effect of noradrenaline’s GnRH release and the disappearance of GnRH receptor expression suppressor effect on prolactin disinhibitory effect

Voices of adolescent incest victims: a qualitative study on feelings about trauma and expectations of recovery

Background: Incest, is a serious social problem facing society and children/adolescents themselves. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adolescents talk about and give meaning to their experiences of incest concerning cultural, ethnic factors relevant to southeastern of Turkey. Method: We focused on in-depth interviews of five incest victims (14-16 years girls, from low socioeconomic status in southeastern of Turkey). Results: Four key themes were constructed from the qualitative analysis: 1. Unable to understand/Delayed meaning-making: Adolescents provided definitive information about the first abuse memory but they were also unable to understand what they had experienced so they delayed meaning making. 2. Dysfunctional coping style with the incest: Adolescents told that they threatened the perpetrators in various phases of incest. 3. Avoidance of eye contact by the perpetrator: We recognized that perpetrators avoided social contact with the victim. This theme evokes dehumanizing of women during incest. 4. The urge to destroy happy memories: This theme presents data on the adolescents' expectations about recovery. Conclusion: According to the themes, two fundamental therapeutic precepts could guide the treatment process for adolescent girl incest survivors: 1. Exploration of the delayed meaning making: Therapist could address dysfunctional family functioning and explain that it is normal for a child to be delayed in meaning making. 2. Recovery of the adolescent's lost self after semantic dehumanization in abuses: Therapist should help her to dispute irrational beliefs about worthlessness and to gain control of her body

Sahabe Tefsirinde Luğavi Yönelim

Sahabe Kur’an’ı tefsir ederken son derece dikkatli davranmış; bu hususta çeşitli yöntemler kullanmıştır. Bu yöntemler genellikle ifade edildiği üzere Kur’an’ın Kur’an’la, Kur’an’ın sünnetle ve Kur’an’ın Arap Dili ile tefsir edilmesidir. Re’y ile tefsir olarak nitelendirebileceğimiz bu son yöntem sahabilerin tefsirde sıklıkla başvurdukları yöntemlerden birisi olup günümüze değin etkinliğini korumaya devam etmiştir. Kur’an ilimleri içerisinde yer alan müteşabihat, mübhemat Arap dilinin verileri kullanılarak izah edilmiş; bu husus dilin tefsirde başat rol oynadığını göstermesi bakımından ehemmiyet arz etmiştir. Sahabiler çoğunlukla Arap olmaları vesilesiyle her ne kadar aynı bilgi ve kültür birikimine sahip olmasalar da dilin selikasına, fesahat ve belağatına aşinalıkları dolayısıyla Kur’an’ı yorumlarken; dilin söz varlığını, bunun yanı sıra söz sanatlarını dikkate almışlardır. O gün bugünkü anlamda söz sanatının adı konulmamış olsa bile onlar bunun farkında olan seçkin insanlar olarak Kur’an’ı tefsir etmişlerdir. Bu makalede sahabenin yaptığı luğavi tefsir üzerinde durulacak, ayetler üzerinde yaptıkları dilsel açık-t lamalar ve istişhadlarına yer verilecektir. Ayrıca Arap Dili ve Belağatına vukufiyetleri dolayısıyla tefsir ettikleri ayetlerde kullandıkları araçlar ele alınacaktır. Bu makalede luğavi tefsirin sahabe ile başladığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır

Dağın öteki yüzü: Sûfî tefsirde dağ metaforu

Kur’an-ı Kerim’de yerkürenin çalkalanmadan yerinde durabilmesi için yeryüzüne çakılan kazıklar olarak nitelenen dağların birer denge unsuru olarak yaratıldıkları bildirilmektedir. Birer denge unsuru olmakla birlikte dağlar, doğal su depoları işlevini görmeleri, içlerinde birçok doğal zenginlik barındırmaları nedeniyle insan yaşamına maddi anlamda da değer katmış, önemli bir role sahip olmuşlardır. Taşıdıkları manevi değerle de dağlar dinler tarihinde de önemli bir fonksiyona sahiptir. Birçok dini gelenekte kutsalın merkezi kabul edilen dağlar, vahyin indiği mistik mekânlardır. Ayrıca tanrının tecelli ettiği ilahi güçle donatılmış yerler olarak görülmektedirler. Gücün ve ihtişamın sembolü olan dağlar, yükseklik ve yücelikleriyle Allah’ın azametini vurgulayan güç olarak tezahür etmekte; insanın kibrini kırma noktasında örnek olarak gösterilmektedir. Bunun dışında Kur’ân’da başka özellikleriyle anılan dağlara emanet arz edilmiş, fakat onlar bunu reddetmişlerdir. Kur’an’ın indirilmesinden de haşyet ve korku duymuşlardır. Hz. Musa dağda vahye mazhar olmuş, Allah’la sözleşme yeri olarak kendisine dağ mekân seçilmiştir. Kezâ Hz. Peygambere dağ ilk vahyin ev sahipliğini yapmıştır. Allah’ın azametinin sembolü olan dağlar Kur’ân’da farklı bağlamlarda çeşitli kelimelerle nüans oluşturacak şekilde kullanılmıştır. Dağların mezkûr bu özellikleri onlarla ilgili ayetlerin anlaşılmasında metaforik yorumların oluşmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu makalede Kur’ân’da dağın kavramsal alanı ve sûfî tefsîrde kendini tebarüz ettiren metaforik yorumlara yer verilecektir