Heel Pain

Topuk ağrısı, toplumda yaygın olarak görülen ve klinisyenlerle hasta popülasyonunu sıkça karşı karşıya getiren klinik bir durumdur. Topuk ağrısının lokal ve sistemik etkenler başlığı altında bir çok nedeni olabilir. Yumuşak doku kökenli lokal ağrı nedenleri arasında başta plantar fasiit, topuk yağ yastığı atrofisi olmak üzere tendinopatiler, tuzak nöropatiler ve bursit sayılabilir. Lokal kemik doku nedenleri arasında ise öncelikle haglund deformitesi, apofizit ve kalkaneus stres kırıkları sayılabilir. Sistemik nedenler etiyolojide çok fazla yer almazlarHeel pain is a frequent problem confronted by clinicians. Various local or systemic irregularities can cause heel pain. Local causes arising from soft tissue are mainly plantar fasciitis, heel fat pad atrophy tendinopathies trap neuropathies and bursitis.Local tissue irregularities causing heel pain are mainly heglund deformity apophysitis and calcaneus stress fractures . Systemic causes are not frequent in the etiology of heel pai

Evaluation of Dynamic Postural Balance in Pediatric Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients

Aim:Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory and chronic disorder. Colchicine has been prescribed to treat FMF since 1972. Balance is a complex function of the neuromuscular system. The aim of this study is to determine 1) if there is a connection between FMF and dynamic balance, 2) if colchicine use affects balance, and 3) if the disease severity score is related to a disruption in balance.Materials and Methods:The study examined 50 pediatric patients with FMF and 130 healthy age- and sex-matched children as control subjects. Dynamic postural stability was measured using the Biodex Stability System (BSS).Results:The stability indices were significantly higher in the FMF group than in the controls. There was no relationship between the FMF disease severity score and the three stability indices, while the colchicine dose was related to all three stability indices.Conclusion:By detecting any change in balance status early using a simple, safe, objective measurement of balance via the BSS in FMF patients, neuromyopathy could be identified earlier and unwanted outcomes prevented

İslam hukukunda emek şirketi

Bu araştırma, insan hayatında önemli bir yeri olan okulöncesi dönemde "sosyalleşme problemlerini" ortaya koymayı ve okulöncesi çocuğunun sosyal gelişimini; gelişim süreci çerçevesinde incelemeyi, böylece bu alanla ilgili literatüre katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Sosyalleşme bir uyum prosesidir. Geçmiş kuşakların mirası olan kültürü, yetişen yeni kuşaklara aktararak toplum içinde, birlikte ve aynı ülküler etrafında yaşamayı ifade eder. O zaman, sosyalleşme öğretme-öğrenme ve kabul süreçlerini içine almaktadır. Okulöncesi dönem, insan hayatında öğrenmenin en hızlı olduğu ve öğrenilenlerin ilk bilgiler olması nedeniyle öğrenilenlerin kabul edildiği bir dönemi içine alır. Araştırma okulöncesi dönemde anaokuluna gitmiş ve anaokuluna gitmemiş ilkokul birinci sınıfı kapsamaktadır. Bu dönem 0-6 yaş çocuklarını içine almaktadır. Okulöncesi dönemde birey, içinde yaşadığı toplumun kültürünü, istenilen davranışları öğrenme sürecine girmesi ve aile dışına atılan ilk adımlarla da sosyalleşmenin temellerinin atıldığı dönem olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırma, konu ile ilgili literatür taraması ve anket uygulaması şeklindedir. Anket sonuçlarından elde edilen veriler, anaokulu eğitimi almış çocuklarla anaokulu eğitimi almamış çocukların "yüzdelik" karşılaştırma yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Yüzdelikler tablolarla gösterilmiştir. Araştırma anaokulu eğitimi aldıktan sonra ilk okula başlamış ve anaokulu eğitimi almadan ilkokula başlamış çocukların sosyalleşme düzeylerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelediğinden anaokulunun çocuğa kazandırdığı davranışları ölçmemizi sağlayarak bu alana katkı sağlayabilir

Alternating-current losses in two-layer superconducting cables consisting of second-generation superconductors coated by U-shaped ferromagnetic materials

Cicek, Ahmet/0000-0002-7686-0045WOS: 000329565500080Alternating-current losses in a two-layer superconducting cable, each layer being composed of 15 closely-spaced rectangular wires made up of second-generation superconductors when the ends of wires are coated by either a non-magnetic or strong ferromagnetic material having a U profile is numerically investigated. Computations are carried out through the finite-element method. the alternating-current losses do not increase significantly if the relative permeability of the coating is increased three orders of magnitude, provided that the current amplitude is less than half of the critical current in a superconducting wire. However, the losses are much higher for ferromagnetic coating if the amplitude of the applied current oscillating at 50 Hz is close to the critical current. the ferromagnetic coating is seen to accumulate the magnetic field lines normally on its surfaces, while the field lines are parallel to the long axes of the wires, leading to more significant flux penetration in the coated regions. This facilitates a uniform low-loss current flow in the uncoated regions of the wires. in contrast, coating with a non-magnetic material gives rise to a considerably smaller current flow in the uncoated regions, whereas the low-loss flow is maintained in the coated regions. Moreover, the current flows in opposite directions in the coated and uncoated regions, where the direction in each region is converse for the two materials.Fund from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110T876]Project supported by the Fund from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Grant No. 110T876)

Bone-minerale metabolism disorders (renal osteodystrophy) in chronic kidney disease and treatment approach

Kronik böbrek hastalığında devam eden parankim kaybı nedeniyle böbrek fonksiyonları azaldıkça kemik-mineral metabolizmasında bozulmalar olmaktadır. Bu durumu oluşturan temel neden sekonder hiperparatiroididir ve bu tabloya da renal osteodistrofi denilmektedir. Bu tabloda vitamin D eksikliği, fosfat retansiyonu, hipokalsemi, sekonder hiperparatiroidinin oluşturduğu mineral metabolizması bozukluğu, kemik yapısında bozulma ile beraber vasküler ve/veya yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonları, metastatik kalsifikasyonlar söz konusudur. Renal osteodistrofi kronik böbrek hastalarında hem yaşam kalitesini düşürmesi hem de yaşam süresini kısaltıyor olması nedeniyle önem arz etmektedirWhen renal functions decrease with the ongoing parenchymal loss in chronic renal disease impairement of bone- mineral metabolism occurs. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is there all cause of this situation, and this case is called renal osteodystrophia. In this disease there are vitamin D deficiency, phosphate retension, hypocalcemia, mineral metabolism impairement due to secondary hyperparathyroidism, disturbance in the bone structure and vascular and/or soft tissue calcification, metastatic calcifications. Renal osteodystrophia is important in chronic kidney disease patients as it not only disturbs the quality of life of the patients but also decreases the survey of the patient

The Comparison of Bone Mineral Density Between Postmenopausal Women and Elderly Women

Aim: The aim of our study is comparison of bone mineral density (BMD) between postmenopausal non-geriatric (age 45-64) and elderly women (age >65). Materials and Methods: In this study, 457 postmenopausal non-elderly and 99 elderly women whom have been measured BMD at Gaziosmanpaşa University Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic between January 2010 - December 2012 were received for evaluation. Two patient group were compared for age, body mass index (BMI), menopause period, value of BMD of hip and lomber spine, and presence of osteoporosis. Results: The mean age of elderly and non-elderly women was detected 70.3±5.1 and 53.9±5.4 years, respectively (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between two groups when the height, weight and BMI were compared (p>0.05). Menopause period was found higher in elderly women than non-elderly (p<0.001). The value of BMD of lomber spine and hip was detected 0.86±0.17 and 0.87±0.13 g/cm2 in elderly women, and 0.93±0.13 and 0.95±0.14 g/cm2 in non-elderly women. And significant difference was found between these two groups (p<0.001). Osteoporosis was determined in 45.5% of elderly women and 20.1% of non-elderly women, and significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The value of BMD was detected lower in elderly women than non-elderly women, in parallel with this situation, rate of osteoporosis was found higher in elderly women. Reduction in value of BMD begins with menopause. In addition, this reduction also accelerates with the advancement of age and the effects of senility. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2012;18: 86-8

Evaluation of Muscle Performance in Patients with Vitamin D De ciency: Preliminary Study

Aim: Vitamin D de ciency is very common in general population and has potentially harmful effect on musculoskeletal system. We aimed to show the effect of vitamin D de ciency on the muscle performance by using isokinetic test. Meterial and Methods: This study includes 12 women with vitamin D de ciency for patient group and 12 healthy women for control group. We compared knee muscles performance of these two groups by using isokinetic test. Results: The mean age was 40.71 (26-57) years in patients and 41.43 (28-58) years in healthy group. There was no statistical difference between two groups at knee exion and extension pick-torque values in 60°/s velocity and fatigue index in 180°/s velocity (respectively, p1=0.86, p2=0.12, p3=0.42). Conclusion: Vitamin D de ciency has no effect on muscle performance. Further invastigations that evaluating larger populations are needed. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2013;19: 17-9

Numerical study of AC loss of two-layer HTS power transmission cables composed of coated conductors with a ferromagnetic substrate

This work includes the simulation of hysteretic AC losses in two-layer HTS power transmission cables made of second-generation high-temperature superconducting tapes with a ferromagnetic substrate subject to an oscillating AC transport current, calling upon the COMSOL Multiphysics nite-element software program and exploiting an AC/DC module. How the AC transport loss is in uenced by the arrangement of tapes, as well as the optimized design of superconducting power cables based on YBCO-coated conductors, are investigated. According to the radial arrangement of the tapes, four different orientations of ferromagnetic substrate are considered: 1) out-in (substrate of inner/outer layer facing outward/inward), 2) in-out (substrate of inner/outer layer facing inward/outward), 3) in-in (substrates of both inner and outer layers facing inward), and 4) out-out (substrates of both inner and outer layers facing outward). We found that the AC loss of the superconducting layer for the out-in arrangement is the lowest. We also compare our calculations with experimental results.This work includes the simulation of hysteretic AC losses in two-layer HTS power transmission cables made of second-generation high-temperature superconducting tapes with a ferromagnetic substrate subject to an oscillating AC transport current, calling upon the COMSOL Multiphysics nite-element software program and exploiting an AC/DC module. How the AC transport loss is in uenced by the arrangement of tapes, as well as the optimized design of superconducting power cables based on YBCO-coated conductors, are investigated. According to the radial arrangement of the tapes, four different orientations of ferromagnetic substrate are considered: 1) out-in (substrate of inner/outer layer facing outward/inward), 2) in-out (substrate of inner/outer layer facing inward/outward), 3) in-in (substrates of both inner and outer layers facing inward), and 4) out-out (substrates of both inner and outer layers facing outward). We found that the AC loss of the superconducting layer for the out-in arrangement is the lowest. We also compare our calculations with experimental results