Short Paper: Automatic Configuration for an Optimal Channel Protection in Virtualized Networks

Data confidentiality, integrity and authentication are security properties which are often enforced with the generation of secure channels, such as Virtual Private Networks, over unreliable network infrastructures. Traditionally, the configuration of the systems responsible of encryption operations is performed manually. However, the advent of software-based paradigms, such as Software-Defined Networking and Network Functions Virtualization, has introduced new arms races. In particular, even though network management has become more flexible, the increased complexity of virtual networks is making manual operations unfeasible and leading to errors which open the path to a large number of cyber attacks. A possible solution consists in reaching a trade-off between flexibility and complexity, by automatizing the configuration of the channel protection systems through policy refinement. In view of these considerations, this paper proposes a preliminary study for an innovative methodology to automatically allocate and configure channel protection systems in virtualized networks. The proposed approach would be based on the formulation of a MaxSMT problem and it would be the first to combine automation, formal verification and optimality in a single technique

(Z)-6-Hy­droxy-1a,5-dimethyl-8-[(morpholin-4-yl)meth­yl]-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octa­hydro­oxireno[2′,3′:9,10]cyclo­deca­[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one

The title compound, C19H29NO5, was synthesized from 9α-hy­droxy­parthenolide (9α-hy­droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methylen-3,14-dioxatricyclo­[9.3.0.02,4]tetra­dec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol­ecule is built up from two fused five- and ten-membered rings with the (morpholin-4-yl)methyl group as a substituent. The five-membered lactone ring has an envelope conformation, whereas the ten-membered and the morpholine rings display approximate chair–chair and chair conformations, respectively. The dihedral angle between the ten-membered ring and the lactone ring is 27.93 (6)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter­actions. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond also occurs

10α-Hy­droxy-4,9-dimethyl-13-[(4-phenyl­piperazin-1-yl)meth­yl]-3,8,15-trioxatetra­cyclo­[10.3.0.02,4.07,9]tetra­decan-14-one

The title compound, C25H34N2O5, was synthesized from 9α-hy­droxy­parthenolide (9α-hy­droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methyl­ene-3,14-dioxatricyclo­[9.3.0.02,4]tetra­dec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol­ecule contains a fused five- and ten-membered ring system. The ten-membered ring adopts an approximate chair–chair conformation, while the five-membered ring is in an envelope conformation, with the C atom closest to the hy­droxy group forming the flap. The piperazine ring is in a chair conformation. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect mol­ecules into chains along [100]. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are also present

9α-Acet­oxy-1β,10α-ep­oxy­parthenolide

The title compound, C17H22O6, was semi-synthesized from 9-hy­droxy­arthenolide, which was isolated from the chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol­ecule contains fused five- and ten-membered rings: the five-membered lactone ring has a twisted conformation, whereas the ten-membered ring displays an approximate chair–chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the rings is 24.76 (9)°

9-Hy­droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-(piperidin-1-ylmeth­yl)-3,14-dioxatricyclo­[9.3.0.02,4]tetra­dec-7-en-13-one

The title compound, C20H31NO4, was synthesized from 9α-hy­droxy­parthenolide (9α-hy­droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methylen-3,14-dioxa-tricyclo­[9.3.0.02,4]tetra­dec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol­ecule is built up from fused five-and ten-membered rings with the pipyridin-1-yl-methyl group as a substituent. The ten-membered ring adopts an approximate chair–chair conformation, while the six-membered ring display a chair conformation and the five-membered ring an envelope conformation with the C(H)–C–C(H) atom at the flap. The dihedral angle between the ten-membered ring and the lactone ring is 21.7 (4)°. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an O—H⋯N hydrogen bond and the crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions

10α-Hy­droxy-4,9-dimethyl-13-(pipyridin-1-ylmethyl)-3,8,15-trioxatetra­cyclo­[10.3.0.02,4.07,9]tetra­decan-14-one

The title compound, C20H31NO5, was synthesized from 9α-hy­droxy­parthenolide (9α-hy­droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methylen-3,14-dioxa-tricyclo­[9.3.0.02,4]tetra­dec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol­ecule is built up from fused five-and ten-membered rings with the pipyridin-1-yl-methyl group as a substituent. The ten-membered ring adopts an approximate chair–chair conformation, while the six- and five-membered rings display chair and envelope conformations, respectively. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the ten-membered ring and the lactone ring is 20.8 (3)°. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen-bond occurs. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

9β-Hy­droxy-1β,10α-ep­oxy­parthenolide

The title compound, C15H20O5 (systematic name: 5-hydroxy-1a,4a-dimethyl-7-methyleneperhydrodioxireno[5,6:9,10]cyclo­deca[1,2-b]furan-8-one), was obtained by the reaction of 3-chloro­perbenzoic acid with 9β-hy­droxy­parthenolide. The five-membered ring adopts a twist conformation, whereas the ten-membered ring displays an approximate chair–chair conformation. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into chains propagating along the b axis by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

5,8-Dimethyl-3-methyl­ene-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,5a,6,8a,8b-octa­hydro-2H-1-oxa-s-indacene-5-carbaldehyde

The title compound, C15H18O3, was synthesized from 9α-hy­droxy­parthenolide (9α-hy­droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methyl­ene-3,14-dioxatricyclo­[9.3.0.02,4]tetra­dec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The five-membered lactone ring has a twisted conformation, while the six- and five-membered rings display chair and envelope conformations, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two five-membered rings is 50.57 (11)°

10α-Hy­droxy-4,9-dimethyl-13-(morph­o­lin-4-ylmeth­yl)-3,8,15-trioxatetra­cyclo­[10.3.0.02,4.07,9]penta­decan-14-one

The title compound, C19H29NO6, was synthesized from 9α-hy­droxy­parthenolide (9α-hy­droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methyl­ene-3,14-dioxatricyclo­[9.3.0.02,4]tetra­dec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol­ecule contains a fused five- and ten-membered ring system. The ten-membered ring adopts an approximate chair–chair conformation, while the five-membered ring is in an envelope conformation, with the C atom closest to the hy­droxy group forming the flap. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the mol­ecules into layers parallel to (001). An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond is also present

(1S,2R,3R,8R,10S)-3-Chloro-2,8-dihy­droxy-3,7-dimethyl-11-methyl­idene-13-oxabicyclo­[8.3.0]tridec-6-en-12-one

The title compound, C15H21ClO4, was synthesized from 9α-hy­droxy­parthenolide (9α-hy­droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methylen-3,14-dioxatricyclo­[9.3.0.02,4]tetra­dec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloro­form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol­ecule is built up from fused five- and ten-membered rings. The five-membered lactone ring has an envelope conformation with the flap atom, C(H)-C-C(H), displaced by 0.2325 (15) Å from the mean plane through the remaining four atoms, whereas the ten-membered ring displays an approximate chair–chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two rings is 66.4 (2)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains propagating along the a axis by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds