Critical Review on Waqf Experiences: Lessons From Muslim and Non-Muslim

The purpose of this paper is to critically assess current practices in waqf institution based on Middle East, Asia and some selected non-Muslim countries experience. Muslims countries have their own ways of managing waqf. Some ways are similar to one another and some are different. The methodology used in this study is in depth review analysis of the literature of waqf practices in various countries. The paper could conclude that differences of waqf institution based on legal factors, historic of establishment and current implementation. The paper identifies, that the objective establishment of Waqf institution is benefit to the society and development of the country. This paper is based on critical analysis review of the waqf experiences literature review in selected countries. Future research might integrate this review with empirical methodology. There is a limit number of countries waqf experiences have been included in this study, future research might include more experiences. In term of the implications of findings, it hopes that the findings give more comprehensive and cross countries picture of waqf experience and practice. Which is, it will assist the related waqf regulators in the evaluation process of waqf management practices and determine best practice as well set up a benchmark waqf management practices

EXPLOSION OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUSES AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AS A RESULT OF HEMODIALYSIS CRISIS IN YEMEN

Objective: The United Nations considers the situation in Yemen to be the worst humanitarian crisis in the world. In the midst of this, the fastest-spreading viral infection among HD patients was recorded. Therefore, this cohort study based in HD unit was conducted in Dhamar Hospital to estimate the outbreak of hepatitis B and C viruses among dialysis patients during the dialysis crisis in Yemen. Methods: All the patients who continuous go through hemodialysis from January 2018 to December 2018 and they were free from HBV/HCV infections at the start of the study (January 2018) were included. Patients who were discontinued from dialysis before the end of the year due to death or relocation were excluded from the study. Patients were tested for anti-HCV antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at study start (January 2018) then at the end of the follow up (December 2018). The individual’s data were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire including; demographic data of HD frequency, and laboratory results. Results: The study included 202 patients, 20 (9.9%), 18 (8.9%) and 6 (2.97%) were found to be infected with HCV, HBV and Co-HBV/HCV infection respectively. There was significant association between rise of HCV rate and younger patient age, and high frequency of dialysis.  Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection and HBV / HCV infection in haemodialysis patients in our surroundings one year after HD was extremely common and lead to disaster for HD patients. This catastrophe is due to the lack or limited availability of materials and tools for dialysis and laboratory materials for virus tests due to the unfair siege on Yemen from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and the closure of Sana'a airport, which is the only entrance to medicines.    Peer Review History: Received 24 September 2019;   Revised 12 October; Accepted 1 November, Available online 15 November 2019 Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, [email protected]  UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohammed Sadeg Abdullah Al-Awar, Physiology & Histopathology Queen Arwa University and Amran University, Yemen, [email protected] Dr. Heba-Tallah Ahmed  Mohamed Moustafa, Heliopolis University Cairo, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HEPATITIS B, C, HIV AND TREPONEMA PALLIDUM AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN HODEIDA CITY- YEMEN PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS G VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, SANA'A CITY-YEMEN PREVALENCE AND GENOTYPING OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND EVALUATION OF HCV-CORE ANTIGEN TEST IN SCREENING PATIENTS FOR DIALYSIS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN PREVALENCE AND POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN A SAMPLE OF CHILDREN IN TWO SELECTED AREAS IN YEME

DEPRESSION SCREENING IN THE FAMILY PRACTICE

Introduction: Depression is considered one of the major health issue worldwide. There are many categories such as depressive disorder (MDD), persistent depressive disorder, and other subsyndromal disorders, are crucial causes of morbidity and mortality and an indirect cause of mortality. It is a worldwide problem that is affecting the United States as well. The prevalence of depression is suggested to be more than ten percent. In US, the twelve month prevalence for depressive disorders is nine percent, and three percent for major depression.1 The data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) suggested that about seven percent of the US population aged 12 and older had moderate or severe depressive.2 The worldwide data show about 350 million people affected by depressive disorders, making it 1 of the top three causes of morbidity as measured by disability-adjusted life-years. 3 The moderate and severe depression is linked to significant consequences on quality of life, especially the social, work, and family life. People with moderate or severe depressive symptoms were seen to be more likely to report difficulties in these aspects of life, in comparison to those with symptoms.2 Depression have financial economic burden, suggested in the United States.4 Depressive disorders in adults begin to increase in prevalence in those ages twenty, and remians to increase into middle age, with females more likely to be affected than males. In the US, people living below the poverty level are more than twice as likely to have moderate or severe depressive symptoms as those with higher incomes. After taking into consideration income, depressive symptom prevalence does not vary significantly across different races or ethnic groups. Depression is common in those who are unmarried, divorced, or widowed, in comparison to those who are married; in those who have suffered traumatic life events; and in those with a family history of depression.2 But, rates of depression continue to be significant even in those without these risk factors. Depression is also associated with increased risk from other comorbid conditions, involving cardiovascular disease.5 Sadly, more than seventy percent of patients who screen positive for depression do not receive management.6Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss, depression screening in the family practice Methodology: We did a systematic search for depression screening in the family practice using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). We only included full articles. The terms used in the search were: Depression, screening, family practice, managementConclusions: Depression is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It usually goes without recognition or effective treatment. Screening has the ability to improve detection of depression. Coupled with a strong system for management that uses collaborative care, screening has the ability to decrease symptoms and improve quality of life and functional status. Despite evidence of efficacy, depression screening continues to be incompletely implemented. Healthcare providers who wish to improve their effectiveness in implementation should apply a standard office approach to screening and diagnostic confirmation, followed by shared decision-making about treatment options. Providers also should develop a standard approach for follow-up to ensure treatment effectiveness. The most efficient approaches involve a multidisciplinary team, and use both inpatient and outpatient care. Key words: Depression, screening, family practice, managemen