Methodology and Approach of Sheikh Abdulaziz Salem Samurai: Islamic Jurisprudence and Al-Asifiyah School As a Model Study

Praise be to Allah, praying and blessing are due the Prophet Muhammad and his household and companions. This paper considers Sheikh Abdulazeez Salem Al-Samarrai’s approach in Islamic Jurisprudence. Focusing on the fundamentalist approach adopted in Al-Asifiya school, I pay especial attention to the Sheikh's message with regards to Jurisprudence fundamentals, as well as the rest of the books taught by the Sheikh in the school. I also consider how his syllabus was adopted by the school in order to confer an accredited certificate for the alumni of the school, which has produced some of the finest scholars and professors in the nation. Keywords: Abdulaziz, Al-Asifiyah, Method, Islamic Jurisprudence, Samarra

DC-SIGN Receptor Level in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Baghdad; Serological study

التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي هو أحد أمراض المناعة الذاتية الالتهابية الجهازية التي ترتبط ارتباطًا وثيقًا بتدمير الغضاريف والعظام. يعد DC-SIGN من مستقبلات C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) المهمة و يعبر على سطح الخلايا المتغصنة و البلعمية  و له  دور اساسي في تنظيم المناعة الفطرية والمكتسبة ،  كما يعمل كمستقبل للتعرف على الأنماط و ايضا كجزيئة التصاق. أثبتت الدراسات تورط الـ DC-SIGN في الفسيولوجية المرضية للالتهابات المزمنة، لذلك تم ربط علاقة الـ DC-SIGN بالعديد من امراض المناعة الذاتية، لذا قد تلعب عاملاً ومؤشرًا أساسيًا في التسبب وتطورمرض التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي. لذا الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد المستوى المصلي للـ DC-SIGN في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، وكذلك دراسة المستوى المصلي للـ DC-SIGN اعتماداً على الخصائص الديموغرافية للمرضى. شملت الدراسة خمسون مريضا عراقيا يعاني من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، وتضمنت الدراسة ايضا عينة سيطرة لاشخاص اصحاء (تم التأكد عن طريق الفحوصات السريرية والمختبرية)، وتمت مطابقتهم حسب الجنس والعمر والعرق مع المرضى. تم حساب تركيز DC-SIGN في مصل المرضى ومقارنته بالسيطرة باستخدام اختبار ELISA وأظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية في مستوى مصل DC-SIGN (12.047 ± 1.114 مقابل 6.863 ± 0.806 نانوغرام / مل) في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي مقارنة بالسيطرة. وعند ربط النتائج، تبين أن تركيز DC-SIGN في المصل لم يسجل فرقًا معنوياً بين الجنس والعمر وكذلك الحال لمجاميع الدم. و لتحديد تأثير الحالة العلاجية لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي على مستوى DC-SIGN ، وجد أن تركيز مستوى DC-SIGN كان أعلى في المرضى الغير المعالجين مقارنة بالمرضى المعالجين. و عندما أجريت دراسة على مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي المصابين بـ SARS-CoV-2 ، لم يظهر مستوى مصل DC-SIGN في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي و المصابين بـ COVID-19 أي تغيير في تركيز DC-SIGN مقارنة بمرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي الغير مصابين.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is an autoimmune, and inflammatory disease that is closely related to the destruction of cartilage and bone. DC-SIGN are important types of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), expressed on dendritic cells and macrophages, and have a central role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, function as pattern recognition receptors, and as cell adhesion molecules. Recent evidence has demonstrated that DC-SIGN is involved in the pathophysiological of chronic inflammation, so DC-SIGN has been linked to several autoimmune and may play an essential indicator in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the serum level of DC-SIGN in RA patients, as well as the level of DC-SIGN based on demographic characteristics. Fifty Iraqi RA patients were enrolled in the study, and a control sample of 38 healthy individuals (ascertain by laboratory and clinical tests) were included and matched by gender, age, and ethnicity with the patients. The DC-SIGN concentration was calculated in the patients’ serum and compared to control using the ELISA assay and the results revealed significantly increased serum level of DC-SIGN (12.047 ± 1.114 vs. 6.863 ± 0.806 ng/ml) was recorded in RA patients compared to controls. When correlating results, it was shown that the concentration of DC-SIGN in the serum did not record a significant difference between gender and age, as well as the blood groups. To determine the impact of the therapeutic status in RA patients on the DC-SIGN level, it was found that the concentration of DC-SIGN level was higher in untreated patients compared to treated patients. Regarding viral infection, when an investigation was conducted in RA patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the serum level of DC-SIGN in RA patients with COVID-19 showed no change in concentrations compared to uninfected RA patients

COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH FOR SWELLING SOILS REMEDIES

ABSTRACT: The effect of drying and remolding on undisturbed expansive soil samples were investigated at different periods. The results showed that the swelling potentials for remolded samples were higher than those for undisturbed samples for different periods of testing. The results also showed that final swells and swell pressures increased as the initial moisture contents decrease for both remolded and undisturbed samples. The swelling potential increased as the initial dry density increases for both remolded and undisturbed expansive soil samples, and vice versa The cement dust used as a new additive material to decrease the swelling potential of the expansive soil. The results showed that the plasticity index, linear shrinkage, and clay minerals decreased with increasing cement dust percentage, where 50% of the montmorillonite disappeared after treatment the soil with 5% cement dust. The effect of cement dust columns on the swelling potential of the soil also studied extensively. The cement dust columns were embedded in the middle of the expansive soils using CBR mould .The results showed that the swelling potential decreased with increasing number of cement dust columns and when increasing the diameter of the cement dust columns ,a distinctive decrease in the swelling potentials were recorded. When decreasing the densities and increasing the diameters of cement dust columns resulted in decreasing the swelling potentials of the expansive soil. The swelling of the expansive soil been decreased when increasing the number of reinforced and non-reinforced cement dust columns. The swelling potentials showed distinctive decrease when the lengths of the reinforced cement dust columns increased

Modified guidance law based on a sliding mode controller for a missile guidance system

U ovom radu se predlaže metoda modificiranog regulatora navođenja i upravljanja kliznim režimom u sustavu vođenja projektila (MGCSMC). Algoritam modificiranog regulatora kliznog režima (MSMC) koristi se kako bi projektil stigao do željene mete u vrlo kratkom vremenu. Meta uvijek izvodi oštre manevre kad joj se približava projektil. Ovim se pitanjem bavi navođenje i upravljanje (G&C) primjenjujući algoritam MSMC umjesto tradicionalne metode kao što je proporcionalna metoda navigacije (PN). Provedena je teorijska analiza kako bi se smanjila greška u određivanju udaljenosti i pojava podrhtavanja u SMC. Simulacija MGCSMC u usporedbi s PN metodom pokazuje poboljšanje od oko 80 %, 47 % i 20 % u odnosu na podrhtavanje, pogrešnu udaljenost i konačno vrijeme. Nadalje, za vrlo visoku metu, MGCSMC poboljšava ubrzanje i nagibni kut putanje leta projektila za približno 65 % te postiže točnost od 100 %, dok se PN metodom postiže točnost od samo 60 % pod istim uvjetima.mode controller (MSMC) algorithm is adopted to enable the missile to reach the desired target within a short period of time. The target always makes high manoeuvres when the missile is close to it. This issue has been treated in guidance and control (G&C) by using a MSMC instead of the traditional method such as proportional navigation method (PN).Theoretical analysis is conducted to reduce the miss-distance and chattering phenomenon in SMC. Simulation of MGCSMC compared with PN method shows an improvement of about 80 %, 47 % and 20 % for the chattering, miss-distance and finite time, respectively. Furthermore, for the high-altitude target, the MGCSMC improves the acceleration and flight angle of the missile by approximately 65 %, and achieves 100 % accuracy, whereas in PN method only 60 % accuracy is achieved under the same conditions

Characterizing drug manufacturing processes for silver sulfadiazine nano-crystals in water/oil microemulsion

The goal of this research is to characterize the optimal manufacturing process that produces a drug containing of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) nanoparticles that are key ingredients for various medications, particularly, ones used for skin burns. The management of difficult to heal wounds can considerably reduce the time required for tissue repairing and promote the healing process, thus minimizing the risk of infection. Silver compounds, especially silver sulfadiazine (AgSD), are often used to prevent or to treat wound bacteria colonization, even in the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The effectiveness of poorly soluble drugs, such as those applied topically to treat burns, depends on the size of the drug particle. Producing these drugs as nanoparticles significantly increases the drug solubility and effectiveness of the product. The other major factor determining the effectiveness is the concentration of nanoparticles in the product. This manufacturing method is designed to optimize the concentration of drug nanoparticles within the microemulsion system

Fertility of Postpartum Iraqi Cows Following Timed Artificial Insemination within Ovsynch or Presynch Protocols

This investigation was carried out on privately owned dairy farms situated in Al-Anbar Province, Iraq, extending from June 2022 to March 2023. The objective of our study was to compare the calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and conception rate at first service (CRFS) between timed artificial insemination (TAI) within ovulation synchronization protocols and AI at estrus detection. Total cows (n = 80) 50–60 days postpartum were randomly divided. (1) AIED group (Control, n = 40) untreated cows received AI at the first observed estrus according to the a.m. /p.m. rule. (2) OVS group (n = 20) was treated with a classical Ovsynch protocol. (3) The PG+G group (n = 20) underwent resynchronization with PGF2 and GnRH at the same time 7 days later, then underwent an Ovsynch protocol. Pregnancy was confirmed using trans-rectal ultrasonography on day’s 30-35 post-insemination. The results of this study show that mean days of CI and DO for the control group were significantly longer than those in both the OVS group and the PG+G group (P 0.05). Whereas, the PG+G group had a 65% CRFS, which was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.01) and OVS (P < 0.05). In summary, ovulation synchronization protocols enable TAI earlier in the postpartum period, eliminating the need for estrus detection and resulting in shorter CI and DO. Additionally, the PG+G protocol increased the CRFS compared to both the OVS and the control groups

Groundwater Potential Zone Mapping: Integration of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and GIS Techniques for the Al-Qalamoun Region in Syria

One of the most critical processes for the long-term management of groundwater resources is Groundwater Potential Zonation (GWPZ). Despite their importance, traditional groundwater studies are costly, difficult, complex, and time-consuming. This study aims to investigate GWPZ mapping for the Al-Qalamoun region, in the Western part of Syria. We combined the Multi-Influence Factor (MIF) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods with the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to estimate the GWPZ. The weight and score factors of eight factors were used to develop the GWPZ including drainage density, lithology, slope, lineament density, geomorphology, land use/land cover, rainfall, and soil. According to the findings, about 46% and 50.6% of the total area of the Al-Qalamoun region was classified as suitable for groundwater recharge by the AHP and MIF methods, respectively. However, 54% and 49.4% of the area was classified as having poor suitability for groundwater recharge by the AHP and MIF methods, respectively. These areas with poor suitability can be utilized for gathering surface water. The validation of the results showed that the AHP and MIF methods have similar accuracy for the GWPZ; however, the accuracy and results depend on influencing factors and their weights assigned by experts

Spatial variation of the change in the cultivation of horticultural crops in Al-Qaim district for the period (2000 - 2020)

The research concluded by studying and analyzing the areas planted with horticultural crops in Al-Qaim district at the level of agricultural districts for two different periods of time in order to analyze the amount of variation and change in the area planted with these crops, whether positive or negative. Therefore, the year (2000) was taken as the base year and (2020) as the target year, to determine the levels of change between them. It was found through the tables and maps of the geographical distribution that there was a significant change in the areas planted with these crops during the study period and at the level of one province, and at a rate of decline in those areas Its amount reached (507) dunums, and the number of trees decreased by (63,178), which gives a serious indication of the decline in agricultural areas and crops in general, whose effects will be reflected on the residents of the region and their economic levels

The Role of Three-dimensional Printed Models in Women’s Health

Three-dimensional printing is an innovative technology that has gained prominence in recent years due to its attractive features such as affordability, efficiency, and quick production. The technology is used to produce a three-dimensional model by depositing materials in layers using specific printers. In the medical field, it has been increasingly used in various specialties, including neurosurgery, cardiology, and orthopedics, most commonly for the pre-planning of complex surgeries. In addition, it has been applied in therapeutic treatments, patient education, and training wof medical professionals. In the field of obstetrics and gynecology, there is a limited number of studies in which three-dimensional printed models were applied. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of three-dimensional printing applications in the medical field, highlighting the few reported applications in obstetrics and gynecology. We also review all relevant studies and discuss the current challenges and limitations of adopting the technology in routine clinical practice. The technology has the potential to expand for wider applications related to women’s health, including patient counseling, surgical training, and medical education