The economic and social organization of selected Mohmand Pukhtun settlements.

The study formulates a thesis with two separate but closely inter-connected component the first is to construct an ideal-type nodal of Pukhtun society and argue that it exists on the basis of empirically observed social groups and given certain conditions. The second is to illustrate that the modal operates successfully in spite of encapsulation by larger and different social systems. The thesis is defended by data collected from field-work conducted among the Mohmand tribe in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The chapters are divided into three distinct but inter-related parts. Part Ona, Chapters 1 to 3, provides the framework for the arguments contained in the study. Chapter 1 broadly outlines the theoretical and methodological framework of the study. Chapter 2 describes the ecological and administrative features within which Mohmand society is organized. The historical background of the Mohmands is discussed in Chapter 3. pert Two, Chapters 4 to 9, may be considered the core of the study in length and importance. Chapter 4 constructs an ideal-type Pukhtun model largely based on Mohmand data and another one in analytical and binary opposition to it. Chapter 5 analyses the importance of unilineal descent and types of leadership in segmentary societies. Non-Mohmand groups, such as religious and occupational groups, and their role in society are discussed in Chapter 6. Case-studies regarding agnatic rivalry and the concept of chastity of women form Chapter 7. Settlement and marriage patterns are analysed in Chapter 8. Income, consumption and expenditure patterns, based on case-studies, are discussed in Chapter 9. I shall argue that Chapters 7, 8 and 9 largely substantiate my thesis. Change, encapsulation and tribal strategy in relation to the model are the themes of Chapters 10 and 11 in Part Three. Chapter 12 discusses the conclusions of the study

Study of the Direct Extrusion Behavior of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy-2014 Using Conical Dies

The present work concerns with study of extrusion behavior of aluminum alloy-Al2014 comparing with pure aluminum-Al1050, using different die angles (á=15, 30 and 75°) and different billet lengths (20, 28, 40 and 52mm). Results showed that the extrusion load increase when billet length increases for aluminum alloy (Al-2014) and pure aluminum (Al-1050). The results also showed that small die angles required higher extrusion load than large die angles. The Brinell hardness values showed that aluminum alloy (Al-2014) undergoes higher work hardening due to the presence of copper compared with the pure aluminum (Al-1050), in addition to formation of dead metal zone which resists the metal flow through the die opening

First Case Report of Primary Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma from the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) represents 1-2% of all types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and 1-10% of testicular neoplasms. Up to the best of my knowledge, this is the first case of PTL of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in a 60-year-old man presented with a painless mass in the left testis as revealed by physical examination in a tertiary care hospital in Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah in the western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Radiological examination revealed a large well-defined heterogeneous predominantly hypo-echoic mass with increased vascularity in the upper portion of the testis. On the other hand, histopathological examination revealed a tumor involving the whole left testis, which was large (measuring 6 3.5  3.3 cm), solid and dark red with focal areas of hemorrhage and epididymal infiltration. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity of leucocyte common antigen (LCA), pan B-cell marker (CD20) and negativity of pan T-cell marker (CD3). Other immunohistochemical markers such as CD10, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin and S100 protein were also negative. However, there was a marked expression of Ki67 and Bcl2 markers. Accordingly, the diagnosis of DLBCL was established. The tumor was classified as stage I according to the Ann Arbor system. The case was treated by orchiectomy followed by prophylactic anthracycline-based chemotherapy and irradiation of the contralateral testis and central nervous system

DNA barcoding of Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1970)

An effort to assess the utility of 650 bp Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (DNA barcode) gene in delineating the members closely resembled marine fin fishes belonging to the family Latidae was made. To address the issue, all 40 barcode sequences of fishes belonging to Latidae family available at NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnological Information) along with the barcode data generated from commonly available fish Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) from Parangipettai coastal waters was used. The average GC content of selected three fishes belongs to Latidae was found to be 48.87%. Lates niloticus from Tanzanian waters showed less GC content (47.70%) whereas L. calcarifer from South China sea showed high GC content (49.61%) among the Latidae species studied. Compare to Australian, Indian and Singapore (48.1-48.89%) water L. calcarifer, Myanmar and South China species shows high average GC content (49.38-49.41%). The phylogenetic and genetic distance data showed that the maximum genetic distance is present in 3rd codon position in all the selected species. It is apparent from the genetic distance that the GD between L. calcarifer and L. niloticus was observed to be higher than the GD between P. waigiensis and L. niloticus in all the codon positions. The expected clustering of the species in separate internal branches was well observed in the constructed phylogram with high bootstraps. We conclude that COI sequencing (barcoding) in identifying the morphologically similar species of the family Latidae

Nanoflake NiMoO4 based smart supercapacitor for intelligent power balance monitoring.

A supercapacitor is well recognized as one of emerging energy sources for powering electronic devices in our daily life. Although various kind of supercapacitors have been designed and demonstrated, their market aspect could become advanced if the utilisation of other physicochemical properties (e.g. optical) is incorporated in the electrode. Herein, we present an electrochromic supercapacitor (smart supercapacitor) based on a nanoflake NiMoO4 thin film which is fabricated using a facile and well-controlled successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The polycrystalline nanoflake NiMoO4 electrode exhibits a large electrochemically active surface area of ~ 96.3 cm2. Its nanoporous architecture provides an easy pathway for the intercalation and de-intercalation of ions. The nanoflake NiMoO4 electrode is dark-brown in the charged state and becomes transparent in the discharged state with a high optical modulation of 57%. The electrode shows a high specific capacity of 1853 Fg–1 at a current rate of 1 Ag–1 with a good coloration efficiency of 31.44 cm2/C. Dynamic visual information is obtained when the electrode is charged at different potentials, reflecting the level of energy storage in the device. The device retains 65% capacity after 2500 charge-discharge cycles compared with its initial capacity. The excellent performance of the nanoflake NiMoO4 based smart supercapacitor is associated with the synergetic effect of nanoporous morphology with a large electrochemically active surface area and desired chemical composition for redox reaction