Preliminary studies on food and feeding habits of Polypterus endlicheri and Polypterus senegalus in Lake Chad

The food and feeding habits of Polyprerus cncllicheri and Polypterus senegalus was carried out in the months of September to October. The food of 33 Polypierus endlicheri as observed include Tilapia species (89.3%), Eutropius niloticus (28.6%), Mayfly nymph (39.3%), Dragon fly larva (56.6%) fish remains (21.4%) and detritus (7.1%). The food of27 Polypterus senegalus as observed include Tilapia sp (88.4%), Eutropius niloticus (27.9%), may fly nymph (23.3%), Dragonfly nymph (34.9%) remains (21.1%) detritus (23.3%). (9 page document) The percentage occurrence of food item found in the stomach of Polypterus endlieheri is 93.3% while that of Polyprerus senegalus is 67.4%. The dominance of Tilapia sp was establish in the study, and there is no significant difference between the feeding habit of Polypterus endlicheri and Polyprerus senegalus

Healthcare workforce caring for older adults across the world: an overview

This paper evaluates the demand and supply side of healthcare for older adults in a global context and presents a plausible scenario, with examples taken from a number of selected countries, of the current position of the healthcare workforce caring for older adults. This talk will also explore the gap between the current healthcare situation and the actual support and care that are needed to help and ensure a healthy ageing population. While acknowledging that there are a good number of healthcare workers in some countries, it’s also true that they do not receive adequate training or possess the necessary skills to deliver appropriate support and care to elderly people. Findings from a recent survey on the Nigerian care workforce are shared here. The survey highlights the lack of appropriate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among this workforce that lead to real barriers for providing services to elderly people within the community. The findings will be of help to other regions of the world when redesigning their health care systems

The Role of the Shariah Legal System in the Prevention and Control of Crime in Kebbi State, North-Westen Nigeria

This study explored the relationship between the application of the Shariah legal system and crime control in Kebbi state. The role played by the re-implementation of Shariah was studied. The study aimed at providing knowledge on the relationship between Shariah legal system and how it controls and prevents crime and criminal activities in the state. The study used focus group discussions (FGD) and in depth interviews (IDI) as the instruments of data collection. The area of the study was divided into three senatorial districts and in this case Kebbi south senatorial district was selected in which three local governments areas namely Yauri, Koko Besse, Zuru were used for the collection of data. The study conducted nine focus group discussions (FGD) and nine in-depth interviews (IDI). A Total of (18) session was conducted with males and females adult and young persons female and males unmarried. The study revealed that the process of Shariah as legal system in Kebbi state faced a lot of problems ranging from poor arrangement of it implementation like the inability to provide basic social amenities to the people, poor office accommodation, lack of qualify staffs and also found that corruption exist in the courts. Moreover, other security agencies like police, civil defense do report their cases after investigation to magistrate and high courts because their services are more inclined with the Nigeria constitution than the Shariah court. These and many other reasons made the introduction of Shariah in Kebbi state to control and prevent crime have not been achieved as expected, Based on the findings of the study some recommendations were offered. Keywords: Shariah legal system, prevention and crime control, reimplementation

National Unity: A Catalyst for Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria

One of the factors toward achieving a sustainable democracy is unity. The ethnic problem in Nigeria is indeed the National Question, around which a great deal of our national live reveals and in the name of which all sort of crime have been perpetrated against the nation. It is this issue which has produced the “we want our man syndrome in Nigerians national politics. The Nigerian socio-polity is replete with many cases of inequalities, injustices, discrimination because even the appointments into the key and core areas of the economy and political offices are usually patently lopsided and ridiculously announced without much attention paid to the feeling and sensitivity of the other groups of Nigerians. It is in line with this that this paper tries to looks at the factor of Unity in transforming Nigeria to a sustainable Democracy. The extents to which these factors contribute positively to sustainable Democracy are recommended. Keywords:   National Unity, Sustainable democrac

Some water quality parameters and zooplankton periodicity of the Baga in-take channel of Lake Chad

Assessment of some water quality parameters and zooplankton periodicity of the Baga in-take channel of Lake Chad was reviewed. Seven different species of zooplankton were identified at the two sampling stations of the channel. Each identified zooplankton species were grouped according to its major group of Copepods, Cladocera and Rotifera. The copepods dominated the total population with the highest number of occurrence as Cyc1opoids species. There was a mark evidence of organic manure nutrient on total zooplankton population. Surface water temperature in station 1 ranged from 22.8-28. 1degreesC the pH ranged from 6.10 - 7.12 while D.O ranges from 4.00mg/1 -6.20 mg/I. At station 2, temp ranged from 22.0-28.1 OdegreesC, pH ranged 7.1 - 8.6 while D.O. ranged from 4.00mg/1 - 6.20mg/1

Description of the normal variants of the anatomical shapes of the sella turcica using plain radiographs: experience from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

Background: The anatomy of the sella turcica is variable in size and shape. It has been classified into three types: round, oval and flat. It can also be deep or shallow in both children and adults. The floor of the sella turcica which in most cases is concave may be, flat or even convex. In both anatomical and radiological practice in Nigeria, normal data in relation to the description of the normal variants of the anatomical shapes of the sella turcica are based on Caucasian studies.Methods: All available lateral skull radiographs of subjects over a 3-year period, from 2002 to 2004, were retrieved from the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto for the study. Radiographs were mounted on the viewing boxes and sellae turcicae were studied and classified.Results: A total of 228 subjects were involved in this study. Of this figure, 171 (75%) were males, and 57 (25%) were females (m: f ratio = 3:1). The predominant shape of sella in the African subjects studied is oval, and the difference in frequency of oval shaped sella and that of round or flat types is highly statistically significant.(PArrière Plan: L\'anatomie de sella turcica varie selon la forme et la plat. Elle peut aussi être profonol ou plat, aussi chez les enfants que chez les adults. Le planche de sella turcica, qui est généralement concave peut être convexe, ou plat de forme. Bien en anatomie et en radiologie practiques au Nigéria. Les données relatives à la description des variants normales de formes anatomiques de sella turcica sont basées sur des études caucasiennes.Méthodes: Toutes les radiographes laterales du été collectées du departement de 3 ans (2002 a 2004) ont été collectées du departement de Radiologie de centre uiversitaire hospitalier de université Usmanu Danfodiyo pour cette étude. Les radiographes ont été montées sur les boîtes de visualization et sella turcica ont étés étudiées et classifiées.Resultats: Un total de 228 sujets ont été impliqués dans cette étude. De ce total, 171 (75%) étaient males, et 57 (25%) étaient femelles (m: f ratio = 3:1). La forme predominante de sella turcica pour les sujets africains étudiés est ovale, et la différence en frequence entre sella à forme ovale et sella à forme ronde ou plate est statistiquement très élevée. (PL 0.001). Le plancher de sella de plus commun pour les sujets africains étudiés est concave et la différence en frequence entre sella a plancher cancave sella à plancher convexe is statistiquement ties élevée. (PL 0.001).pour les deux cas de formes plancher de sella turcica et les différents types de plancher de sella turcica, en ce qui est du sex des sujets étudiés, la différence en frequence entre les mâles et les femelles est statistiquement très élevée. (PL 0.001).Conclusion: Il est concluque la predominance et relativité des frequences de variantes normales de formes anatomiques de sella turcica considérées dans cette étude surdes sujets Nigérians est similaire à celle considérées pour les “caucasians”. Des études plus poussées sur un champ plus étendu sont nécessaires pour confirmer nos decouvertes Keywords: Description, normal variants, anatomical shapes, sella turcica Annals of African Medicine Vol. 7 (2) 2008: pp. 77-8

AN ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYMENT POTENTIALS OF COTTAGE, MICRO AND SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN JIGAWA STATE OF NIGERIA

This paper examines employment potentials of Cottage, Micro and Small Scale Enterprises (CMSSEs) in Jigawa State, Nigeria. The data was obtained from a survey of 300 enterprises randomly selected from three local government areas of the state. Consequently, descriptive statistics and multiple regression were employed for the analysis. The result revealed that the explanatory variables that were found to be significant in explaining the employment potentials of the enterprises are; level of education, experience of the entrepreneurs, size of the enterprise, government support, gender and access to finance. Finally, the study recommends among others that government should improve its financial support to CMSSEs so that they could create more employment opportunities for millions of Nigerians

Entrepreneurship Education versus Sustainable Economic Development in 21st Century Africa

Entrepreneurship education constitutes a vital curriculum instrument which could be employed in addressing issues and problems which lead to Economic Development in Africa. As most of our tertiary education grandaunts currently appear to be marginalized in the scheme of socio economic and developmental endeavours in this continent, entrepreneurial skills germane for generating self-employment could be explored as a very good alternative to wage employment. This line of thought could go a long way, not only in arresting the soaring unemployment rate in the Africa but could also contribute in enabling African countries overcome or solve a number of problems or issues which are at stake in the course of our march towards sustainable development. This paper does claim to be conclusive but presents important issues for careful reflection, to provoke discussion on the discourses on the relevancy of entrerpreneuship education to economic development of Africa. The paper is not empirical but it is located in sound knowledge and careful observation within African economic development in a global world as viewed by the writer. The paper raises issues around entrepreneurship education and economic development in Africa. Thus it has examined the concept of entrepreneurship education and its relationship economic development particularly in this age of globalization in Africa. It equally analyses the entrepreneurship role in contending Socio-economic development in African countries and made some recommendation on how to utilise this variable to make African Educational system achieve its Socio-economic aims and objectives and make African Countries grate in the nearest future. Methodically, the paper is a product of careful observation and reflections on direct participation in Higher education production and conclusion from studies in the fields of entrepreneurship education and human values in Africa. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n5p15

Functional properties and storage stability of optimized cereal-based complementary foods

The functional properties and good quality of food materials are important factors that determine the suitability for complementary foods for children. This study evaluated the functional properties and storage stability of cereal-based and legume- based complementary food (CF). Nutri-survey (2007) was used to optimize and generate six composite blends designated F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6 from yellow maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), millet (Pennisetumglaucum), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), soyabeans (Glycine max), and Moringa oleifera. Freshly prepared samples were subjected to analysis of functional properties. During storage, the composite blends were subjected to sensory evaluation, microbial count, moisture content, peroxide value and free fatty acid determination at 15-day intervals for a period of 60 days. Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and results expressed as mean and standard error of mean. Results of functional properties revealed that bulk density ranged from (0.63-0.81 g/cm3), water absorption capacity (86-90%), swelling index (0.33-1.34 cm3/g), reconstitution index (2.20-3.20) and pH (6.52-6.69). The organoleptic properties and keeping quality of the formulated complementary foods were not significantly different (P> 0.05) at baseline and end line. Therefore, this study provides a basis for the development of acceptable complementary foods with optimal functional properties and storage stability