The impact of trade in services on factor incomes : results from a global simulation Model

Indian gross domestic product per capita increased rapidly between 2001 and 2006 in a climate of increasing services trade, with the export-oriented services sector responsible for rising shares of growth in gross domestic product. Due to its contribution to aggregate economic growth, there is a great need for empirical examination of the distributional consequences of this growth, especially in light of the challenges in obtaining theoretical solutions that can be generalized. This paper fills this gap in the literature by using a global simulation model to examine how sensitive factor incomes across different industries may have been to the historical changes in India's services exports and imports, and provides insight on the distribution of the national income growth attributable to the expansion of the services industry. Rent on capital in the service sector and wages of all workers would have increased as a result of greater services trade in this period, while income from capital specific to agriculture and manufacturing would have declined. The factors involved with the urban-based services sector may thus benefit from the services trade growth, while the total factor income involved in rural agriculture may decline.Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies,Trade Policy,ICT Policy and Strategies,Emerging Markets

Importance and Significance of UF/MF Membrane Systems in Desalination Water Treatment

The proposed chapter addresses a comprehensive overview of the history and future outlook of ultrafiltration/microfiltration (UF/MF) membrane for desalination water pretreatment. Known theories on UF/MF membrane formation from phase inversion (Dr/wet) systems can be prolonged to define the consequences of high or low molecular weight additives. Also, direct material reengineering and surface modification for high-performance anti-fouling of UF/MF membranes are also highlighted. Before the modern final polymeric film, the characterization techniques, particularly molecular weight cut-off, pore size, pore size distribution, and microbiological activity classification, on to the UF/MF membrane surface were presented, respectively. Lab scale to commercial scale UF/MF membrane configuration and market size of UF/MF membranes for pretreatment desalination are described. The significance of UF/MF provided here as an unconventional approach for desalination water pretreatment is in contrast with the current conventionally used technologies. The recent development made in the integration of established desalination processes, such as spiral wound reverse osmosis (SWRO), multi-stage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), electrodialysis (ED) desalination, and UF pretreatment, is addressed. Finally, the influence of UF/MF on desalination water pretreatment step on to the energy cost of desalination process system is discussed

Role of betahistine in glycemic control of obese subjects: a placebo- controlled clinical trial

Background: Poor glycemic control, insulin resistance and abnormal beta cell function are of the most important complications that associated with obesity, targeting of such complications with pharmacological agents depending on the already existing central mechanism may decrease the incidence of morbidity and mortality among obese subjects. Betahistine is an anti-vertigo drug, commonly prescribed to patients with balance disorders or to improve vertigo symptoms associated with Meniere's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of betahistine on glycemic status, insulin resistance and pancreatic function in obese subjects.Methods: A randomized, placebo controlled trial was carried out on 72 obese subjecta of both sexes with age range of 18-50 years who allocated into two groups: Group A: 48 patients treated with 144mg /day in three divided every eight hours for twelve weeks. Group B: 24 patients treated with placebo for twelve weeks to serve as control. For each group, demographic data, liver and renal function tests beside the studied parameters were investigated at baseline and after 12 weeks.Results: Administration of betahistine to obese subjects resulted in improvement in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and beta cell percent values after twelve weeks compared to baseline values and placebo treated group.Conclusions: Administration of betahistine in a dose of 144mg /day for twelve weeks to obese subjects effectively improve glycemic control, insulin resistance and beta cell functions in these subjects, indicating the beneficial effect of betahistine in slowing or reversing the long term progress of obesity complications without incidence of any serious adverse effects, indicating its efficacy and safety

DYNAMICAL CHAOS IN 6 ï† -RAYLEIGH OSCILLATOR WITH THREE WELLS DRIVEN AN AMPLITUDE MODULATED FORCE.

Chaotic behavior of6 ï† -Rayleigh oscillator with three wells is investigated. The method of multiple scale method is usedto solve the system up to 3rd order approximation. Effect of parameters is studied numerically; all resonance cases arestudied numerically to obtain the worst case. Stability of the system is investigated using both phas

Forensic DNA Analysis of mixed mosquito blood meals: STR profiling for human identification

Mosquito vectors captured at a crime scene are forensically valuable since they feed on human blood, and hence, human DNA can be recovered to help identify the victim and/or the suspect. This study investigated the validity of obtaining the human short tandem repeats (STRs) profile from mixed blood meals of the mosquito, Culex pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae). Thus, mosquitoes were membrane-feed on blood from six different sources: a human male, a human female, mixed human male-female blood, mixed human male-mouse blood, mixed human female-mouse blood, and mixed human male-female-mouse blood. DNA was extracted from mosquito blood meals at 2 h intervals up to 72 h post-feeding to amplify 24 human STRs. Data showed that full DNA profiles could be obtained for up to 12 h post-feeding, regardless of the type of blood meal. Complete and partial DNA profiles were obtained up to 24 h and 36 h post-feeding, respectively. The frequencies of STR loci decreased over time after feeding on mixed blood until they became weakly detectable at 48 h post-feeding. This may indicate that a blood meal of human blood mixed with animal blood would contribute to maximizing DNA degradation and thus affects STR identification beyond 36 h post-feeding. These results confirm the feasibility of human DNA identification from mosquito blood meals, even if it is mixed with other types of non-human blood, for up to 36 h post-feeding. Therefore, blood-fed mosquitoes found at the crime scene are forensically valuable, as it is possible to obtain intact genetic profiles from their blood meals to identify a victim, a potential offender, and/or exclude a suspect

تحليل أدوات السياسات المرتبطة بعرض محصولي القمح والبرسيم في مصر

This study dealt with the analysis of the related policies affecting the supply response of wheat and Egyptian clover (berseem) acreage in Egypt. These policies were the price policy, the policy of raising the yield (productivity) of wheat, bread price subsidy at the retail stage, foreign trade policy of wheat. In addition, the study estimated some econometric relationships between the policy variables, which included domestic price and the world price of wheat, the variables affecting the wheat profitability and berseem profitability in Egypt. The study concluded from the analysis of relations between the variables of the policies targeted modifying the prevailing competitiveness between wheat and berseem on the agricultural area produced several important results: the depreciation of the value of the Egyptian pound against the American dollar makes the growth rate in domestic wheat price to match imported wheat price to the Egyptian market would be doubled 6 times, the growth rate of world wheat price, which places a huge burden on the state to procure foreign currency and inflate the size of the funding gap. These burdens are compounded by increased imports of wheat due to population growth. Such policy would increase the subsidy burden and then social costs as the world price in US dollars has grown by about 1% a year over the four decades ago, while the exchange rate of the dollar to Egyptian pound led to make the growth rate of domestic wheat in Egyptian pounds about 6% which, will enter Egypt to fall in a dilemma of risk of enlargement of the national debt payment. Thus, despite the positive impact of increased farm price, depending on a policy of raising the price to cover the increase in the costs of production due to increase in the free agricultural input prices, monopolistic practices and fraud, with fluctuations in productivity of wheat through time, would cause burdens of distortions in the economy over the long term that might be of unbearable consequences

Population, development, and policy

The extensive literature on population and development yielded few policy-relevant results before the discovery of the demographic dividend. This dividend refers to a rise in per capita income that results from an increase in workers per capita as a population’s fertility declines. This paper describes the role of the demographic dividend in economic development in developing countries and summarizes policy options for strengthening the dividend. The first section reviews the demographic transition with an emphasis on its later phases when declining fertility and a changing population age structure produce the dividend. Next, the demographic drivers of the dividend and its potential impact on economic growth are examined. The last sections discuss policy options. Special attention is given to the role of voluntary family planning programs to meet rising demand for contraception thus accelerating the fertility decline and increasing the dividend when demand for smaller families is growing. The focus throughout is on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the region that has experienced little demographic dividend but where the potential for a future dividend is greatest

Mud Loss Estimation using Machine Learning Approach

Lost circulation costs are a significant expense in drilling oil and gas wells. Drilling anywhere in the Rumaila field, one the world\u27s largest oilfields, requires penetrating the Dammam formation, which is notorious for lost circulation issues and thus a great source of information on lost circulation events. This paper presents a new, more precise model to predict lost circulation volumes, equivalent circulation density (ECD), and rate of penetration (ROP) in the Dammam formation. A larger data set, more systematic statistical approach, and a machine-learning algorithm have produced statistical models that give a better prediction of the lost circulation volumes, ECD, and ROP than the previous models for events. This paper presents the new model, validates the key elements impacting lost circulation in the Dammam formation, and compares the predicted outcomes to those from the older model. The work previously presented by Al-Hameedi et al. (http://www.onepetro.org, 2017a; http://www.AADE.org, 2017b) provided a platform for predicting the severity of lost circulation incidents in the Dammam formation. Using the new models, the predictions closely track actual field incidents of lost circulation. When new lost circulation events were compared with predictions from the old and new models, the new model presented a much tighter prediction of events. Three equations for optimizing operations were developed from these models focusing on the elements that have the highest degree of impact. The total flow area of the nozzles was determined to be a significant factor in the ROP model indicating that nozzle size should be chosen carefully to achieve optimal ROP. Good modeling of projected lost circulation events can assist in evaluating the effectiveness of new treatments for lost circulation. The Dammam formation is a significant source of lost circulation in a major oilfield and warrants evaluation of the effectiveness of lost circulation treatments. These techniques can be applied to other fields and formations to better understand the economic impact of lost circulation and evaluate the effectiveness of various lost circulation mitigation efforts

Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Benzyl Protected Diversified C-nucleosides

Formyl glycals are the versatile synthetic intermediates and can serves as precursor for the synthesis of various C and N-nucleosides. Due to the presence of electron donating and electron withdrawing character on formyl sugars which makes the molecule more susceptible to nucleophilic attack. Utilizing same strategy, we propose the synthesis of diversified C-nucleosides (3-14) by reaction with N,N dinucleophiles. These nucleoside analogs were than tested against viral, bacterial and fungal strains

Impact of Aspiration in the Assessing Process of Pediatric Lung Disease

This study aimed at analyzing the impact of Aspiration in the assessing process of pediatric lung disease, as the affected children will frequently encounter a situation where swallowing is insecure and aspiration is likely. Besides analyzing the Aspiration of foreign matter into the airways and lungs that can cause a wide spectrum of pulmonary disorders with various presentations. And discussing the type of syndrome resulting from aspiration depends on the quantity and nature of the aspirated material, the chronicity, and the host responses. Considering that Aspiration is most likely to occur in subjects with a decreased level of consciousness, compromised airway defense mechanisms, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and recurrent vomiting