Classifying the suras by their lexical semantics :an exploratory multivariate analysis approach to understanding the Qur'an

PhD ThesisThe Qur'an is at the heart of Islamic culture. Careful, well-informed interpretation of it is fundamental both to the faith of millions of Muslims throughout the world, and also to the non-Islamic world's understanding of their religion. There is a long and venerable tradition of Qur'anic interpretation, and it has necessarily been based on literary-historical methods for exegesis of hand-written and printed text. Developments in electronic text representation and analysis since the second half of the twentieth century now offer the opportunity to supplement traditional techniques by applying the newly-emergent computational technology of exploratory multivariate analysis to interpretation of the Qur'an. The general aim of the present discussion is to take up that opportunity. Specifically, the discussion develops and applies a methodology for discovering the thematic structure of the Qur'an based on a fundamental idea in a range of computationally oriented disciplines: that, with respect to some collection of texts, the lexical frequency profiles of the individual texts are a good indicator of their semantic content, and thus provide a reliable criterion for their conceptual categorization relative to one another. This idea is applied to the discovery of thematic interrelationships among the suras that constitute the Qur'an by abstracting lexical frequency data from them and then analyzing that data using exploratory multivariate methods in the hope that this will generate hypotheses about the thematic structure of the Qur'an. The discussion is in eight main parts. The first part introduces the discussion. The second gives an overview of the structure and thematic content of the Qur'an and of the tradition of Qur'anic scholarship devoted to its interpretation. The third part xvi defines the research question to be addressed together with a methodology for doing so. The fourth reviews the existing literature on the research question. The fifth outlines general principles of data creation and applies them to creation of the data on which the analysis of the Qur'an in this study is based. The sixth outlines general principles of exploratory multivariate analysis, describes in detail the analytical methods selected for use, and applies them to the data created in part five. The seventh part interprets the results of the analyses conducted in part six with reference to the existing results in Qur'anic interpretation described in part two. And, finally, the eighth part draws conclusions relative to the research question and identifies directions along which the work presented in this study can be developed

Comparative Study of Different Disinfectant Solutions on Reducing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections Among Critical Patients

Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most common hospital acquired infection. Several antiseptic agents as (chlorhexidine, water, and povidone iodine) are available prior the insertion of urinary catheters to reduce infection among critical patients. Aim: compare the effect of different disinfectant solutions on reducing (CAUTI) among critical patients. Design: Quasi experimental was utilized at the cardiology care unit (CCU) and followed up at medical ward of Sohage University Hospital, Egypt. Purposive sample (210) cardiac patients conveniently selected and divided equally to three groups had newly inserted urethral catheter. Group (A) used chlorhexidine 5%, Group (B) used soap and water and Group (C) used 10 % povidone Iodine solution in the perineal and urethral meatus care before insertion. Results: the majority of the studied sample were male aged (38.77 ± 9.95, 36.69 ± 11.1 and 36.77 ± 11.4) years. Majority of three groups had no fever at 1st observation. Group C had dysuria from the 1st till the 3rd time of observation (53, 77 & 81.4 %). High percentage of group C had positive urine culture at the three observations (51.4, 71.4, & 78.5 %). High correlation between used soap and water (group B) and body temperature, dysuria, and low correlation between purulent drainage with chlorhexidine group (A). Conclusion: using chlorhexidine gluconate and soap and water were the best methods that can be used in perineal care before catheter insertion and maintenance care than povidone iodine solution. Keywords: Comparative, Disinfectant, Solutions, Catheter, Infection, Urinary and Critically. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/73-14 Publication date: April 30th 2020

Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance as a predictor of metabolic syndrome: Consequences of obesity in children and adolescents

AbstractBackgroundObesity and/or insulin resistance have gained increasing attention as the core manifestations of metabolic syndrome.ObjectiveTo evaluate insulin resistance according to homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index HOMA-IR in obese children and adolescents with or without metabolic syndrome at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Design and subjects60 obese children and adolescents were recruited, metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the modified WHO criteria adapted for children and adolescents. Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA-IR.ResultsMetabolic syndrome (MS) was found in 42 subjects (70%), using modified WHO guidelines for diagnosing MS. On comparing MS-related parameters between the groups with (MS+) and without metabolic syndrome (MS−), median body mass index, waist circumference, waist/height ratio, and blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in the MS+group. Basal insulin level as well as HOMA-IR was also significantly different between MS+ and MS-groups. The presence of insulin resistance according to HOMA-IR was identified in 53% of obese children and adolescents. This HOMA-IR age and sex limit was exceeded by 70% children in the MS+group, but only by 43% children in the MS-group (p<0.001). HOMA-IR was positively correlated with the majority of anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The correlation was strongest with body mass index, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionsHOMA-IR might be a reliable surrogate measure of insulin resistance and a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes in obese adolescents allowing the development of preventive measures and treatment when needed

Bioactive content, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of whole plant extract of Micromeria fruticosa (L) Druce ssp Serpyllifolia F Lamiaceae against Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Micromeria fruticosa Druce (L.) Druce ssp Serpyllifolia F. Lamiaceae (MF) extract and to correlate its phenolic composition of the biological activities.Methods: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was employed for the identification and quantification of phenolics. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential of the four extracts, namely, ethanol, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate, were assessed. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Antioxidant status in the liver was assessed by determining the activities of some antioxidative enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the levels of thiobarbutaric acid reactive substances (TBARS).Results: RP-HPLC analysis revealed high contents of quercitrin, rosmarinic and ferulic acid. The four extracts were potent DPPH free radical scavengers. Administration of the ethanol extract to the animals twice daily for 14 days did not show any evidence of hepatotoxicity. CCl4 caused a marked increase in TBARS and significant decrease in CAT, GSH-Px and SOD levels, but this was reversed by the ethanol extract.Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Micromeria fruticosa (L) may have a palliative effect in liver injuries and this is probably due to the antioxidant properties of the plant’s polyphenolic content.Keywords: Micromeria fruticose, Phenolics, Hepatotoxic, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Quercitrin, Ferulic acid, Rosmarinic aci

Enseñanza para la sostenibilidad: un programa basado en actividades de instrucción para enseñar algunos valores económicos para niños de jardín de infantes

This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of an instructional activities based program in develop-ing some economic values for kindergarten children. 60 kindergarten children in public schools were included . The average age was 5.5 years. They were divided into two groups with equal number of children in both( one experimental, n=30 children, and the other was control group n=30 children). A Pictured Economic Values Questionnaire for Children was used to collect and analyze data. The t-test was employed, run by SPSS V18.0. Findings obtained from the study showed that there was a statistical-ly significant difference between the mean scores of the children of the experimental and control groups in the total score of Pictured Economic Values Questionnaire for Children(sub- scales and composite score)in the post test, after applying the instructional activities based program, which is in favour of the experimental group.Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de un programa basado en actividades de instrucción en el desarrollo de algunos valores económicos para niños de jardín de infantes. Se in-cluyeron 60 niños de kínder de escuelas públicas. La edad promedio fue de 5,5 años. Se dividieron en dos grupos con igual número de niños en ambos (uno experimental, n=30 niños, y el otro grupo control n=30 niños). Se utilizó un Cuestionario de valores económicos ilustrados para niños para recopilar y analizar datos. Se empleó la prueba t, ejecutada por SPSS V18.0. Los hallazgos obtenidos del estudio mostraron que hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones medias de los niños de los grupos experimental y de control en la puntuación total del Cuestionario de valores económicos ilustrados para niños (subescalas y puntuación compuesta) en la prueba posterior, luego de aplicar el programa basado en actividades instruccionales, lo que resulta a favor del grupo experimental

Design a Biological Phantom for Human Breast (mammographic)

الهدف من التصوير الاشعاعي للثدي هو الكشف ,وتوصيف وتقييم النتائج التي تدل علي سرطان الثدي وغيره من امراض الثدي.سنوياً التصوير الاشعاعي للثدي يحصر فئات عمرية من النساء ذات الامراض عديمه الاعراض وهو حالياً طريقة التصوير الوحيدة التي ثبتت لخفض كبير في معدل الوفيات من سرطان الثدي,يتم ذلك عبر ضبط الجودة . التعرض لجرعات عاليه يمكن ان يكون سبب معاناة بدلاً من التشخيص. هذا الفانتوم الحيوي ذو خصائص مماثلة لسرطان الثدي الطبيعي , هذا الفانتوم يساعد الاشعة المهنية لضمان ان النظام بالاشعة ينتج الصورة في اعلي مستوي جودة. وكان الهدف الرئيسي من هذا البحث هو تطوير تصميم مجسم حيوي جديد لمراقبة جودة أجهزة تصوير الثدي بالاشعة محلياً مما يساهم في الجانب الاقتصادي ويقلل تكلفة شرائه من الخارج .ولعمل ذلك قمنا بأختبار مجموعة من المواد بعدد من أجهزة القياس بأستخدام جهاز تصوير الثدي بالأشعة وكاشف لقياس الكثافة وجهاز تحليل المركبات, المواد الطبيعيه المستخدمة (بياض وقشر البيض , وشمع النحل ,والشحوم الحيوانية ) وذلك لتقليد المواد الاساسية المكونة للثدي الطبيعي , كما تم وضع هذه المواد في حاوية بلاستيكيه شفافه . وقد كانت نتائج هذا البحث ناجحه , حيث تم تصميم مجسمين بمواد طبيعيه ورخيصة ومتوفرة محلياً, وقد كانت نتائج المجسم الاول مقبولةحيث اعطي متوسط كثافة ضوئيه 1.231 كيلوجرام\متر3 مقارنة مع صورالمرضي ذو الاعمار الاقل من 40 سنة . وعند أختبار المجسم الثاني, أعطي متوسط كثافة ضوئيه 1.141كيلوجرام\متر3 وهي اكثر دقه وجودة من المجسم الاول مقارنة بالمجسم المعياري(APG) والمرضي ذو الاعمار 40 سنه فما فوق . نوصي بأستخدام هذاالفانتوم في قياس الجرعة الاشعاعية وقياس جودة الصورة QC

Concerns Regarding Organ Donation among Adult Patients with Different Health Problems in Egypt

Organ donation is the charitable act or gift of an organ to help someone who needs a transplant. Some people have religious or cultural objections to donate organs. The study aimed to describe basic knowledge and attitude (concerns) regarding organ donation among adult patients with different medical surgical health problems in Cairo-Egypt. Sample: A Convenient sample of 1000 adult patients with different health problems from different urban and rural areas was recruited for this study. Design: A descriptive comparative research design was utilized to fulfill the aim of the study and answer the stated research questions. Setting: The study was conducted at ten medical surgical wards at one educational hospital, affiliated to Cairo University. Tools: Two tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study which are: Personal Structured Questionnaire, and Structured Questionnaire about Basic Knowledge, and Attitudes regarding Organ Donation. Results: The study findings revealed that both urban and rural inhabitants’ patients were nearly equal regarding their knowledge and attitude toward organ donation. Current study findings showed no statistical significant difference in familiarity about the term of organ donation among study sample. Regarding attitude toward organ donation, no statistical significant differences were found among study sample in their willingness about organ donation regardless the physical condition as well as religion. Conclusion: The study concluded that being an urban or rural inhabitant didn’t affect the willingness to donate an organ but it significantly affected the level of knowledge regarding organ donation.  Recommendations: Replication of the study regarding organ donation on larger probability sample as the ensuing improved understanding of this process can be used to inform and develop clinical practice and future research in this area.  Keywords: Concerns, knowledge, attitude, organ donation, health problems

Workplace violence against nurses at Minia district hospitals

Introduction: Violence against nurses at the workplace is an alarming problem in both developed and developing countries affecting the quality of their work. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of external (patient initiated) and internal violence (initiated by staff members) against nurses and studying the violence-associated factors such as perpetrators, the attitude of nurses following aggression incidents, consequences, and impact on nurses and work. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 385 nurses from three different hospitals in Minia district was agreed to participate in the study. These hospitals included Health Insurance Hospital, Minia University Hospitals (Minia University Gynecological, Obstetric, and Pediatric Hospital and Minia Renal Hospital), and Minia general hospital. The well-structured questionnaire covered four main domains; sociodemographics, lifetime working experience of violence, external and internal violence and its effects on work, the perpetrators of violence, and attitude of nurses following violent incidents. Results: More than half of nurses (55.8%) were exposed to workplace violence during their working lifetime. Experiencing external violence (patient initiated) during the past year was significantly higher (57.4%) than the internal (staff initiated) type (33.5%). Verbal violence was the most common type of violence. Reporting violence incidents were done by 68.3% and 38.7% of the nurses who were exposed to external and internal violence, respectively. Conclusion: Violence against nurses working in different health-care facilities at Minia district was prevalent and has a significant impact on nurses and their work

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives

The oxazolone derivative 1 was synthesized and converted into a hitherto 3,1-benzoxazin-4-one derivative, 3. A series of quinazolin-4-one derivatives 4a-c and 7-11, as well as quinolinone-3-carboxylic acid derivative, 6, and the amide derivatives, 5a,b, were also synthesized via the 3,1-benzoxazin-4-one derivative. The antimicrobial activity of some of the synthesized compounds was examined against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus subtilis), five Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Acinetobacter baumannii) and one fungi (Candida albicans), using diffusion method. The results showed that compounds 4a, 7, 10 and 11 exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity comparable to standard drugs

Psychological Problems as Perceived by Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Elderly

Ageing is a universal phenomenon and natural biological process of the life cycle. As people enter old age, they begin to experience associated changes in their physical, mental &amp; social health. Therefore, elderly people are vulnerable to physiological and mental crisis. The aim of this study is to assess psychological problems as perceived by institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly, utilizing a descriptive comparative research design. A sample of convenience of 90 elderly which will be divided into: 45 institutionalized elderly was recruited from Hedaya Barakat geriatric home in El-Dokki district, Giza city, Egypt and 45 non- institutionalized elderly was recruited from Pension and Disbursement settings, Cairo district, Egypt. Socio-demographic sheet, and psychological problems scale for elderly. The findings revealed that; the studied institutionalized elderly had higher levels of anxiety, loneliness, and depression than non institutionalized elderly and it was major problems. The study concludes that, psychological problems increase with growing of age among elderly. Recommendation: nursing by education programs should be held for psychiatric mental health nurses in order to help families develop a better understanding of elderly people health needs. Keywords: psychological problems, institutionalized, non-institutionalized and elderly people