Effect of aeration and method of addition of glucose sugar to culture medium on growth and sporulation of some Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from Sudan soils

An experiment was conducted in the microbiology laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum in the year 2003 to study the effect of aeration and method of addition of glucose sugar on growth and sporulation of three selected B. thuringiensis isolates (BR12, N10 and EA3) derived from Sudan soils. The isolates responded differently to air supply. Spore counts of isolate BR12 and EA3 increased with an increase in air supply. The highest count was produced at 19:1 air-to-medium ratio (v/v) and the lowest count at 3:1 ratio, whereas the highest spore count by isolate N10 was produced at 4:1 air-to-medium ratio (v/v) and any increase in aeration levels resulted in lower counts. On the other hand, method of addition of glucose sugar was found to affect both pH pattern during incubation period and spore count in the final culture for all selected isolates. Fed-batch addition of glucose resulted in survival of many growing cells which would have been killed in case of batch addition, with subsequent better sporulation. The effect of method of addition of glucose sugar on growth and sporulation of the tested isolates was found to be significant at 1% level.      أجريت تجربة بمعمل الأحياء  الدقيقة بكلية الزراعة، جامعة الخرطوم، في العام 2003م لدراسة تأثير التهوية ونمط إضافة السكر علي نمو وتجرثم بعض سلالات  البكتيريا من نوع  Bacillus thuringiensis والتي تم  عزلها من الترب السودانية. تم اختيار ثلاث عزلات لهذه الدراسة  هي EA3 ، N10 ، BR12. استجابت العزلات للتهوية بمعدلات مختلفة، حيث وجد أن معدل التجرثم ازداد  بزيادة التهوية للعزلات  BR12  ،  EA3  وأعلي معدل تجرثم للعزلتين حدث عند معدل تهوية 19:1 (هواء : وسط نمو [v/v] ) بينما أقل معدل عند 3:1. أما العزلة N10 فقد كان أعلي معدل تجرثم عند معدل التهوية 4:1 ووجد أن أي زيادة في التهوية أدي إلي نقصان التجرثم. وفي الجانب الآخر فقد وجد أن نمط إضافة السكر إلي وسط النمو يؤثر علي نسق الأس الهيدروجيني بوسط النمو ومعدل التجرثم للعزلات  المختارة. أدي إضافة السكر علي جرعات إلي نجاة الكثير من الخلايا الباكتيرية والتي كانت ستموت في حالة إضافة السكر جرعة واحدة مما حسن معدل التجرثم.   إحصائيا وجد أن هناك فرق معنوي لنمط  إضافة السكر عند احتمال 1% .     &nbsp

The Contextual Modulation Bias in L2 Lexical Inferencing

Is lexical inferencing the selection of an already stored sense or is it the computation of a new sense? This study used a task in which test items were not appropriate to their sentential context so that their conventional meaning clashed with contextual appropriateness. Three categories of choices were provided: synonymous but inappropriate items, appropriate but non-synonymous items, and “none of the choices”. If lexical inferencing consists in the selection from already stored senses, subjects are predicted to choose either a synonym or abstain from interpreting the sentence by choosing the third option. But if they give priority to appropriateness, that would mean that inferencing relies more on world knowledge than on lexical memory. A series of chi-square tests show that EFL learners significantly prefer contextually appropriate options, though not synonymous. These results support the last alternative, indicating thus that there is a bias among L2 learners towards contextual modulation

Incidence of Hashimoto Thyroiditis Among Libyans: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study

Background and aims. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the body produces antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, leading to chronic inflammation, destruction of the gland, and hypothyroidism. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of this disease among Libyan patients. Methods. A cross-sectional retrospective study conducted from June 2012 to April 2020 in order to examine the anti TPO level among Libyan population. Data was collected from eastern and western part of Libya, and were analyzed from available sample for 244 apparently patients with thyroid disorders collected from different private clinic’s laboratories. The analysis for serum anti-TPO was done by electrochemiluminescence protein binding assay (ECLIA) using Roche diagnostics and Cobas e411 analyzer. Results. The current results showed that females predominate the study, and most of them were in the age group of (>40) years old. About 49.18% of these cases were suffering from Hashimoto's disease (High ATPO level). The mean value of anti-TPO status among females was (0.5±2) nmol/L, while among males it was (0.45±3) nmol/L. Significantly, more women (81.66%) had Anti- TPO Above (34 IU/ml), compared to (18.33%) of male participants. Conclusion. Hashimoto disease is common among patients with thyroid dysfunction especially females. Our findings suggest that different interventional strategies are needed to reduce the chances of developing Hashimoto’s and its associated negative health outcomes in Libya

Numerical Analysis for Reinforced Concrete Beams with Circular Openings in Flexural and Shear Zones Strengthened by Steel Plates

في المباني الحديثة، من الضروري تزويدها بالفتحات في الجسور الخراسانية لاستيعاب العديد من أنابيب الخدمات والقنوات. ونظرًا لهذه الفتحات، فإنها تودى الى  التركيز الشديد في الإجهاد يحدث عند حواف الفتحات . كما تظهر الشقوق المحلية حول الفتحات مما يودى الى انخفاض  في جساءه الجسور، وقدرها  لتحمل الحمل وقدرتها لمقاومة القص. وهناك العديد من الدراسات التي أجريت لتطوير واختبار طرق مقاومة وتدعيم مختلفة للجسور التي تعترض لزيادة قدرة الحمولة القصوى. ومع ذلك، من الناحية العملية، من الأفضل استخدام طريقة تقوية واحدة لها نفس المواصفات ليتم استخدامها في كليهما؛  في مناطقتي القص والعزم للجسور التي تحتوى على الفتحات  الدائرية في المباني. على الرغم من الدراسات السابقة، لم تتناول أي دراسة هذه المسألة؛ لذلك، هناك حاجة لدراسة مثل هذه الحالة. في هذه الورقة، أجريت دراسة تحليلية لفحص سلوك الجسور الخرسانية المسلحة (RC) التي تحتوي على فتحات دائرية في منطقتي العزم والقص مقواه بصفائح صلبة. تم استخدام برنامج ABAQU (FEmodeling 3D) لمحاكاة خمس عينات مختلفة من الجسور الخراسانية المسلحة. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنه عندما تم تدعيم الفتحات بواسطة ألواح الصلب، زادت القدرة على حمل الحمولة القصوى، ولكن تم تقليل التشوه مقارنة بالفتحات دون تدعيم، بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم التحقق من صلاحية النموذج عبر توافق جيد بين النتائج التجريبية والتحليلية.In the modern building construction, openings in beams are necessary to accommodate several service pipes and ducts. Due to these openings, high stress concentration occurs at its edges. Local cracks also appear around the openings as a result of the reduction in the beam stiffness, the load carrying capacity and the shear capacity. There are many studies which were conducted to develop and test different strengthening methods for the beams opining to increase the ultimate load capacity of the beams. However, from a practical point of view, it is better to have one strengthening method having the same specifications to be used in both; shear and flexural zones for circular opining beams in buildings. In spite of the prior studies, no study has addressed this issue; therefore, there is a need to study such a case. In this paper, an analytical study was conducted to investigate the behavior of the reinforced concrete (RC) beams with circular openings in flexural and shear zones strengthened by steel plates. A 3D FE modeling (ABAQUS 6.12) software was used to simulate five different specimens of RC beams. The study results showed that when the openings were strengthened by steel plates, the ultimate load carrying capacity increased, but the deflection was decreased when compared to the openings without strengthening. In addition, the model reliability was verified via good agreements between the experimental and numerical results

Design of Wireless Control Mixing System of Liquids using Raspberry Pi Device

The use of automation technology in the field of mixing liquids assists to reduceerrors in this process which improved the quality of products. Liquid mixing machines often require a number of workers in order to operate the machines which increases the risk to them. This paper proposes wireless design for mixing three different liquids using raspberry pi technology. The design aims to provide lower risk rates, lower cost and high accuracy. The mechanism of mixing the three liquids and filling the tanks is done automatically using raspberry pi and ultrasonic sensors. Users must have to login with the correct IP address and password in order to access the application using a Wi-Fi connection. The system consists of three sub tanks filling the main tank in specifec ratio for each one. The programming of this implemention is accompleshed using python language. The experimental results have proven that the system works successfully and it can be applied in a real environment

The Relationship Between the Reputation of Audit Offices and the Accuracy of the Opinion on Continuity and the Extent to Which it is Affected by the Financial Failure Field Research in the Iraqi Stock Exchange

Purposes: The purpose of the research is to test the relationship between the reputation of the auditor's office and the accuracy of his opinion on continuity and the impact of that relationship on the financial failure of the client company.   Theoretical framework: Studying the impact of the financial failure of the client company as an intermediate variable. Where some control variables are included, these were addressed through previous studies through a sample of companies listed on the Iraqi stock market (2017-2020) based on the binary logistic regression model to test the research hypotheses.   Methodology/ Design Approach: Relying on the binary logistic regression model to test and conducting additional analysis to test the research hypotheses.   Results: The results of the research indicated that there is a positive and significant impact of the reputation of the audit firms on the accuracy of their opinion on the continuity hypothesis, as well as the positive impact of the accuracy of the opinion of the Supreme Audit Bureau in the supervision of the auditors of the Bureau, and there is a positive and important impact of the variable of financial default as an intermediary variable between reputation the auditor's office and the accuracy of his opinion on continuity. Finally, the results of the analysis support the positive correlation of the effect of financial failure as a control variable on the accuracy of his opinion on going concern.   Research and practical and social effects: The social effects of research appear by studying the reputation of the auditor and its impact on the continuity or failure of companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange. The value of originality: The research represents a qualitative addition to the research that examined the auditor’s reputation variables and their impact on the continuity of companies

Real-time remote monitoring and control system for underground pipelines

Underground pipelines suffer from corrosion in soil layers, and this corrosion is accelerated with the increasing of soil thickness due to more water contained. Cathodic protection (CP) is one of the most common methods for controlling corrosion of metals. Its popularity returns to the fact that CP system is simple, cheap, and suitable for many industrial applications. The drawback of the available CP systems is the need to go to the site for gathering data using classical instruments and methods, which is tedious, dangerous, uneconomic, and inaccurate. The main objective of this paper is to present a real-time remote monitoring and control (RT-RMC) system for any CP platform. The work started with implementation of an industrial-like CP prototype to realize the desired task. The implemented CP system consists of two famous CP methods, the sacrificial anodes (SACP) and the impressed current (ICCP). After that, the RT-RMC system is implemented with two techniques, global system for mobile communications(GSM), and web of things (WoT) to facilitate monitoring and control tasks. Experimental results are obtained for voltage and current measurements with different environments, disturbance, and pipe coatings

Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Gaussian Mixture Model and Kalman Filter

Many countries use traffic enforcement camera to monitor the speed limit and capture over speed violations. The main objective of such a system is to enforce the speed limits which results in the reduction of number of accidents, fatalities, and serious injuries. Traditionally, the task is carried out manually by the enforcement agencies with the help of specialized hardware such as radar and camera. To automate the process, an efficient and robust solution is needed. Vehicle detection, tracking and speed estimation are the main tasks in an automated system which are not trivial. In this paper, we address the problem of vehicle detection, tracking, and speed estimation using a single fixed camera. A background subtraction method based on the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is employed to detect vehicles because of its capability in dealing with complex backgrounds and variations in the appearance due to illumination and scale. Next, the detected vehicles are tracked in each frame by using the Kalman Filter. Finally, an estimate the speed of each vehicle is determined by using the perspective geometry model. The complete system is tested at our university campus and the results are promising

Discovery of new 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents targeting EGFR\u3csup\u3eWT\u3c/sup\u3e and EGFR\u3csup\u3eT790M\u3c/sup\u3e

New 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesised to act as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs). The synthesised derivatives were assessed for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against A549 and HCT-116 cancer cells. Compounds 8, 10, 12a, and 12b showed potent anti-proliferative activities. Compound 12b was the most promising member with IC50 values of 8.21 and 19.56 µM against A549 and HCT-116, respectively. Compounds 8, 10, 12a, and 12b were evaluated for their kinase inhibitory activities against wild EGFR (EGFRWT). Compound 12b was the most potent member showing an IC50 value of 0.016 µM. In addition, compound 12b showed noticeable activity against mutant EGFR (EGFRT790M) (IC50 = 0.236 µM). Flow cytometric analyses revealed that compound 12b is a good apoptotic inducer and can arrest the cell cycle at S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, it produced an 8.8-fold increase in BAX/Bcl-2 ratio. Molecular docking studies were carried out against EGFRWT and EGFRT790M

Prophylactic use of carvedilol to prevent ventricular dysfunction in patients with cancer treated with doxorubicin

Objective: Deterioration in ventricular function is often observed in patients treated with anthracyclines for cancer. There is a paucity of evidence on interventions that might provide cardio-protection. We investigated whether prophylactic use of carvedilol can prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and whether any observed effect is dose related. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study in patients treated with doxorubicin, comparing placebo (n = 38) with different doses of carvedilol [6.25 mg/day (n = 41), 12.5 mg/day (n = 38) or 25 mg/day (n = 37)]. The primary endpoint was the measured change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to 6 months. Results: LVEF decreased from 62 ± 5% at baseline to 58 ± 7% at 6-months (p = 0.002) in patients assigned to placebo but no statistically significant changes were observed in any of the 3 carvedilol groups. At 6 months, only one of 116 patients (1%) assigned to carvedilol had an LVEF < 50% compared to four of the 38 assigned to placebo (11%), (p = 0.013). No significant differences were noted between carvedilol and placebo in terms of the development of diastolic dysfunction, clinically overt heart failure or death. Conclusions: Carvedilol might prevent deterioration in LVEF in cancer patients treated with doxorubicin. This effect may not be dose related within the studied range