Pattern, First Aid and Complications of Snake Bite in Sudan

Aim: This study aimed at assessing the first aid management and types of complications arising from snakebite. Patients and methods:  A survey of snakebites cases admitted to Sinnar Teaching Hospital, Sinnar, Sudan was conducted between March 2011 and March 2013. The demographic and clinical details of each case were obtained using a questionnaire design to collect primary data from patients and their relatives and patient’s, while, secondary data was collected from the hospital record. Data was analyzed using frequency tabulation. Results: A total number of 111 cases of snake bites were reported during the period of study. The most common age group affected was 19-36 years. The highest number of incidents occurred during daytime from July to December, and lower limb was the major affected part of the body. 41.1% of the victims were farmers. Tourniquet was found to be the most commonly used first aid.  The major observed complications were cellulitis and spontaneous bleeding.  A mortality rate of 3.6% was reported. Conclusion: Extensive use of tourniquet as a first aid measure is one of the primary causes of complications from snakebite. Correct first aid and scientifically based medical intervention are very important snakebite management mechanism and can reduce its complications considerably. Aim: This study aimed at assessing the first aid management and types of complications arising from snakebite. Patients and methods:  A survey of snakebites cases admitted to Sinnar Teaching Hospital, Sinnar, Sudan was conducted between March 2011 and March 2013. The demographic and clinical details of each case were obtained using a questionnaire design to collect primary data from patients and their relatives and patient’s, while, secondary data was collected from the hospital record. Data was analyzed using frequency tabulation. Results: A total number of 111 cases of snake bites were reported during the period of study. The most common age group affected was 19-36 years. The highest number of incidents occurred during daytime from July to December, and lower limb was the major affected part of the body. 41.1% of the victims were farmers. Tourniquet was found to be the most commonly used first aid.  The major observed complications were cellulitis and spontaneous bleeding.  A mortality rate of 3.6% was reported. Conclusion: Extensive use of tourniquet as a first aid measure is one of the primary causes of complications from snakebite. Correct first aid and scientifically based medical intervention are very important snakebite management mechanism and can reduce its complications considerably

Seismic Microzonation of Central Khartoum, Sudan

A preliminary seismic microzonation of Central Khartoum, Sudan is proposed. Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, is located at the confluence of White and Blue Niles. The city is heavily populated. The Central Khartoum with its high rise buildings is the center of governmental and business activities and is located on strip adjacent to the Blue Nile. Geological and geotechnical data indicated that the subsoil conditions at Central Khartoum are characterized by alluvial deposits underlain by Nubian Sandstone below a depth of 20 m. The alluvial deposits locally known as Gezira formations, consist of clays grading into silt and sand with depth. Macro seismic zonation of Sudan and its vicinities, developed by the authors, gave the ground acceleration at the bed rock surface. The effect of alluvial deposits at Central Khartoum on propagation of seismic motion parameters to the ground surface is investigated in this study. Correlations are proposed for pertinent cyclic soil properties such as shear modulus, damping, and shear wave velocity. The classical shear beam model developed by Idriss and Seed is used to study the effect of local soil conditions on ground motion parameters. In absence of strong motion records, artificial time histories of ground motion parameters are used. Plots showing the time histories of ground motion parameters at the ground surface are obtained. The results indicated amplification of ground acceleration of up to 1.15. Because of the presence of saturated loose to medium dense sand at some locations within Central Khartoum, the risk of earthquake-induced liquefaction is evaluated. The susceplity of subsoils in Central Khartoum to liguefaction is evaluated probabilistically by modifying the classical method developed by Seed and Idriss. The risk of earthquake-induced liquefaction is computed by combining the seismic hazard and the conditional probability of liquefaction. The study showed that the risk of liquefaction is low

Video streaming over Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol

Video streaming is content sent in compressed form over the netwoks and viwed the users progressively. The transmission of video with the end goal that it can be prepared as consistent and nonstop stream. The point is that to give client support to client at anyplace and at whatever time. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are considered an attractive nertwork for information transmission in many applications where the customer programme can begin showing the information before the whole record has been transmitted. Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol is considered as one of the most important routing protocols in MANET. However, routing protocols assume a crucial part in transmission of information over the network. This paper investigates the performance of AODV Routing Protocol under video traffic over PHY IEEE 802.11g. The protocol model was developed in OPNET. Different outcomes from simulation based models are analyzed and appropriate reasons are also discussed. A different scenarios of video streaming were used. The metric in terms of throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and routing overhead were measured. A comparision with GRP and GRP are also reported

Pattern & presentation of colorectal cancer in central Sudan, a retrospective descriptive study, 2010-2012.

Aims & Objective: To determine the age and gender distribution and clinical presentation of patients together with histological types of colorectal cancer cases presented to Ibn Sina specialized hospital. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Ibn Sina Hospital (Sudan). Seventy three (73) patients of colorectal cancer who presented in the period from January 2010 to December 2012 were included. Data were collected from their hospital records and analyzed using SPSS computer program 17. Results: More than 17 % of the study populations was below the age of 40 years, and 43.84% was below 50 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.02. Rectal bleeding is the commonest presenting symptom and well differentiated adenocarcinoma is the dominating tumor grade. 8.3 % of patients presented with liver metastasis. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer in this study was found more in young age groups with a peak frequency at the fifth and sixth decades

Deep Transfer Learning Networks for Brain Tumor Detection: The Effect of MRI Patient Image Augmentation Methods

The exponential growth of deep learning networks has enabled us to handle difficult tasks, even in the complex field of medicine with small datasets. In the sphere of treatment, they are particularly significant. To identify brain tumors, this research examines how three deep learning networks are affected by conventional data augmentation methods, including MobileNetV2, VGG19, and DenseNet201. The findings showed that before and after utilizing approaches, picture augmentation schemes significantly affected the networks. The accuracy of MobileNetV2, which was originally 85.33%, was then enhanced to 96.88%. The accuracy of VGG19, which was 77.33%, was then enhanced to 95.31%, and DenseNet201, which was originally 82.66%, was then enhanced to 93.75%. The models' accuracy percentage engagement change is 13.53%, 23.25%, and 23.25%, respectively. Finally, the conclusion showed that applying data augmentation approaches improves performance, producing models far better than those trained from scratch

The Net Clinical Benefit of Rivaroxaban Compared to Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) carries significant morbidity and mortality. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) remains the standard of care, with recent systematic studies suggesting the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in the treatment of CAT. Uncertainty, however, remains regarding rivaroxaban efficacy and safety in real-world settings. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing rivaroxaban to LMWH. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. The primary outcome was the net clinical benefit (NCB), while rates of major bleeding (MB), venous thromboembolism (VTE), clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB), and all-cause mortality events were secondary outcomes. Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis. Rivaroxaban had a better NCB (relative risk [RR] = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.75-0.89, Q = 10.51, I2 = 0%), less VTE events (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.65-0.82, Q = 6.76, I2 = 0%), and lower all-cause mortality (RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.57-0.91, Q = 32.8, I2 = 79%) compared to LMWH. Additionally, comparable MB events (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.85-1.33, Q = 16.9, I2 = 11%). However, CRNMB events were higher in the rivaroxaban group (RR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.46-2.80, Q = 9.9, I2 = 19%). Additional analyses demonstrated consistency of results. Our review encompassing data from randomized and real-world data suggested rivaroxaban superiority compared to LMWH in terms of a better NCB, fewer VTE events, lower all-cause mortality, and comparable MB risk while carrying a higher risk of CRNMB. These findings support the use of rivaroxaban in the treatment of CAT. Additionally, it warrants a sizable randomized controlled study testing the superiority of rivaroxaban versus LMWH formulation and ascertaining bleeding outcomes according to cancer type and site.Open access funded by Qatar National Library

Inducible clindamycin resistance and nasal carriage rates of Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers and community members.

Background: Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is becoming an increasing problem among healthcare workers and community individuals Objectives: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization and inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) of S. aureus among healthcare workers at Soba University Hospital and community members in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: Five hundred nasal swabs samples were collected during March 2009 to April 2010. Isolates were identified using conventional laboratory assays and MRSA determined by the disk diffusion method. The D-test was performed for detection of ICR isolates with Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Results: Of the 114 S. aureus isolated, 20.2% represented MRSA. The occurrence of MRSA was significantly higher among healthcare worker than community individuals [32.7% (18/55) vs. 6.9% (5/59)] (p=0.001). Overall the 114 S. aureus isolates tested for ICR by D-test, 29 (25.4%) yielded inducible resistance. Significantly higher (p=0.026) ICR was detected among MRSA (43.5%) than methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (20.9%). Conclusion: MRSA nasal carriage among healthcare workers needs infection control practice in hospitals to prevent transmission of MRSA. The occurrence of ICR in S. aureus is of a great concern, D- test should be carried out routinely in our hospitals to avoid therapeutic failure

Brucella epididymo-orchitis: A single-center experience with a review of the literature

Brucella epididymo-orchitis (BEO) is a rare complication of brucellosis. Despite the high incidence of brucellosis in developing countries, few case series on BEO are available. This study focuses on the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of BEO with a review of the literature. This study included consecutive BEO patients diagnosed and treated at Smart Health Tower between 2021 and 2023. The required data were retrospectively collected from patients' profiles. The BEO diagnosis was established through scrotal Doppler ultrasound in cases with a positive Rose Bengal test and positive IgG and IgM results for brucellosis, in addition to scrotal pain and swelling. This study included 11 cases whose ages ranged from 22 to 55 years. Most of the cases presented with testicular pain (72.7%), followed by fever (63.6%) and arthralgia (63.6%). The right side (54.5%) was slightly more affected than the left side (45.5%). The major abnormal laboratory finding was an elevated C-reactive protein (82%). The treatment was conservative, in which a combination of gentamicin, doxycycline, and rifampicin was administered to the patients for about 6-8 weeks. One case underwent an orchiectomy due to the abscess formation. All the patients responded well to the treatment, with no recurrence. In the Middle East, brucellosis remains a concerning infectious disease. Early diagnosis, aimed at preventing abscess formation and other complications, takes first priority to avoid invasive interventions