The effects of curculigo latifolia dry and ethanolic extracts on sperm quality of mice mus musculus / Faridahanim Mohd Jaafar

Several Curculigo species have been reported to be widely used for the treatment of impotence and act as aphrodisiac. However, the effect of Curculigo latifolia Dryand on sperm quality, defined as the measurable parameters of the sperm sample which may determine its fertilising capacity, has not been completely explored. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the effects of the leaf and root extracts of Curculigo latifolia on the sperm quality of mice Mus musculus. Three groups of male mice were used in this study; the control group (Group 1) was forced-fed with saline solution, Group 2 with 500 mg/kg b wt of the root extract of C. latifolia and Group 3 with 500 mg/kg b wt of the leaf extract of the plant. The treatments were conducted for a duration of 14 days. The results of this study gave no significant difference in the weekly body weight and sperm morphology of the mice. Mice fed with the root extract showed a greater increase in sperm motility (75.33±2.60%) compared to Group 3 (74.00±5.00%) and Group 1 (64.33±2.73%). Meanwhile, mice fed with the leaf extract showed a higher sperm count (62.33±4.33 mill/ml) and sperm viability (28.00±4.04%) compared to Group 2 (58.67±4.10 mill/ml and 27.67±5.55%, respectively) and Group 1 (40.33±3.18 mill/ml and 23.33±2.96%, respectively). In conclusion, the leaf and root extracts of Curculigo latifolia appeared to have positive effects on sperm quality parameters which are linked to male fertility

Prenylated flavonols from the Leaves of Macaranga gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) / M. Sulaiman M. Johari … [et al.]

The genus Macaranga comes from the family of Euphorbiaceae and it is the only genus in the subtribe Macaranginae that have a large genus with 300 species of which 27 species were found in Peninsular Malaysia. This plant grows as shrubs or trees that can grow up to 15 m tall and known for their mutual associations with ants. Fresh or dried leaves of some Macaranga species were used by traditional healers to treat swellings, cuts, sores, boils and bruises. The isolation of chemical constituent from this genus has been shown to produce numerous results of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and stilbenoids. In this paper, we report the isolation of a prenylated flavonol, glyasperinA (1), together with a simple flavone apigenin (2) from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Macaranga gigantea. The structure of both compounds has been elucidated based on its spectroscopic data, including mass spectroscopy (MS), infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and comparison with the previous literature

Flavanones from the flower of Macaranga triloba

Macaranga triloba belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae. Investigation on the dichloromethane extract of flower of Macaranga triloba collected at Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia has yielded four flavanone compounds known as 6-prenyl-3’-methoxy-eriodictyol (1), nymphaeol-B (2), nymphaeol-C (3) and 6-farnesyl3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (4). The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D), UV, IR as well as mass spectrometry. This is the first report of 6-prenyl-3’-methoxy-eriodictyol(1) and 6-farnesyl-3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (4) from the genus of Macaranga

Isolation, identification and bioassay of flavonoids from Bouea macrophylla Griff

Bouea macrophylla Griff., a species belonging to the Anacardiaceae family is a flowering plant native to Southeast Asia and also known as kundang, kundang daun besar, and setar in Malaysia. The fruit can be eaten raw or as a pickle, while the young leaves can be consumed as salads. It has been claimed to be able to accelerate wound healing, prevent cancer, reduce the risk of stroke, and enhance blood circulation. The previous study on the plant from the same genus, known as B. oppositofolia has shown the presence of various flavonoids. The present study was designed to isolate and elucidate flavonoids from this plant. The twig extract of kundang was purified by using several chromatographic techniques including Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC), Column Chromatography (CC), and preparative-Thin Layer Chromatography (pTLC). The structures of isolated compounds were characterized by using spectroscopic methods including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectral data, as well as comparison with the data reported in the literature. Five flavonoids were isolated and purified from the twigs of B. macrophylla which includes one flavanonol known as garbanzol; one flavonol which is resokaempferol; one flavandiol characterized as catechin; and two flavandiol known as mollisacacidin and guibourtacacidin. The results of the glucose uptake experiment indicated that the extract and compounds tested affected the glucose uptake rate of the insulin-resistant C2C12 cell line as compared to the standard. This is the first report describing the elucidation of the stated compounds from B. macrophylla as well as its glucose uptake study

Isolation, identification and bioassay of flavonoids from Bouea macrophylla Griff

Bouea macrophylla Griff., a species belonging to the Anacardiaceae family is a flowering plant native to Southeast Asia and also known as kundang, kundang daun besar, and setar in Malaysia. The fruit can be eaten raw or as a pickle, while the young leaves can be consumed as salads. It has been claimed to be able to accelerate wound healing, prevent cancer, reduce the risk of stroke, and enhance blood circulation. The previous study on the plant from the same genus, known as B. oppositofolia has shown the presence of various flavonoids. The present study was designed to isolate and elucidate flavonoids from this plant. The twig extract of kundang was purified by using several chromatographic techniques including Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC), Column Chromatography (CC), and preparative-Thin Layer Chromatography (pTLC). The structures of isolated compounds were characterized by using spectroscopic methods including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectral data, as well as comparison with the data reported in the literature. Five flavonoids were isolated and purified from the twigs of B. macrophylla which includes one flavanonol known as garbanzol; one flavonol which is resokaempferol; one flavandiol characterized as catechin; and two flavandiol known as mollisacacidin and guibourtacacidin. The results of the glucose uptake experiment indicated that the extract and compounds tested affected the glucose uptake rate of the insulin-resistant C2C12 cell line as compared to the standard. This is the first report describing the elucidation of the stated compounds from B. macrophylla as well as its glucose uptake study

Anthraquinones with Antiplasmodial Activity from the Roots of

molecule

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) walp

Syzygium polyanthum has been used as folk medicine to treat ailments related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of stem bark and root bark of the plant were investigated. The experiments that have been carried out were estimation of total phenolic and total flavonoid in the methanol extracts and fractions of both parts, isolation and structure elucidation of chemical compounds, anti-inflammatory activity evaluation based on inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in the LPS-induced human whole blood using radioimmunoassay technique as well as antioxidant activity based on assays by using free radical scavenging DPPH and FRAP. Results showed high amounts of phenolics and flavonoids in both parts of S. polyanthum. Seven compounds were succesfully isolated from the stem bark and identified as stigmasterol (1), 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-pentylisocoumarin (2), 3,3’-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), methylgallate (4), asiatic acid (5), arjunolic acid (6), and daucosterol (7). The ethyl acetate fraction of the root bark showed potent inhibitory activity on the production of PGE2 (IC50 3.03 ± 0.83 μg/mL). The methanol extract of the stem bark displaying promising DPPH scavenging activity (SC50 = 2.82 ± 0.1 μg/mL) and FRAP activity (7.02 ± 0.1 μg/μg of equivalent trolox amount). Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 showed pronounced inhibitory activity on the PGE2 production with IC50 ranging from 0.052 to 1.25 μM. Meanwhile, compound 4 exhibited antioxidant activity toward DPPH (SC50 10.60 μM) and FRAP (20.5 ± 1.0 μg/μg). The study concluded that S. polyanthum as a potential source for therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities

In vitro appraisal of antibacterial activity of Entada spiralis’s leaves extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia chrysanthemi and Erwinia carotovora

Entada spiralis Ridl. or also known as ‘akar beluru’ or ‘akar sintok’, is one of the least studied species in the Fabaceae family. The species was famous for its soap-like properties in which the natives use them as soap and shampoo for hygiene and treating itchiness. The phytochemicals and biochemicals properties of this plant have always been an interesting area to be discovered, as the study of the species is still scanty. In this study, the aim is to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the E. spiralis leaves extracts against two Gram-negative phytobacteria species, Erwinia chrysanthemi (ATCC 437624) and Erwinia carotovora (ATCC 15713) for the discovery of the natural active bactericides. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol were used as menstruum in producing the extracts through cold maceration method. The extracts were subjected to screening tests for identification of phytochemicals which revealed the presence of phenolics, terpenoids, saponins, coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins. Antibacterial activities of the extracts were assessed via Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method by measuring the inhibition zones post-incubation for 24 hours at room temperature. While, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated through broth microdilution method after incubation at room temperature for 24 hours. Output data from this study showed that, methanol extract against E. chrysanthemi and ethyl acetate extract against E. carotovora have the maximum zone of inhibition in antibacterial susceptibility with 22.7 ± 0.6 mm and 26.3 ± 0.6 mm respectively at 400 mg/mL concentration. In accordance with MIC, E. chrysanthemi was revealed to be most susceptible in methanol extract with MIC value of 1.56 ± 0.00 mg/mL (MBC value at 3.13 ± 0.00 mg/mL). E. carotovora has been determined to be best susceptible also in ethyl acetate extracts with MIC values of 0.65 ± 0.23 mg/mL (MBC value at 2.60 ± 0.90 mg/mL)

Random amplified polymorphism DNA profile of Listeria monocytogenes from raw and ready-to-eat foods in Malaysia

Listeria monocytogenes subtyping is important in food processing environment or in epidemiological studies in order to identify the contamination sources and spreading routes, and to investigate the food-borne outbreaks. This study employs the combination of serotyping and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) analysis methods to characterize the isolated L. monocytogenes strains in food samples from local markets. Listeria antisera kit was used in serotyping which grouped L. monocytogenes isolates based on the expression of somatic and flagellar antigens. The L. monocytogenes serovars were further classified into RAPD types based on polymorphic banding patterns generated by using 10 random RAPD primers. The 23 isolated strains were divided into four different serotypes consisting 4b (43.5%), 1/2b (34.8%), 4d (8.70%) and 4e (4.35%) with two untypable isolates (8.70%). 11 banding patterns were obtained from each selected primer, OPA10 and OPA14 with DNA fragments ranging from approximately 0.15 kb to 1.1 kb. The constructed dendograms showed similarity percentage of 4% to 100% for OPA10, 12% to 100% for OPA14 and 4% to 100% for combination of primers. At a comparative genetic similarity of more than 90%, 21 distinguish RAPD profiles were obtained. The discriminatory of RAPD analysis method was proven as it could distinguish the isolates from the same serovar. However, between the two primers used, OPA14 provide better discriminatory results than OPA10 although it failed to type one isolate. These findings suggest that the application of RAPD analysis could be a useful tool in characterization of L. monocytogenes isolated from foods as it may provide important information on cross-contamination potential sites. Thus, the microbial monitoring should be applied and continuously performed in order to control listeriosis infection. The data may be useful for the food producers or epidemiological and public health studies of Listeria spp

The Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Structural Identification Activity of Trimer Resveratrol from Malaysia's Dipterocarpaceae

Abstract: Dipterocarpus verrucosus is known as "keruing merah" by the local is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak). In this study we wish to report on characterization of trimer resveratrol from the Dipterocarpus verrocosus as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The structure of the compound was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR analyses and comparison with previous data. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, TPC, FTC and TBA. Meanwhile for antibacterial it was screened again E.coli, Klebsiella pneunomonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The testing was carried out by the disc diffusion method. The result indicated that α-viniferin, resveratrol trimer from Dipterocarpus verrucosus gave moderate activity towards antibacterial and antioxidant values. This report is very important for the chemotaxonomy of Dipterocarpaceae family since from the literature review this is first work on this species which no chemical and biological report was evaluated