Geochemistry of granitoids of the Lalezar area (Kerman, Iran)

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within the Urumiyeh-Dokhtar Volcanic Belt (U-DVB) which is the largest volcanic belt in Central Iran. These granitoids intrude Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks and range from gabbrodiorites to granites, with dominance of diorites and tonalites. The mineral composition of the most felsic rocks is characterized by the abundance of Na-plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspar and biotite (and hornblende, in granodiorites and tonalites). In dioritic and gabbroic rocks, plagioclase (Ca-rich, in the most mafic lithologies), hornblende, biotite and clinopyroxene are the most common minerals, sometimes accompanied by orthopyroxene. Two kind of enclaves have been identified within the intrusive rocks: some display the same features of the andesitic country volcanic rocks, and therefore, are interpreted as xenoliths; others have mineral assemblages similar to those of the enclosing granitoid but with larger proportions of mafic minerals, which suggests that they can represent disrupted portions of sectors of the magma chamber where preferential settling of heavy minerals took place. Major element geochemical data show that the Lazelar granitoids are mostly metaluminous, although the most felsic members (granites) attain slightly peraluminous compositions, with A/CNK varying from 0.85 to 1.03. Harker diagrams show, in general, good linear correlations that agree with a genetic relationship between the different granitoids, through fractional crystallization of plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole, oxide minerals and apatite. In primitive mantle-normalized trace element spiderdiagrams, the analysed samples display strong enrichment in LILE compared to HFSE (15.78≤ RbN/YN ≤ 81.96), accompanied by negative anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti. REE chondrite-normalized plots show moderate LREE enrichment (3.32 ≤ LaN/LuN ≤ 6.36) and slight to strong negative Eu anomalies (0.46 ≤ Eu/Eu* ≤ 0.92). In conclusion, the petrographical and geochemical features show that the Lalezar intrusives fit into I-type granitoids, belong to the calc-alkaline series and probably have been generated in a continental arc setting, which agrees with models previously presented to the U-DVB

Petrogenesis of the Lalezar granitoid intrusions (Kerman Province – Iran)

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within volcanic successions of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage (UDMA). These granitoids have a range from gabbro-diorites to granites in composition. The mineral compositions of the most felsic rocks are characterized by the abundances of Na-plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspar, biotite and hornblende. In the gabbro-diorite rocks, plagioclase (Ca-rich), hornblende, biotite and clinopyroxene are the most common minerals. Major element geochemical data show that the Lalezar granitoids are mostly metaluminous, although the most felsic members (granites) attain slightly peraluminous compositions and that they have features typical of high-K calc-alkaline rocks. In primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams, the analysed samples display strong enrichment in LILE compared to HFSE, accompanied by negative anomalies of Nb,Ta and Ti. REE chondrite-normalized plots show moderate LREE enrichment with slight to strong negative Eu anomalies. Rb–Sr geochronological data, mainly dependent on the Sr isotopic composition of biotite, was obtained in two samples and it points to 15-16 Ma. As a probable, age for the emplacement of the studied intrusives. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and ƐNdi values range from 0.70495 to 0.70565 from +3.1 to +1.5 respectively, which fit into a supra-subduction mantle wedge source for the parental melts and indicates that, in general, crustal contribution for magma diversification was not relevant. Geochemical and isotopic evidence reveal that the Lalezar intrusions are cogenetic I-type granitoids which were generated in a continental arc setting, in agreement with models previously presented in the UDMA

Effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance and Gut Morpholog yin Broiler Chickens

This study evaluates the effects of different levels of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplement on growth performance and gut morphology in broilers (Ross 308 strain) raised at high altitude (2100 m). A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicate pens of 15 birds in each. Five dietary treatments were prepared by supplementing GAA at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg to corn-soy based diet and fed to broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Results indicated that weight gain and feed:gain ratio was significantly improved in the chickens when GAA was supplemented to control diet. Carcass and breast yields were significantly increased by GAA supplementation at 1 g/kg relative to the control. On the other hand, dietary inclusion of GAA significantly (P< 0.05)reduced the proportions of liver, heart and abdominal fat when compared to the control. The villus height, width and absorptive surface area in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum sections were significantly improved at GAA supplementation above 0.5 g/kg. However, the crypt depth showed a significant decrease in all parts of the small intestine compared to the control (P< 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with GAA could be an effective strategy to improve growth performance and gut function

Petrology, geochemistry and tectonomagmatic evolution of Hezar Igneous Complex (Rayen - south of Kerman - Iran): the first description of an arc remnant of the Neotethyan subduction zone

The Hezar Igneous Complex (HIC) in the south-eastern part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, is the most prominent magmatic feature in the Kerman Porphyry Copper Belt, that understanding magmatic evolution of which may shed light on the tectonomagmatic development of this less-studied part of an important magmatic arc in the Neotethys realm. The HIC has been developed in the the intersection of the N-S striking Sabzevaran fault and the NW-SE striking Rafsanjan-Rayen fault. It is indicated that the possible place of the conduit and vent is in Jalas Mountain which has been splitted later by the Sabzevaran fault into Minor and Major Jalas. The current summit had been constructed by ascending magma chamber under the HIC that constitutes the Kamali Mountain at the south of the summit. Some plutonic rocks of the HIC are exposed at Kamali Mountain. The subalkaline rocks of this complex mainly are composed of different pyroclastic and lava flow rocks, acidic to basic in composition, showing the evidences of fractional crystallization and mineral segregation. Sequential explosive and effusive eruptions with Strombolian to Vulcanian types are evident in the successive volcanic layers. The compositional trend shows the melting of spinel lherzolite, not garnet lherzolite. The subduction-related mechanism of the magma genesis has been indicated by IAB nature of the magma formation in geochemical diagrams.publishe

The extracellular vesicles-derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: A new therapeutic option in regenerative medicine

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells that due to their ability to homing to damaged tissues and differentiate into specialized cells, are remarkable cells in the field of regenerative medicine. It's suggested that the predominant mechanism of MSCs in tissue repair might be related to their paracrine activity. The utilization of MSCs for tissue repair is initially based on the differentiation ability of these cells; however now it has been revealed that only a small fraction of the transplanted MSCs actually fuse and survive in host tissues. Indeed, MSCs supply the microenvironment with the secretion of soluble trophic factors, survival signals and the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosome. Also, the paracrine activity of EVs could mediate the cellular communication to induce cell- differentiation/self-renewal. Recent findings suggest that EVs released by MSCs may also be critical in the physiological function of these cells. This review provides an overview of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as a hopeful opportunity to advance novel cell-free therapy strategies that might prevail over the obstacles and risks associated with the use of native or engineered stem cells. EVs are very stable; they can pass the biological barriers without rejection and can shuttle bioactive molecules from one cell to another, causing the exchange of genetic information and reprogramming of the recipient cells. Moreover, extracellular vesicles may provide therapeutic cargo for a wide range of diseases and cancer therapy. Key Words: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Extracellular vesicles, Exosome, Regenerative medicine

Oral consumption of α-linolenic acid increases serum BDNF levels in healthy adult humans

Background aims: Dietary omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids have remarkable impacts on the levels of DHA in the brain and retina. Low levels of DHA in plasma and blood hamper visual and neural development in children and cause dementia and cognitive decline in adults. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) changes with dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake. BDNF is known for its effects on promoting neurogenesis and neuronal survival. Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of the oral consumption of α-Linolenic acid (ALA) on blood levels of BDNF and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in healthy adult humans. 30 healthy volunteers, 15 men and 15 women, were selected randomly. Each individual served as his or her own control. Before consuming the Flaxseed oil capsules, 5cc blood from each individual was sampled in order to measure the plasma levels of BDNF and MDA as baseline controls. During the experiment, each individual was given 3 oral capsules of flaxseed oil, containing 500mg of alpha linolenic acid, daily for one week. Then, plasma levels of BDNF and MDA were tested. Results: The plasma levels of BDNF and MDA significantly (P < 0.05) increased in individuals who received the oral capsules of ALA. Plasma levels of BDNF increased more in the women in comparison with the men. Conclusion: ALA treatment could be a feasible approach to reduce size of infarcts in stroke patients. Thus, ALA could be used in adjunction with routine stroke therapies to minimize brain lesions caused by stroke. © 2015 Hadjighassem et al.; licensee BioMed Central

Association of nuclear and mitochondrial genes with audiological examinations in Iranian patients with nonaminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss

Mitochondrial DNA mutations play an important role in causing sensorineural hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the mitochondrial genes RNR1, MT-TL1, and ND1 as well as the nuclear genes GJB2 and GJB6 with audiological examinations in nonfamilial Iranians with cochlear implants, using polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and RNA secondary structure analysis. We found that there were no novel mutations in the mitochondrial gene 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1) in patients with and without GJB2 mutation (GJB2+and GJB2-, respectively), but a total of six polymorphisms were found. No mutations were observed in tRNALeu(UUR) (MT-TL1). Furthermore, eight polymorphisms were found in the mitochondrial ND1 gene. Additionally, no mutations were observed in the nuclear GJB6 gene in patients in the GJB2- and GJB2+ groups. The speech intelligibility rating and category of auditory perception tests were statistically assessed in patients in the GJB2- and GJB2+ groups. The results indicated that there was a significant difference (P &lt;0.05) between the categories of auditory perception score in the GJB2- group compared to that in the GJB2+group. Successful cochlear implantation was observed among individuals with GJB2 mutations (GJB2+) and mitochondrial polymorphisms compared to those without GJB2 mutations (GJB2-). In conclusion, the outcome of this study suggests that variation in the mitochondrial and nuclear genes may influence the penetrance of deafness. Therefore, further genetic and functional studies are required to help patients in making the best choice for cochlear implants. © 2016 Balali et al

Determination of optimum dosage of Ovaprim injectionon artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius

This project was conducted to goal of optimum dosage determination of ovaprim injection to artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. 3 female and 6 male brooders injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments injected by 10, 20 and 30 µg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment as a control injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average weight of brooders were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100 ±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females and 689±145, 734±197, 547±118 and 794±238 g in males, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured 77.8 ±19.24 , 88.9 ± 19.24 , 55.5 ±50.91 and 55.5 ± 19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4 ± 9.58, 88.9 ±19.26 , 83.3±28.86 and 88.9 ± 19.26 % in male brooders, respectively, but there was no significant different between all of treatments (p<0.05). Incubation period from fertilization till hatching step in 7 to 15 ˚C was 5 to 10 days with average of 7±1.5 days. Fertilization content was in 1 to 4 treatments measured 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively and also the treatments didn’t show any different significantly together (p<0.05). Average percentage of eyed eggs 66.6±15.9 in treat 1, 61.2±22.3 in treat 2, 58.3±10.7 in treat 3 and 56.1±15.04 in treat 4, without any significant different between of them (p<0.05). Hatching of eggs mean were measured 27.41±19.8 in treat 1, 39.53±26.9 in treat 2, 95.18±5.6 in treat 3 and 26.78±12.4 in treat 4, and significant different observed between of them too (p<0.05).In the other hand, mean percent of larvae with active feeding in these treatments were measured 18.77±14.6, 20.1±8.51, 55.6±11.6 and 14.51±7.72 as the treatments had significant different (p<0.05). Also, the best temperature and dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 9 to 12.5 ˚C and 20µg/kg BW, respectively. The end of trial, from 103740 larvae introduced to earthen pond obtained 8000 fingerlings with weight of 2.68±0.6 g and length of 6.96±0.51 cm