PENGARUH HARGA TIKET, KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN FASILITAS ARMADA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN KELAS BISNIS PO. MUJI JAYA CITRA MANDRI

Perusahaan dari PO Muji Jaya Citra Mandiri penurunan penumpang kelas bisnis setelah lebaran yang ada pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Nopember 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh harga tiket, kualitas pelayanan dan fasilitas armada terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada PO. Muji Jaya Citra Mandiri. Variable yang diajukan adalah tiga variable bebas, yaitu harga tiket, kualitas pelayanan dan fasilitas armada serta satu variable terikat, yaitu kepuasan konsumen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuesioner terhadap konsumen kelas bisnis PO. Muji Jaya Citra Mandiri dan dilakukan regresi menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel harga tiket, kualitas pelayanan dan fasilitas armada berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada PO. Muji Jaya Citra Mandiri. Perusahaan perlu lebih meningkatkan segala fasilitas yang ada dalam armada bus ini. Selain itu, perusahaan juga dapat memberikan paket promo dan potongan harga pada even tertentu sehingga bisa lebih meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan

Local (Malaysian) leech as alternative healing treatment and an Islamic perspective

The therapy is known from the time of extreme antiquity, dating back more than 2,500 years ago and still being practiced nowadays. This fact testifies to its efficiency in various health problems. In some cases, traditional medical practitioners use leeches for therapeutic healing treatment which is known as ‘cupping’. Such remedial method is quickly gaining acceptance amongst the local folks which is now becoming a thriving business. Some have made this treatment as their main business even though the therapy is quite recent for people in this country. This article discusses the process of cupping by using leech in the Islamic perspective and also the uniqueness of the hirudin protein in leeches respectively

Involvement of CYP450 system in hepatoprotective activity of Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)-produced virgin coconut oils.

The present study aims to determine the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system in hepatoprotective activity of virgin coconut oils produced by Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI). Paracetamol (PCM)-induced hepatotoxic rat was used as a model. Liver injury induced by 3 g/kg PCM increased the liver weight and liver enzymes (e.g. alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphate (ALP)) and decreased cell viability indicating liver damage. Histological observation also confirms liver damage indicated by the presence of inflammations and necrosis. Pre-treatment with VCOA or VCOB reversed the significantly (P < 0.05) reversed PCM toxic effect. Groups pre-treated withvirgin coconut oil (VCOs) followed by inhibitor or inducer of CYP450 demonstrated significant (P < 0.0.5) increase in liver weight, liver enzymes levels and decrease in cell viability, which are, however, significantly (P < 0.05) less remarkable as compared to group treated with PCM alone. In conclusion, VCO possessed hepatoprotective effect, which is believed to be mediated via a non-CYP450 system and might be associated partly with the antioxidant potential of the oil. Further studies are warranted to determine the actual mechanisms of hepatoprotection involved

Antinociceptive activity of a synthetic oxopyrrolidine-based compound, ASH21374, and determination of its possible mechanisms

This study was carried out to determine the antinociceptive activity of a novel synthetic oxopyrrolidine-based compound, (2R,3R,4S)-ethyl 4-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (ASH21374), and to elucidate the involvement of the opioid, vanilloid, glutamate, and nitric oxide – cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) systems in modulating the observed antinociception. ASH21374, in the doses of 2, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass, was administered orally to mice 60 mins prior to exposure to various antinociceptive assays. From the results obtained, ASH21374 exhibited significant (P< 0.05) antinociceptive activity in the abdominal constriction, hot-plate, and formalin tests that was comparable with 100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid or 5 mg/kg morphine, respectively. ASH21374 also attenuated capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking. Pre-treatment with 5 mg/kg naloxone significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited the activity in all assays, while pretreatment with 10 mg/k-funaltraxamine, 1 mg/kg naltrindole, or 1 mg/kg nor-binaltorphimine significantly (P< 0.05) reversed the activity in the abdominal constriction test. L-Arginine,NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME), methylene blue, and their combinations, failed to inhibit the ASH21374 antinociceptive activity. In conclusion, ASH21374 demonstrated antinociceptive activities on the peripheral and central nervous systems, mediated through the activation of opioid receptors, inhibition of the glutamatergic system, and attenuation of vanilloid-mediated nociceptive transmission. Further studies have been planned to determine the pharmacological potential of ASH21374

Antihypercholesterolemia property and fatty acid composition of MARDI-produced virgin coconut oils

Virgin coconut oil (VCO), or in Malays known as ‘minyak kelapa dara’, has gain a lot of attention recently due to various medicinal values. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding two types of VCOs, VCOA (produced via a standard drying method) or VCOB (prepared via fermentation process), that were produced by Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) in lowering the plasma lipid parameter in rabbits. Nine groups of New Zealand White male rabbits (n = 6/group) were used in this study. Group 1 and 2 animals were treated with 0.9% normal saline, but fed either with a normal or cholesterol-added diet (negative control), respectively. Group 3 - 5 and 6 - 8 were given orally with the different volume (0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 ml/kg/day) of VCOA or VCOB followed by the cholesterol-added diet. Group 9 were treated with 5 mg/kg Atorvastatin and fed a cholesterol-added diet. All groups were treated for 8 weeks and blood samples were taken from the marginal ear vein prior to treatment (day 0), weeks 4 and 8 for the analysis of plasma. The rabbits fed with different volume of VCOs showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels compared to the control group in weeks 4 and 8. The triglycerides level increased significantly (P < 0.05) on week 4 before reduced on week 8, to a level that is still significant when compared to week 0. The HDL level also increased significantly (P < 0.05) on weeks 4 and 8 after treatment. Fatty acid analysis revealed the presence of all important fatty acids. Both VCOs showed insignificant effect on all parameters measured when compared together. In conclusion, the MARDI-produced VCOs appeared to possess great potentials as antihypercholesterolemic agent that required further in-depth study

Rapid spectrophotometric determination, characterization and anti-inflammatory efficacy evaluation of nanoencapsulated diclofenac sodium

This study was aimed to develop a simple and reproducible spectrophotometric method for the characterization of diclofenac sodium (DS) and to evaluate the efficacy of orally administered liposome encapsulated as well as free form DS in animal model. A simple, rapid and economical spectrophotometric analytical procedure with estimation in UV-visible region was performed on DS using dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. Parameters such as time, temperature and types of solvent were studied for 20 μg/mL DS solution at 295 nm. All parameters and results of analysis were statistically validated. Liposome-encapsulated and free form DS samples were subjected to characterization study that includes entrapment efficacy determination and particle size analysis. Drug samples were further tested for their in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy using histamine-induced paw edema test. Under optimized parameters, the Beer’s law is obeyed in range of 0.625-40 μg/mL at λmax 295 nm. A linear working range of 5-35 μg/mL with regression coefficient of 0.9978 was obtained by using seven triplicate analyses of drug samples at seven different concentrations. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was 1.19 and 3.62 μg/mL, respectively. Result of characterization study showed that the optimum formulation, which has high entrapment efficacy of 87 %, homogenous in size (polydispersity index 0.27), stable and reproducible, were obtained by using the Pro-Lipo Duo with 10 h hydration time and 16 mg/g DS. The liposome encapsulated DS resulted in significant (P < 0.05) inhibition up to 86 % in histamine-induced paw edema test. Present study successfully demonstrated an optimized procedure as per ICH guidelines in detection and evaluation of DS. In addition, nano-encapsulation of DS using liposome was found to demonstrate a potential enhancement in therapeutic efficacy

Tahlili manhaj at-ta'lim lid Duktur V. Abdurrahim fi kitabihi Durus Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah Lighayrin Natiqin Biha

Proses-proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran (P&P) bahasa Arab adalah berdasarkan metodologi-metodologi tertentu yang sesuai dengan objektif dan hasil pembelajaran bagi memastikan keberkesanan sesuatu model. Oleh hal yang demikian, para pendidik dan penyelidik telah membentangkan pelbagai metodologi berserta model yang sesuai untuk P&P bahasa Arab terutamanya bagi para pelajar yang bukan penutur asal bahasa Arab. Dalam kepelbagaian metodologi berserta model ini, penyelidik dalam kajian ini tertarik untuk mengkaji metodologi pengajaran yang diketengahkan oleh Dr. V. Abd. Rahim di dalam bukunya (model) â Durus Al-Lughah Al-âArabiyyah Li Ghayri Al-Natiqina Biha (Pelajaran-pelajaran Bahasa Arab untuk Bukan Penutur Arab). Beliau telah membentangkan satu metodologi berserta model yang menarik untuk pengajaran kaedah tatabahasa (Qawa'id) bahasa Arab sehingga para pelajar mudah memahaminya. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis metodologi yang digunakan di dalam buku (model) tersebut dengan menerangkan setiap pelajaran yang terdapat di dalam buku serta cadangan cara atau pendekatan pengajaran yang dimuatkan di dalam buku khas untuk pengajar. Di samping itu, kajian ini turut menyatakan beberapa kelebihan dan kelemahan yang dikenal pasti di dalam metodologi dan buku (model) tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian analisis deskripsi. Kesimpulan daripada dapatan kajian, penyelidik mendapati metodologi Dr. V. Abd. Rahim di dalam buku (model)nya adalah merupakan di antara metodologi dan model yang sangat baik. Metodologi dan model ini bukan sahaja amat sesuai untuk para pelajar bukan penutur asal bahasa Arab bagi memahami kaedah asas tatabahasa bahasa Arab, malah sangat sesuai untuk para pelajar peringkat permulaan yang berminat untuk melengkapkan diri mereka dengan asas bahasa sebelum meneroka ke bidang bahasa secara lebih mendalam