Doubly Special Relativity: A New Relativity or Not?

Double Special Relativity theories are the relativistic theories in which the transformations between inertial observers are characterized by two observer-independent scales of the light speed and the Planck length. We study two main examples of these theories and want to show that these theories are not the new theories of relativity, but only are re-descriptions of Einstein's special relativity in the non-conventional coordinates.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figures, to appear in proceedings of ERE2005, the XXVIII Spanish Relativity Meeting, Oviedo, Spai

Analysis and control of harmful emissions from combustion processes

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The harmful effects of air pollutants on human beings and environment have been the major reason for efforts in sampling, analysis and control of their sources. The major pollutants emitted to atmosphere from stationary combustion processes are nitrogen oxides, inorganic acids, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and soot. In the current work two methods are developed for sampling and analysis of volatile chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and semi-volatile chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons for example 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) by using solid sorbent, thermal desorption and high resolution GC-MS. The capacity of several solid sorbents is compared by breakthrough value and percentage recovery ofthe analyte from the sorbent. The thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and PVC in the presence of metals is studied because PVC is a polymer commonly found in solid waste derived from medical waste, car recycling and electrical cable. Harmful pollutant emissions from combustion and pyrolysis of PVC are measured using the novel method developed in this work. The main inorganic volatile is HCl while benzene is the major volatile organic formed under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. The thermal degradation of PVC produces a large number of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and short chain linear gases. A study is designed for control of harmful pollutants from combustion of PVC including HCl, aromatic hydrocarbon, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and soot. It is reported that the presence of metal oxides have the ability to control the level of harmful emissions by facilitating the producing of more short chain linear gases. A study is designed for control of harmful pollutants from combustion of PVC including HCl, aromatic hydrocarbon, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and soot. It is reported that the presence of metal oxides have the ability to control the level of harmful emissions by facilitating the producing of more short chain linear gases. Two methods are developed for the control of soot from liquid and gas combustion process by using applied fields, Magnetic and electric fields. In this study, it is shown that an increase in applied field strength leads to an increase in flame temperature but a decrease in the length of flame. The level of soot emission was decreased in presence of an applied field. A discussion of the effect of applied fields on the combustion process is given.This work is funded by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of the Islamic Republic of Ira

GDP and Economic Well-being: New Evidence from Selected Developed Countries

GDP per capita often used in judgment about countries economic well-being, but any judgment based on it ignores some issues, therefore argues that a better index of economic well-being is IEWB (Index of Economic Well-being). Stevenson and Wolfers (2008), and Osberg and Sharpe (2001), mentioned that there is a positive relationship between GDP per capita and IEWB .in this paper we study a causal relationship between them; to this purpose we use the data of selected high income countries during 1980-2007.Finding shows that GDP is granger causal of IEWB except Norway that there aren’t any causal relationship between GDP and IEWB

Scientific Output and GDP: Evidence from Countries around the World

Scientific output is one of the important determinants of economic development in countries around the world. The extremely high scientific productivity of developing countries can be corrected by increased funding as investment on publications and also as a measure of scientific output. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the casual relationship between scientific output and GDP in 176 countries from both developing as well as developed countries. Our findings based on estimated regression models using a panel data for the periods 1996-2007 indicate that except in poor countries, there is a two-way and positive relationship between scientific output and GDP