Coherent Topological Charge Structure in CPN−1CP^{N-1} Models and QCD

In an effort to clarify the significance of the recent observation of long-range topological charge coherence in QCD gauge configurations, we study the local topological charge distributions in two-dimensional $CP^{N-1}$ sigma models, using the overlap Dirac operator to construct the lattice topological charge. We find long-range sign coherence of topological charge along extended one-dimensional structures in two-dimensional spacetime. We discuss the connection between the long range topological structure found in $CP^{N-1}$ and the observed sign coherence along three-dimensional sheets in four-dimensional QCD gauge configurations. In both cases, coherent regions of topological charge form along membrane-like surfaces of codimension one. We show that the Monte Carlo results, for both two-dimensional and four-dimensional gauge theory, support a view of topological charge fluctuations suggested by Luscher and Witten. In this framework, the observed membranes are associated with boundaries between ``k-vacua,'' characterized by an effective local value of $\theta$ which jumps by $\pm 2\pi$ across the boundary.Comment: 26 page

valuation of rapeseed genotypes for yield and oil quality under rainfed conditions of district Mansehra

Five rapeseed genotypes were evaluated for agronomic parameters, yield, oil quantity and quality. Significant differences were observed for all the parameters except oil and protein percentage. The genotype Siren outperformed the rest of genotypes in yield potential (1104 kg/ha), followed by MRS-1 (866.67 kg/ha). For yield contributing characters like length of inflorescence and pods per plant, genotype Siren again showed good results that are, 51.3 cm and 136.5 pods/plant, respectively. The genotype Siren also showed low glucosinolate (44.82 ìmol/g), erucic acid (23.67 ìmol/g) and higher amounts of oleic acid (59.01%). Due to its high yield and oil quality, the genotype Siren is recommended for general cultivation in the area and further use in breeding programmes for Brassica napus

PLANNED BEHAVIOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INTENTION TO CREATE A NEW VENTURE AMONG YOUNG GRADUATES

This paper attempts to investigate whether young graduates possess the leadership style that is pre-requisite to become entrepreneur. The paper further examines the role of higher education towards the desire of new venture creation among young graduates in developing economies specially. This study analyzed the response of 225 final-semester students at different universities in Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Lahore. A questionnaire based survey instrument was used. Result of the present study shows that education and new venture creation are positively and significantly correlated. The results further indicate that all variables used in this study are significantly correlated with intention to create a new venture. The limitation of this study is that it includes business and economics discipline students only. Further studies may investigate and examine the possibilities of similar outcomes among students of other disciplines including science, engineering, medicine, agriculture and law etc. The present study will, however, provide insight to future policy makers and planners to consider strategies for optimally utilizing the expertise and potentials of the young graduates. The academicians, educators, and university authorities have rethink what to teach? How to teach? In order to effectively prepare-young generation for the forthcoming challenges.entrepreneurship, leadership style, new venture creation, planned behavior, young graduates.

REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF JERSEY COWS UNDER SUBTROPICAL CONDITIONS OF THE PUNJAB

Various parameters of reproductive efficiency of Jersey cows kept at the Livestock Experiment Station, Bhunikey (Pattoki), District Kasur, for the period from 1991 to 2000 were studied. The average values of age at maturity and age at first calving were 615.48 ± 8.23 and 926.48 ± 10.29 days, respectively and the differences of these parameters during different seasons of birth were statistically non-significant. The average calving to first insemination interval, service period and calving interval were 86.65 ± 1.71, 152.66 ± 4.85 and 430.15 ± 4.87 days, respectively. The differences of calving to first insemination interval among cows calved during different seasons were statistically non-significant. But the differences of calving to first insemination interval during 1st lactation were significant (P<0.05) with those of 6th, 7th and 9th lactations. Service period and calving interval in the Jersey cows calved during humid hot season were significantly (P<0.05) shorter as compared to those of cows calved during dry hot and spring seasons. Effect of parity on the service period was non-significant, but the effect of parity on the calving interval was significant (P<0.05), when the difference of calving interval during 7th and 8th lactation was compared. The average number of services per conception was 2.81 ± 0.09. The effect of parity on the number of services per conception was significant (P<0.05). The average gestation period was 277.63 ± 0.21 days. Higher gestation period was observed in cows carrying male calves than those carrying female calves (P<0.05). The frequency of calvings during winter, spring, dry hot, humid hot and autumn seasons was 19.32, 19.20, 9.79, 33.25 and 18.44 percent, respectively

Characteristics of Mineral Oil-based Nanofluids for Power Transformer Application

Trends in the field of nanomaterial-based transformer oil show most of the conducted works have focused only on the transformer oil-based nanofluids but limited studies on the stability of transformer oil-based nanofluids. Since mineral oil-based nanofluids still can produce the sedimentation, thus the cold-atmospheric pressure plasma method is proposed to functionally modify the Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) nanofiller in order to enhance the electrical properties of the mineral oil-based nanofluids. The AC breakdown strength oil samples before and after modification were measured. It was found that the plasma treated nanofluids have higher AC breakdown voltage compared to pure oil and untreated nanofluids. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy has been used in this study to analyse the physical changes of oil samples. It is envisaged that the added silica nanofiller has significant effect on electrical properties of the transformer oil-based nanofluids which would enable to the development of an improved class of liquid dielectric for the application of power transformer