A Critical Study on the Reasons of the Unity of the Truth of Existence in Ibn Arabī’s Mystical school and Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn's Philosophy

The issue of existence is regarded as the most fundamental issues in philosophy and mysticism. It has always been important to discuss the truth of existence as the most fundamental issue in Islamic philosophy and Islamic mysticism and the subscription and dissociation point of these two sciences has been always important. Ibn Arabī, as a theorist of theoretical mysticism in the Islamic thought, considers the truth of existence as the central theme of this science, and other things are the manifestations, the dignity, the aspects and the emergence of this truth. There is just the existence of right. Existence is a single truth. In fact there is no other than the single truth, and this truth is not multiplicative. In his school there are three arguments based on the immortality, the inexplicability, and the essentiality of existence. In Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn's thought, three arguments have been presented based on Sadrian's special meaning of causality, non-solitary of existence, and the Basit al-Haqiqah (simple truth). The article criticizes these arguments and examines the approach of the mystical school of Ibn Arabī and Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn

Comparison of self-esteem and coping responses in infertile and fertile couples from Shahrekord, during 2003-2004

زمینه و هدف: ناباروری یک بیماری است که در آن، زنان در خلال یک سال فعالیت جنسی، بدون استفاده از روشهای پیشگیری، قادر به بارداری نباشند. عزت نفس، یک روش روانشناختی است که به وسیله آن یک شخص خودش را ارزیابی می نماید. پاسخ های مقابله ای، روشهای ادراکی هستند که برای برخورد و مقابله با نگرانی های زندگی به کار می روند. مطالعات روانشناختی در زوجین نابارور نشان داده که ناباروری، یک بحران بیولوژیکی - روانشناختی است که می تواند مشکلات روانشناختی در این افراد ایجاد کند. به همین دلیل، هدف از این بررسی، مقایسه عزت نفس و پاسخ های مقابله ای در زوجین نابارور در شهرکرد در سالهای 82 تا 83 بوده است. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی 50 زوج نابارور که به کلینیک زنان بیمارستان هاجر یا مطب پزشک متخصص زنان به دلیل مشکلات ناباروری مراجعه کرده بودند و 50 زوج بارور که به طور تصادفی از بین زوجین بارور مراجعه کننده به کلینک زنان و متخصص زنان انتخاب شدند. افراد مورد پژوهش با استفاده از آزمون های عزت نفس کوپر اسمیت، آزمون مقابله ای بیلینگز و موس و همچنین چک لیست ویژگی های دموگرافیک و سایر اطلاعات مربوط به زوجین مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و اطلاعات جمع آوری شده با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرات عزت نفس در زوج های نابارور 9/8±3/27 و در زوج های بارور 8±7/32 بود (05/0p). علاوه بر این بین سن و عزت نفس در زنان نابارور همبستگی منفی بدست آمد (05/0

Comparative Analysis of Segment Anything Model and U-Net for Breast Tumor Detection in Ultrasound and Mammography Images

In this study, the main objective is to develop an algorithm capable of identifying and delineating tumor regions in breast ultrasound (BUS) and mammographic images. The technique employs two advanced deep learning architectures, namely U-Net and pretrained SAM, for tumor segmentation. The U-Net model is specifically designed for medical image segmentation and leverages its deep convolutional neural network framework to extract meaningful features from input images. On the other hand, the pretrained SAM architecture incorporates a mechanism to capture spatial dependencies and generate segmentation results. Evaluation is conducted on a diverse dataset containing annotated tumor regions in BUS and mammographic images, covering both benign and malignant tumors. This dataset enables a comprehensive assessment of the algorithm's performance across different tumor types. Results demonstrate that the U-Net model outperforms the pretrained SAM architecture in accurately identifying and segmenting tumor regions in both BUS and mammographic images. The U-Net exhibits superior performance in challenging cases involving irregular shapes, indistinct boundaries, and high tumor heterogeneity. In contrast, the pretrained SAM architecture exhibits limitations in accurately identifying tumor areas, particularly for malignant tumors and objects with weak boundaries or complex shapes. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate deep learning architectures tailored for medical image segmentation. The U-Net model showcases its potential as a robust and accurate tool for tumor detection, while the pretrained SAM architecture suggests the need for further improvements to enhance segmentation performance

The resistance response of sunflower genotypes to black stem disease under controlled conditions

Phoma black stem, caused by Phoma macdonaldii, is one of the most important diseases of sunflower in the world. The sources of resistance to Phoma black stem were investigated. A total of 184 genotypes, including some recombinant inbred lines (RILs), several M6 mutant lines obtained by gamma irradiation of seed of the genotype AS 613, and other genotypes from different countries, were evaluated against an aggressive French isolate (MP6) in controlled conditions. The study was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Each replicate consisted of 10–12 seedlings. Twenty μL of spore suspension (106 pycnidiospores mL-1) were deposited on the intersection of the cotyledon petiole and the hypocotyl of sunflower plantlets at the two-leaf stage. The percentage of the area exhibiting disease symptoms was scored on the two cotyledon petioles of each of the plantlets three, five and seven days after inoculation. The disease progress rate (rd), as the slope of the regression line for disease severity against time, was also calculated. Analysis of variance detected significant differences among sunflower genotypes for disease severity 7 days after inoculation,as well as for the disease progress rate. A strong correlation (r=0.96, P<0.01) was found between disease severity 7 days after inoculation and the disease progress rate. The inbred lines F1250/03 (origin: Hungary), M5-54-1, M6-862-1 (mutant lines), SDR 18 (origin: USA) and two wild Helianthus accessions, 1012 Nebraska and 211 Illinois, (wild type) were highly resistant to Phoma black stem. These findings will assist breeders in choosing parent plants for breeding durable resistance to Phoma black stem

Towards a highly customizable framework for release planning process

U razvoju softvera, planiranjem puštanja u promet izabiru se važna svojstva i zahtjevi temeljeni na tehničkim ograničenjima i ograničenjima sredstava te odnosima između zahtjeva. Planiranje puštanja u promet usmjereno je na pronalaženje optimalnog rješenja traženjem raznih stanja. Takav način traženja rješenja otkriva dvije stvari. Prvo, pokazuje da postoje različiti nejasni i nesigurni parametri koji utječu na rješenje. Drugo, da ne postoji samo jedno rješenja za neki problem. Mogu postojati različita rješenja koja se razlikuju po svojim karakteristikama (na pr. u odnosu na trajanje, složenost itd.). Stoga su mnoge metode planiranja puštanja u promet često specifične za samo neke aspekte problema. U ovom se radu istražuju razne postojeće metode za planiranje pokretanja u svrhu pronalaženja nekih općih razmišljanja i aktivnosti za uspostavljanje prilagodljivog okvira za planiranje puštanja u promet. Prilagodba se postiže identificiranjem učinkovitih parametara ili primjera parametara i njihovih odnosa tako da se može izabrati pravi algoritam ili metoda za svaku aktivnost. Karakteristike projekta mogu se odrediti na osnovu primjera parametara te se oni tada primjenjuju za određivanje odgovarajuće metode za izvršavanje pojedine aktivnosti u okviru čitavog postupka planiranja puštanja u promet, a čiji se rezultati bilježe. Taj predloženi okvir vrlo prilagodljivog postupka sa svojim mogućim obilježjima prilagođavanja zatim se ocjenjuje u nekoliko softverskih poduzeća. U 85 % slučajeva predloženi okvir za svaku aktivnost u skladu je s uvjetima poduzeća i pomaže u ubrzanju postupka planiranja puštanja u promet.In software development, release planning is performed to select important features and requirements based on resource and technical constraints and the relationships between requirements. Release planning focuses on finding an optimal solution by seeking various states. This kind of solution finding reveals two remarks. First, it shows that there are various, ambiguous and uncertain parameters that influence the solution. Second, there is not only one solution to any problem. Various solutions can be found that differ in their performance (e.g. time performance, complexity performance, etc.). Consequently, many methods for release planning are often specific to only certain problem domains. This paper examines various current release planning methods to extract the common activities and thoughts in order to establish a customizable framework for release planning. Customization is done by identifying effective parameters, parameter instances and their relationships so that they can affect the selection of the right algorithm or method for each activity. Project characteristics can be specified based on the parameter instances and they are then used to determine the suitable method for achieving each activity within the whole release planning process and the results of which are recorded. This proposed highly customizable process framework with its possible customization features is then validated in several software companies. In 85 % of the cases, the suggested framework for every activity of the process fits the companies’ circumstances and helps to hasten the process of release planning

Shrimp and other crustacean strategic planning

Subphylum of crustacean are one of the most diverse groups of animals, which shrimps and crayfishes have the highest value among the aquatics, and ranked in top ten of group. 18 species of shrimp inhabit in Persian gulf and Oman sea, but only Penaeus semisulcatus and P.mergueinsis have commercial fishing and world marketing. P.indicus shows only aquaculture usage in Iran. By the last decade fishing data, the average caught of shrimp is about 7000 tons annually, which regarding to restricted stocks, the main goal of planning are supporting of stocks and habitats of shrimp in Persian Gulf, and emphasizes on fisheries management to develop sustainable production. Control the number of boats, standardization of fishing gears, protection of habitats and spawning grounds, monitoring of fishing season are priorities of planning. Development of fishing management may decrease more pressure on resources, and prepares conditions for protection of stocks and sustainable production. By this way reconstructing of management structure, and changing view from short term benefits to long term, accompanying to change the policy of open accessory to catch quota system, reconstruction and strengthen of research to conduct applied projects are another main goals of planning. Concerning of sustainable fisheries instead of seasonal and temporary employment, beside considering of world experienced principles and indices such as responsible fisheries manuals, protection of nursery grounds and sensitive habitats by recognition of life cycle, biological characters and periodical monitoring of resources are another main effective goals for sustainable fisheries an harvesting of shrimp stocks. Shrimp aquaculture relies on endemic species of P.indicus and exotic species of Litopenaeus vannamei. Around 180000 hectares of 1800km of southern coastal area, and some parts of 900km northern coast of Caspian sea recognized suitable for development of shrimp culture. 12000 ha of south coast and 400 ha of north coast (Golestan province) has been constructed for shrimp development. Worldwide economic problems, high inflation rate, high banking rate, incidence of disease and so on affected the industry of shrimp farming, and caused of upmost production of less than 10000 tones within last decade. Reconstruction of production organization, selection of high growth rate species, solving the liquidity of farmers, strengthen of research structure are the main works for development of industry and increasing of production. Large areas of unfertile lands, suitable climate, young work foce, relative low cost energy are available for shrimp aquaculture development in the country. Improvement of structural organization and potential of management in various parts of governmental and non- governmental of sections are effective goals for better exploitation of existing potential. Non- governmental organizations must take more practical responsibility, and play main role as the leadership and management of production. Crayfish group, Astacus leptodactylus which inhabit in Anzali lagoon and Aras Dam reservoir, shows commercial importance and export marketing. At present, this species harvested in Aras reservoir, and annual export is about 250 tones. Study of water bodies for stocking of crayfish, organizing of producers, achievement to economical aquaculture in controlled condition are the main parts of development planning for crayfish. Improvement of fishing management of studied resources, recognition of suitable water bodies for stocking of crayfish, and development of applied research activities for aquaculture and economical production of crayfish, are primary requirement for increasing the production of this valuable species. At present this species harvested for export, therefore extending processing trials and export market may cause value added products. Organizing the producers and establishment of effective organizations are necessary for improvement the fishing technology, place and time of harvesting and prohibit fishing of small size crayfish

Simulation and control of a six degree of freedom lower limb exoskeleton

In this paper, the development of controlling a six Degree of Freedom (DOF) Lower Limb Exoskeleton (LLE) model using the Robot Operating System (ROS) is presented. Moreover, this work proposes a method to analyze kinematic properties and control of the LLE before the prototype. The model of the LLE is described using Extensible Markup Language (XML) programming in the Unified Robot Description Format (URDF). The dynamic equation of the six-DoF LLE is determined by using Newton-Euler. In addition, a Proposition-Integral- Derivative (PID) controller is established in a feedback closed-loop control system. The PID controller is tuned via Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N). The tuned PID controller is tested in the Gazebo environment to confirm the performance of the proposed method. The nodes and topics flow chart of the programmed 3-D model of the LLE is described. Furthermore, a desired angular trajectory based on the phase on walking is defined for each joint of the LLE. The result shows that the actual pursue the desired angular trajectory for each joint. The average and maximum error of the angular trajectories for all the joints are less than 0.05 radian. It can be ascertained that our developed LLE model in the Gazebo simulator can be used for giving an overview of the walking pattern

The study and feasibility of Cheshmeh-Ali River and downstream area of Shahid Shah-Charaghy dam in Damghan for aquaculture development

To reveal the fisheries productivity and to get the maximum possible exploitations of the running water resources, existing potentials for aquaculture in Shit and Kordabad rivers in Tarom of Zanjan province were surveyed in a one year round study. In this way 4 and 3 sampling site were respectively selected in Shit and Kordabad rivers and benthic macroinvertebrates and water samples were collected and analyzed at least two times a season and fish fauna were also sampled and studied only two times during the period. All the measured water quality characteristics(such as O_2, water temperature, pH, nutrients, NH_3, BOD_5 and . . . ) were within the normal range suggested for the cold water fish culture. In both rivers no significant differences (p≤95%) were detected for physicochemical parameters within the study sites except for electrical conductivity and total hardness which differed in the firs and last station. Depletion of Agricultural run off and residual from the adjacent farmlands and municipal drainages into the water body of the rivers, were certainly effective in these changes However none of water quality parameters exceed the maximum permitted level for aquaculture. According to the benthic macroinvertebrates study 38 family of 12 taxa and 26 family of the 11 taxa were identified in Shit and Kordabad rivers respectively, most of them belonged to the aquatic insect larvae of the sensitive groups. Community structure indices and Hilsenhof family level biotic index proved a "very good" to "good" water quality criteria for the study sites in both rivers .One fish species in Shit and five species (4 of them were endemic) were identified in Kordabad river. Despite acceptable water quality in Shit river, some inhibiting factors such as adjacent farmlands and dense agricultural land use, high slope of river valley in most region which cause rare suitable lands for locating aquaculture sites, very limited access to road and electricity supply and lack of acceptability to manipulate or divert river water for fish farms, by the local people, are the major constrains for constructing trout farms in Shit river. However constructing a 15 mt capacity rainbow trout farm is possible at first 2 kilometers of the upstream where the water quality and quantity are relatively better and there are some lands with low slope and access to road and electricity supply. Kordabad river has a similar criteria and water quality and quantity at upstream is desirable for rainbow trout culture. The first 2 kilometer of this river is capable of constructing trout farms in some non cultivated lands. Moreover the Kordabad natural dam reservoir is available to conduct its water for further demands. In addition a total of 75mt rainbow trout production in the form of 2 or 3 separate site is possible in this river. Even though the local climate particularly in Kordabad river is acceptable for carp fishes, however land limitations, soil texture and the high volume of water demands, make warm water fishes commercial production impossible

A U-shaped relationship between haematocrit and mortality in a large prospective cohort study

Background: Only a limited number of studies have investigated the correlation between haematocrit (HCT) and mortality in the general population, and few of those studies have had data on a wide range of low and high levels of HCT. We investigated the association between baseline HCT and mortality in a prospective cohort study of 49 983 adult subjects in Iran with a broad spectrum of HCT values. Methods: Data on socio-demographic and life-style factors, past medical history, and levels of HCT were collected at enrollment. During a mean follow-up of 5 years (follow-up success rate ±99%), 2262 deaths were reported. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: There was a U-shaped relationship between categories of HCT and mortality in both sexes: both low and high levels of HCT were associated with increased overall mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The U-shaped relationship persisted after several sensitivity analyses were done, including analyses restricted to non-smokers and non-users of opium; analyses excluding deaths from accidents and other external causes as well as deaths of persons with self-reported ischemic heart disease at the baseline interview for the study; and analyses excluding the first 2 years of follow-up. Self-reported past medical history and lack of data about lipids and other cellular blood components were the major limitations of the study. Conclusions: Low and high levels of HCT are associated with increased mortality in the general population. The findings in the present study can be of particular importance for low- and middle-income countries in which a substantial proportion of the population lives with suboptimal levels of HCT. © Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2013