Forecasting of Rainfall Using General Circulation Model - Statistical Modelling in Johor

Changes in the spatial and temporal rainfall pattern which affected by the climate change need to be investigated as its significant characteristics are often used for managing water resources. This paper implemented the statistical modelling to study the spatial and temporal distribution changes of rainfall pattern in the long term analysis. A daily rainfall series from eight (8) stations in Johor capturing 30 years period (1988-2017) with less than 10% missing data were chosen. To build the predictor-predictand relationship, it depends on the monthly correlation coefficient (R) with the large scale of atmospheric characteristic and performances of calibrated and validated of statistical equation using Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). The results showed that the temperature (nceptemp), surface specific humidity (ncepshum) and near surface relative humidity (nceprhum) had strong influence in the local weather formations. As proved, all these stations were successfully produced low standard error (SE) ranged from 3.82% to 11.64%. The annual temporal rainfall was expected to increase to 3058.13 mm (15.4%) at the end of century. The eastern of Johor was expecting to receive higher rainfall intensity and then disperse to the western of Johor. The predictions of rainfall are a bit alarming, therefore, mitigation planning on climate change effects is needed

THE CONTENT OF THE CURRICULUM OF ARABIC LANGUAGE OF THE ARABIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: CLASS ELEVEN AS A CASE STUDY

This research aims to identify the content of curriculum of Arabic Language in Brunei Arabic Secondary Schools in which Class Eleven was the case study. The researchers distributed questionnaires to four Arabic teachers who teach Arabic therein. After obtaining the data needed by the research, the researchers analyzed it descriptively and quantitatively in order to achieve the required objectives. The research outcome shows that most of the teaching content of class eleven is in line with the aims and objective of the curriculum, matches the students’ language skills, takes cognizance of individual differences and contains the four Language skills, although some of them do not match their ages.  Article visualizations

Histopathological and cholinesterase changes in the gills of Clarias gariepinus as a result of cadmium exposure

Aim : The cholinesterase (ChE) based inhibition and histopathological studies from fish were investigated and represented in this study to develop as one of the great potential biomarkers for heavy metals monitoring. Methodology : In this study, the histopathological study of gills were observed a under microscope. The capability of ChE extracted from the gills of Clarias gariepinus was assessed for declining Cd. ChE was purified through affinity chromatography and continued with the optimisation and inhibition study (IC50) of cholinesterase. Results : Histopathological study of gills was carried out and several changes such as aneurysm, necrosis and lamella fusion were noted. Purification fold obtained from purified enzyme was 1.15 with 30% a yield specific activity 20.726. The optimum temperature for purified AChE was 35°C along with acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC) as a preferable substrate that had the highest Vmax value of 0.5452 U mg'1 and the lowest Km value of 0.0311 mM. The optimum pH was observed to be 10 of Tris-HCl as a medium. Meanwhile, the IC50 of cadmium was 6.808 mg ľ with R2 value of 0.9532. Interpretation : The result of the study can be used as a tool for further developing a biomarker for the detection of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems. In addition, the baseline data provided can also be used for designing a kit, which would give rapid and accurate result

Classification of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using variational autoencoder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) categorize as one of the typical neurodevelopmental and mental disorders. Over the years, researchers have identified ADHD as a complicated disorder since it is not directly tested with a standard medical test such as a blood or urine test on the early-stage diagnosis. Apart from the physical symptoms of ADHD, clinical data of ADHD patients show that most of them have learning problems. Therefore, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is considered the most suitable method to determine functional activity in the brain region to understand brain disorders of ADHD. One of the ways to diagnose ADHD is by using deep learning techniques, which can increase the accuracy of predicting ADHD using the fMRI dataset. Past attempts of classifying ADHD based on functional connectivity coefficient using the Deep Neural Network (DNN) result in 95% accuracy. As Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is the most popular in extracting high-level data, this model is applied in this study. This study aims to enhance the performance of VAE to increase the accuracy in classifying ADHD using fMRI data based on functional connectivity analysis. The preprocessed fMRI dataset is used for decomposition to find the region of interest (ROI), followed by Independent Component Analysis (ICA) that calculates the correlation between brain regions and creates functional connectivity matrices for each subject. As a result, the VAE model achieved an accuracy of 75% on classifying ADHD

Syngas production from glycerol dry reforming using Nd2RuO5 perovskite catalysts

Currently, fossil fuels as the global energy sources have become a liability due to the emission of greenhouse gases that causes global temperature elevated and climate changes to happen more frequently. As a result, glycerol dry reforming (GDR) has been a research priority, owing to its reforming capabilities in turning greenhouse gases (CO2) and biodiesel byproducts (glycerol) into syngas. The choice of catalysts is critical for increasing the efficiency of the syngas production process. Hence, this paper studies the application of Nd2RuO5 perovskite catalysts on the dry reforming of glycerol. Before characterization, the catalysts were prepared by using the Pechini Sol-Gel method. GDR reactions were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor at operating conditions; 873 – 1173 K and CO2 to Glycerol ratio (CGR) at 1:1. Based on XRD finding, the dominant phase belongs to Nd2RuO5, a pseudo double perovskite. The reduction profile from TPR showed a lowered reduction temperature which belongs to Ru that reduced into Ru0. The images of perovskite showed a well dispersed and smooth surface, and no agglomeration occurred on the pore sites. From the catalytic evaluation on the effect of temperature, the best temperature was observed at 1073 K, giving the highest glycerol conversion at 69%, whereas for H2, CO yields 20.8% and 13.8%, respectively. Intense carbon formation has been detected at post XRD analysis which later confirmed to be a filamentous type, that oxidized at low oxidation temperature from 400 – 500 K

Climate change and its impact on rainfall

This paper reviews the climate change impact on rainfall as well as extreme events occurrences. The global extreme weather contributes to the uncertainties of the climate trend and water scarcity problems to the whole world. Thus, numerical models such as General Circulation Models (GCMs) have been developed to simulate the response of the global climate system to the expected increment of the greenhouse gases concentrations. However, the GCM cannot be directly applied to climate change impact studies, hence downscaling is needed. A large number of downscaling methods are available but there is no universal method exists at present that performs best for all conditions, depending on the application and this remains a subject of investigation. Therefore, this paper compares the performances among statistical and dynamical downscaling models that have been applied by different researchers in various purposes. It can be concluded that the statistical downscaling has been widely used and able to provide reliable climate projected results especially for Malaysia’s climate variables. This review is very significant especially to the policy maker in deciding the reliable climatic methods for the long term planning and management of water resources. Besides, the reliable projected rainfall will be very beneficial in estimating water availability and water resource policy

Investigate the potential extreme drought event using integrated statistical model

Frequent extreme drought event especially in urban area is majorly affected by the uncertainty of global climate changes and drastic releases of greenhouse emissions. The identification of the potential drought events in the long-term became significant to monitor how frequent the events and how huge the impact to the efficiency of water resources management. Due to this concern, the integrated statistical model (SDSM-SPI) was applied to estimate the probability of extreme drought events focused on the urban area. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) by three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were used to provide plausible future scenarios of anthropogenic forcing spanning at the region in difference potential radiation level. The results revealed the climate changes could alter the seasonal trend and intensity with small rises in average 7 %/year (rainfall) and 0.2 oC/decade (temperature). Although the rainfall was expecting to increase however almost 42 % of Pahang state expected to receive lower rainfall intensity than the historical annual rainfall. Estimated the drought events potentially to occur in 20 % from upcoming 80 years with every station has high probability to drought at least twice times. For the RCPs performances, the RCP4.5 potentially to produce more frequent drought events compared to other RCPs

Pola pemakanan dan kesannya terhadap gaya hidup dan pemikiran individu: analisis terhadap Surah Al-Kahfi

The choice of diet is important in creating an excellent human capital. Islam has given the best guideline in choosing food so that it can be truly halal, good (thoyyiban), most quality and nutritious. Diet has a great impact on individual’s physical, mental and spiritual health. This is illustrated through cave dwellers (Ashabul Kahfi), a group of young people who have exceptional physical capabilities as well as mental and spiritual strengths that are far ahead of any members of their society. According to some tafseer scholars, diet pattern of the cave dwellers is explained in surah al-Kahfi. Study on halal diet has been widely practiced by researchers, but study on good, most nutritious and most quality diet from an Islamic perspective are still inadequate. This situation is a disadvantage to human being. This is because the philosophy of nutritional knowledge taught in the Quran and hadith is scientifically proven to bring benefits and prevent harm to individual physical and spiritual health. This study uses content analysis method where analysis is conducted on books of tafseer and hadith as well as journal articles that discuss the diet styles of today's society and its impact on spiritual and physical health. The results show that issues on food quality and dietary patterns greatly affect the spiritual and physical strength of an individual

Empowering education transformation through IR 4.0: efforts in improving the quality of Arabic language education

Education is one of the important aspects and it is becoming the most influential social institution in the society. The impacts of Industrial Revolution 4.0 are not only on industrial and the electronic sector, but the education sector is also affected by it. The main objective of this article is to identify the elements of Arabic language learning implementation amongst teachers and to oversee the challenges faced by the teachers in incorporating technology with Arabic language teaching. This study used a qualitative methodology by collecting and assessing the information from previous studies such as journals, articles and books. This study found that there were four basic elements related to the implementation of Arabic language learning in teaching and facilitating process include teachers' perception, preparation, practice and challenges in implementing and practicing this learning technique. Teachers are required to implement a new approach in PdPc process especially in Arabic language subject