Odd Generalized N-H Generated Family of Distributions With Application to Exponential Model

A new family of distributions called the odd generalized N-H is introduced and studied. Four new special models are presented. Some mathematical properties of the odd generalized N-H family are studied. Explicit expressions for the moments, probability weighted, quantile function, mean deviation, order statistics and Rényi entropy are investigated. Characterizations based on the truncated moments, hazard function and conditional expectations are presented for the generated family. Parameter estimates of the family are obtained based on maximum likelihood procedure. Two real data sets are employed to show the usefulness of the new family

Extra pulmonary uptake of Tc-99m-MAA perfusion lung scan as a result of right to left intra cardiac shunt

Extra pulmonary accumulation of Tc-99m-macroaggregate of albumin (MAA) is rarely seen on perfusion lung scan, and has been reported in less than 4% of a study population of nearly 380 patients1. It occurs when the agent bypasses the lungs due to a right to left (R-L) cardiac or pulmonary shunt, when it is shunted to the portal vein before reaching the right atrium and ventricle of the heart, and when the agent is degraded to a submicron particle size.2 When a pharmaceutical problem is excluded, extra-pulmonary uptake implies unusual hemodynamics with a shunt

Extra [corrected] pulmonary uptake of Tc-99m-MAA perfusion lung scan as a result of right to left intra cardiac shunt

Extra pulmonary accumulation of Tc-99m-macroaggregate of albumin (MAA) is rarely seen on perfusion lung scan, and has been reported in less than 4% of a study population of nearly 380 patients. It occurs when the agent bypasses the lungs due to a right to left (R-L) cardiac or pulmonary shunt, when it is shunted to the portal vein before reaching the right atrium and ventricle of the heart, and when the agent is degraded to a submicron particle size. When a pharmaceutical problem is excluded, extra-pulmonary uptake implies unusual hemodynamics with a shunt. A case is reported in which a clinically unsuspected shunt was diagnosed from the lung perfusion scintigraphy

Targeted Delivery of Insulin by Psyllium Plant (Plantago ispaghula) based hydrogels/membranes

Developments in therapeutics are the need of hour for the benefit of mankind and to increase the quality of life. Diabetes mellitus is a non-curable disease affecting a great amount of world’s population. This genetic disorder gets worse with time and ultimately leads to various complications like renal failure, lower limb amputation, heart diseases and blindness. Hydrogels for quite recent time are being used for the drug delivery. The present article is related to the fabrication of psyllium based dermal patches insulin drug delivery system that could release insulin in a sustained and controlled manner. Psyllium, a natural polysaccharide, is a medicinally important dietary fiber and drug delivery system has developed a novel insulin loaded psyllium based hydrogels for glucose lowering. They can be used for the transdermal delivery of insulin as hypodermic administration of insulin is painful, complicated, can also results in allergic reactions and infections. For the sustained and steady release of insulin from fabricated hydrogels were also modified with the addition of graphene oxide nanoparticles. To study the structural aspects of these various polymeric networks thus formed were characterized with FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) which identifies the interaction/bonding among different functional groups and also indicating the layer of graphene oxide nanoparticles on the surface of hydrogels stage and release related experiments such as degradability, swelling kinetics, swelling ratio and drug kinetics were also performed. Because of its functionalization these unique 3D drug loaded polymeric hydrogels will have the double prospective of diabetes. Different types of psyllium based hydrogels were prepared, and the effect of ph on the release dynamics of insulin from drug loaded hydrogels has been studied to evaluate the drug release mechanism in-vitro and in-vivo. For in-vivo study avian skin was used a model. Fickian diffusion mechanism has been observed for the release of insulin at different ph both in and in-vivo and therefore these drug loaded hydrogels can be potentially used to develop pH-sensitive systems. Keeping in view the results of different analysis it can be concluded that these hydrogels can prove to be very useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

99mTc-Nannocolloid Localization of Lymphorenal Fistula Causing Chyluria

Chyluria is an abnormal condition in which chyle appears in the urine because of a fistulous communication between the lymphatics and the urinary tract. It is not life-threatening and spontaneous regression is reported in 50% of cases. Lymphangiography has been the main imaging modality for localization of the site of fistula, but it is invasive and requires expertise. Lymphoscintigraphy using Tc-99m labelled colloid is a safe, non-invasive, reproducible technique, which bears less radiation exposure. A 67-year-old male presented with 7-month history of chyluria following a spinal surgery. Bilateral lower limb lymphoscintigram revealed sluggish lymph flow in the left lower limb and visualization of tracer in the left kidney consistent with lymphorenal fistula. Subsequent cystography revealed appearance of chylous urine from left ureter. Patient refused surgery

Magnetic properties of polyvinyl alcohol and doxorubicine loaded iron oxide nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery applications

The current study emphasizes the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and impact of hydrophilic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating concentration as well as anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) loading on saturation magnetization for target drug delivery applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles particles were synthesized by a reformed version of the co-precipitation method. The coating of polyvinyl alcohol along with doxorubicin loading was carried out by the physical immobilization method. X-ray diffraction confirmed the magnetite (Fe3O4) structure of particles that remained unchanged before and after polyvinyl alcohol coating and drug loading. Microstructure and morphological analysis was carried out by transmission electron microscopy revealing the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm with slight variation after coating and drug loading. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive, and Fourier transform infrared spectra further confirmed the conjugation of polymer and doxorubicin with iron oxide nanoparticles. The room temperature superparamagnetic behavior of polymer-coated and drug-loaded magnetite nanoparticles were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer. The variation in saturation magnetization after coating evaluated that a sufficient amount of polyvinyl alcohol would be 3 wt. % regarding the externally controlled movement of IONPs in blood under the influence of applied magnetic field for in-vivo target drug delivery

Evaluation of erectile dysfunction with color Doppler sonography

Objective: To assess the role of Color Doppler Sonography in the evaluation of erectile dysfunction.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Radiology Department, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi from 5-6-2002 to 2-9-2003. All consecutive patients presenting with erectile dysfunction and undergoing penile color Doppler evaluation with injection PGE1 20 mcg were included in this study.Results: A total of 70 patients with an age range of 24-70 years (mean 41 +/- 12.25 years) were included in the study. A normal response was noted in 45 (psychogenic) cases. Vasculogenic causes were observed in 23 patients, 12 with arterial insufficiency and 11 with venous leak. Peyronie\u27s disease was diagnosed in 2 patients.CONCLUSION: Color Doppler evaluation of erectile dysfunction is an effective method for differentiating psychogenic and vasculogenic causes of erectile dysfunction

Medicinal Potential of Jamun (Syzygium cumini Linn): A Review

Unani System of Medicine (USM) is being practised as traditional, alternative and complementary medicine in India and other countries. In this system of medicine, medicinal plants are extensively used in the treatment of various kind of diseases since time immemorial. Herbo-mineral origin drugs are the main components of Unani Pharmacopoeia. Jamun (Syzygium cumini Linn) is one of the medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes in Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr (diabetes mellitus),  Ishāl-e- Damwī (haemorrhagic diarrhoea), Is’haal-i-Safrāwī (bilious diarrhoea), Ḍu‘f al-Ishtihā’(loss of appetite), Zaḥīr (dysentery) and Qulā (oral ulcer). In recent past its fruits, seeds, leaves, stem bark and its secondary metabolites have shown medicinal properties in various experimental and clinical studies. In this review we have tried to explore its ethno-botanical uses and pharmacological actions described in classical literature and scientific publications based on experimental studies. It is found that this plant plays an important role in prevention and management of non-communicable diseases such as Dhayābīṭus Ḥārr (diabetes mellitus), Sarṭān (cancer), Niqris (gout), ischaemic heart disease etc. Several preclinical studies have revealed that it has Muḥallil-i- Awrām (anti-inflammatory), Muḥāfiẓ-i- Qalb (cardio protective), Dafi‘-i-Ḥummā (anti-pyretic) and Muqawwī-i-Jigar (hepatotonic) properties. It also possesses anti-diabetic potential activity and considered as a potent anti-diabetic plant. Keywords: Unani, Jamun, Syzygium, Antidiabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Hepatoprotectiv

Dicarbonyl­dichlorido(N,N,N′,N′-tetra­methyl­ethylenediamine)­ruthenium(II)

In the title compound, [RuCl2(C6H16N2)(CO)2], the geometry around the RuII atom is a distorted RuC2N2Cl2 octa­hedron, with pairs of C and Cl atoms trans to each other and the N atoms of the bidentate ligand in a cis conformation. The five-membered chelate ring is puckered on the C—C bond

Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in urban Pakistan: A multicenter case-control study

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in an urban setting of Pakistan.DESIGN AND Methods: In this multicenter case-control study, patients aged 15years old or older with sputum culture and sensitivity (C/S) diagnosed with pulmonary MDR-TB were defined as cases, whereas patients aged 15years old or older with sputum C/S diagnosed and susceptible to pulmonary TB were regarded as controls. Fifty cases and 75 controls were enrolled from three tertiary-care hospitals in Karachi.Results: Multivariable logistic regression models showed that cases were more likely to have had a TB patient in the house prior to the diagnosis of MDR-TB (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]=3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 8.3) or had a history of prior TB treatment (ORadj=4.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 15.4). Furthermore, cases compared with controls tended to be male (ORadj=3.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 9.7), 15-25years of age (ORadj=3.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 11.3), of Sindhi ethnicity (adjusted OR=9.1, 95% CI: 1.9, 43.4) or with low educational attainment (ORadj OR=5.5, 95% CI: 1.7-17.6, for no formal schooling; ORadj=3.8, 95% CI: 1.1-14.1, 1 for 1-5 school years).CONCLUSIONS: A TB patient in the house or a history of prior TB treatment was strongly associated with MDR-TB in this study. Furthermore, younger age, male gender, Sindhi ethnicity and poor educational attainment entailed a high risk for MDR-TB. Targeted educational intervention for patients and their contacts may minimize the noncompliance with prescribed TB treatment and lessen MDR-TB magnitude in settings like Karachi