Development of Kemahiran Hidup Tingkatan Satu (1) Courseware Prototype Using User Centered Design (UCD) Methodology Based on the Modality Principle

Many educational coursewares have been developed either from the government sector or private sectors. However, the coursewares only for core subjects such as Bahasa Malaysia, English, Mathematics, and Sciences. The rest is still under development. This is maybe because of low resources and need more multimedia learning theory applied. The objective of this study is to identify the user requirement and applied it to CDKH prototype. The methodology of this study is User Centered Design Methodology (UCD). Thereby this paper discuss about the problem faced by the students in learning Kemahiran Hidup. The limitations for developing a good courseware have been verified. The development of this courseware is by involving the user as part of the development team and process. For a maximum effectiveness: the courseware will be developed by using Adobe Director with customize lingo script to make the interaction more effective. The respondents are most equally for the color to background and font color. The respondent are like to have the animation background, background music. The type of exercise that the respondents like most is the drag and drop type. The respondents are also like the simple theme. Result that get from the evaluation is most of the respondent are like about the interfaces in the CDKH prototype

A prospective study of maternal outcome of labor and perinatal outcome in premature rupture of membranes

Background: Premature rupture of membranes refers to rupture of fetal membranes prior to the onset of labor. PROM is of two types viz. term PROM and preterm PROM. The incidence of PROM is at an average of 10%. In 70% of the cases, it occurs in pregnancies at term.  Preterm PROM- defined as PROM prior to 37 weeks of gestation- complicates 2% to 4% of all singleton and 7% to 20% of twin pregnancies. It is the leading identifiable cause of premature birth and accounts for approximately 18% to 20% of perinatal deaths. Methods: This study was conducted in the tertiary care teaching institute in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. After taking an informed consent, a proforma was filled on subject history, examination and investigations. These subjects were followed until delivery and then neonates were also followed. Results: Incidence of PROM was 8.76% of which 54.7% were primigravida and 45.3% were multigravida. Most of the patients (70.4%) were term, only 29.6% were preterm with gestational age of <37 weeks. Incidence of PPH was 2.8%, puerperal pyrexia occurred in 9.8%. The incidence of RDS in neonates was 8.9% while the incidence of neonatal sepsis was 6.7%. There was 1.1% perinatal mortality. Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that basic aim of obstetrician should be to identify the risk factors leading to PROM, to treat complications and implement strict aseptic precautions to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity

Toxicity of conventonal insecticides to fourth instar larvae of tobaccocaterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) in different generations

Studies on development of resistance in tobacco caterpillar against some insecticides were carried out in the laboratory, Division of Entomology, Udheywalla, Jammu. The differential susceptibility level of parental and susceptible strains of tobacco caterpillar to conventional insecticides revealed that the level of susceptibility in 4th instar larvae of this insect has decreased considerably in parental strain as compared to recommended concentrations of insecticides. The highest resistance factor of 9.33 was observed with monocrotophos whereas malathion encountered lowest resistance factor of 1.50. Comparison of the LC50 values obtained in succeeding generations with the 1st generation in 4th instar larvae of S. litura revealed that the resistance developed in an increasing order in all the six generations. The resistance ratio in the 6th generation as compared to the 1st generation was 3.97- fold in endosulfan, 3.11 in malathion and 3.45 in carbaryl

Therapeutic Potential of Widely Used Unani Drug Asl-Us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.): A Systematic Review

Plants have been one of the important sources of therapeutics or other human health benefits  since the beginning of human civilization throughout history. Currently, there is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use of herbs, as a medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. Traditional system of medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha etc. contributed in Health care dealing worldwide. The Unani system of medicine (USM) is an age old system of medicine which has a holistic approach to treat various kind of disease; most of the time the drugs mentioned in this system has tremendous effects in chronic disease. Asl-Us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn), is a widely used herb in USM. Although the review articles on this plant are already published, this review article is presented to comply all the updated information on its therapeutic potency based on phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities and the potency which is described by renowned Unani physicians and scholars. The evidence based studies provides strengthen to the concept of Unani physicians as the Unani physician used and recommended the drug since along. Moreover the evidence based studies indicate that Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, antimalarial, antispasmodic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, antimycobacterial activity, antiinflammatory and anti-hyper glycemic properties. Various other effects like antiulcer, antiviral, antihepatotoxic, antifungal and herpes simplex have also been studies. These results are very encouraging and indicate that this Unani drug can be studies more extensively with a well-planned and systematic scientific preclinical and clinical approach to explore the promising outcome. Further this review gives an account of the current knowledge on the morphological characters, microscopic characters, phytochemistry, and pharmacological actions present in root of Glycyrrhiza glabra along with its actions and therapeutic potential in the perspective of USM. Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra, therapeutic potential, US

Quality control and HPTLC analysis of a polyherbal Unani formulation Habb-i-Shahtara recommended for skin diseases

The Unani system of medicine (USM) is one of the popular traditional systems of medicine. World widely, this system of medicine becomes an important health care system. Since many years back Unani medicines were used by the Unani physicians for treating the diseases ailments. In USM most of the drugs are of plant origin and their therapeutic effects are due to the presence of active phytochemicals. The proper standardization methods must be necessary for preparation of formulations otherwise secondary metabolites or active constituents might not be up to the quality. The standard operating procedures (SOP’s) are adopted for the preparation of Unani formulation. This study evaluated the quality of polyherbal unani formulation Habb-i-Shahtara, which is used in the treatment of skin diseases. The standardization parameters which were used for the development of quality standard of the study formulation were pharmacognostical studies, physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, HPTLC analysis, microbial load, aflatoxins, heavy metals and pesticide residues determination to evaluate the pharmacopoeial standard. The polyherbal Unani formulation Habb-i-Shahtara have been successfully standardized and the data and procedures which were used may serve the guidelines and standard reference in future for the preparation of formulation and for further study

Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture, a diagnostic dilemma in the presence of eventration: a case report

Eventration of the diaphragm is the condition where the muscle is permanently elevated, but retains its continuity and attachments to the costal margins. Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is a recognized consequence of high velocity blunt trauma to the abdomen usually a result of motor vehicle accident. Multi-slice CT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the pre-operative evaluation of trauma patients, diaphragmatic rupture can be still overlooked if not evaluated with the fair degree of clinical suspicion, more so if it is associated with an eventration of diaphragm - as was in our case

Tsukushiは、マウス海馬の神経幹細胞の維持と分化に必須である

熊本大

Switching the Solid-State Emission of Organic Crystals through Coformer Choice and Vapochromism

Luminescence in aggregated systems is an intriguing phenomenon that can be exploited for the development of smart commercial materials. The establishment of a structure–property relationship is crucial to designing and improvising solid-state emitters. We report an organo-sulfonate hydrate (1) that exists in zwitterionic form and forms an isolated head-to-tail dimer without long-range π-stacking to form a nonemissive solid. Utilizing the understanding of the sulfonate-pyridinium supramolecular synthon, the emission of 1 is turned on and off by cocrystallization with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-Bpy) in 2 and 3, respectively. Structural and Hirshfeld studies validate that the packing modulations triggered by the pyridyl precursors are responsible for the emission switching. Charge-transfer dimers formed in 2 stacks through π-interactions to form emissive mixed-stack aggregates (λmax = 610 nm and Φ 1.1%), while the charge–transfer complex formed in 3 exhibits poor π-overlap due to the twisted conformation of 2,2′-Bpy and poor extended π-interactions to form a nonemissive mixed stack 3. The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is observed in both 1 and 2, which exhibit green emission with maximum intensity at 500 nm (Φ 58.2%) and 465 nm (Φ 77.6%) for a water fraction (fw) value of 10, i.e., 90:10 (THF/H2O v/v). AIE behavior is validated by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy studies. 1 exhibits vapochromic behavior and undergoes emission turn-on exposure to fumes of organic bases: NH3, Et3N, and Py. Plausibly due to proton abstraction by the bases, the vapochromic change is reverted by HCl fumes, and the process cycles. The salt forms of 2 and 3 respond to basic fumes only after prior exposure to the fumes of HCl and undergo a red shift (0.98 nm) in 2 and an emission-turn-on (612 nm) in 3. Furthermore, 3 exhibits irreversible thermochromic behavior at 75 °C, which is attributed to the loss of lattice water. The results are supported by the thermal, diffuse reflectance, powder X-ray diffraction, and Hirshfeld studies

Therapeutic potency of anticancer peptides derived from marine organisms

ABSTRACT Nature has been instrumental as a source of therapeutics. Since the oceans cover more than 70% of the earth surface and the marine environment is highly diverse, it is very much likely that marine organisms would be a wonderful source of biologically active molecules. Over the past decade, several new therapeutic agents derived from marine sources have entered preclinical and clinical trials. This field has expanded significantly as a result of improvements in the technology of deep-sea collection, extraction and large-scale production through aquaculture and synthesis. The collection of the marine therapeutics includes molecules with antibiotic, antiviral, antiphrastic, analgesic and anticancer activity. This review focuses on the latest studies and critical research in this field and evidences the immense potential of marine organisms as sources of bioactive peptides and other anticancer biomolecules. Various anticancer compounds with diverse modes of action, such as, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-microtubule have been isolated from marine sources. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents have a range of side effects like fatigue, gastrointestinal distress and depression of immune system which introduces the necessity of natural anticancer drug discovery. Recent researches have been focused on peptides from marine animal sources, since they have been found as secondary metabolites from sponges, ascidians, tunicates and molluscs. The structural characteristics of these peptides include various unusual amino acid residues which may be responsible for their bioactivity. Purified peptides from these sources have been shown to have antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect on several human cancers such as pancreatic, breast, bladder and non-smallcell lung cancer. These characteristics imply that the use of peptides and others biomolecules from marine sources has potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer and they might also be useful as molecular models in anticancer drug research