EDM pengukuran jarak elektronik

Buku ini mengandungi beberapa bab iaitu isi kandungan prakata i, isi kandungan ii, senarai rajah iv, pengenalan, sejarah perkembangan EDM dalam kerja ukur, kegunaan alat EDM dalam kerja ukur, jaringan kawalan geodetik, ukur kejuruteraan, ukur penandaan (setting-out), ukur deformasi, ukur industri, sifat dan undang-undang fizikal (physical), laws berkaitan EDM, spektrum frekuensi, unit dan definasinya, prinsip-prinsip pengukuran edm (principles of EDM) dan aplikasinya, kaedah denyut, aplikasi-aplikasi (applications) kaedah denyut, kaedah perbezaan fasa, interferometer, kaedah doppler, prinsip-prinsip kerja asas (basic working prinsipler) edm, prinsip dan komponen, kaedah-kaedah permodulatan (modulation) dan penyahpermodulatan (demodulation), kaedah-kaedah pengukuran fasa, prinsip kerja dan komponen (edm gelombang mikro), perambatan gelombang edm, kehantaran atmosfera (athmospheric tranmittance), hitungan-hitungan dalam perambatan gelombang elektromagnetik, pengukuran parameter atmosfera (measurement of atmospheric parameter), pembetulan jarak edm, kaedah pembetulan halaju/pembetulan atmosfera, pembetulan halaju pertama (K1), pembetulan halaju kedua (K2), pembetulan geometrikal (geometrical correction), selisih alat edm, komponen selisihan alat, penentuan selisih alat edm, penentuan selisih sifar, penentuan selisih skala, penentuan selisih berkala (cyclic error), bibliografi serta lampiran

Evaluation and comparison of bivariate and multivariate statistical methods for landslide susceptibility mapping (case study: Zab Basin)

Landslides are among the great destructive factors which cause lots of fatalities and financial losses all over the world every year. Studying of the factors affecting occurrence of landslides in a region and zoning the resulting damages will certainly play a crucial role in mitigating such phenomena. In this research, through geological maps and field studies, we primarily prepared a map for landslide distributions in Zab basin-an area of 520 km 2 in the southwest mountainsides of West Azerbaijan Province. By applying other source of information such as the existing thematic maps, we studied and defined the factors (slope, slope aspect, distance to road, distance to drainage network, distance to fault, land use and land cover, geological factors, horizontal gravity acceleration of earthquakes, and climatic condition of the studied area) that affect occurrence of the landslides. To get better precision and higher speed and facility in our analysis, all descriptive and spatial information were entered into geographic information system (GIS) system and Ilwis software. We also used Satellite images (Landsat ETM + and SPOT 5), producing land cover and landslide-inventory maps, respectively. After preparation of the influential parameters on landslides, we drew the zoning maps of slide hazard via four different statistical methods and then evaluated and compared them. By analyzing the obtained index and by comparing landslide distribution map and zoning map of landslide susceptibility prepared by each of the methods in GIS environment, we found that bivariate method of information value analysis, bivariate method of density-area, multivariate method with linear regression analysis, and multivariate method of discriminate analysis take priority, respectively. Finally, as this research shows, despite their simplicity, bivariate statistical methods have more acceptable precision than multivariate methods, and consequently, they are more compatible with landslide susceptibility of the region. From the results, lithology, slope, annual rainfall, land cover, slope aspect, distance to waterway, distance to road, horizontal gravity acceleration, and distance to fault are very influential to landslides in the region

Ukur kejuruteraan 3 (Automasi Ukur)

Buku ini mengandungi beberapa bab iaitu isi kandungan, prakata i, kandungan ii, bab 1 pengenalan automasi ukur dalam, bidang kejuruteraan geomatik, bab 2 pengenalan automasi dalam bidang ukur industri, bab 3 pengenalan automasi dalam bidang ukur kadaster, bab 4 pengenalan automasi dalam bidang ukur hidrografi, bab 5 automasi ukur topografi dan kejuruteraan, lampiran serta bibliografi

Penjerap komposit “lignoselulosa-karbon teraktif (buah semarak api)” dan kaolin dalam rawatan air sisa getah asli mentah

Pembangunan industri getah asli mentah menyumbang kepada krisis alam sekitar akibat daripada penjanaan air sisa yang berlebihan. Air sisa getah asli mentah ini mengandungi BOD, COD, ammoniakal nitrogen dan pepejal terampai yang tinggi. Dengan itu, teknologi baharu penjerap komposit dalam rawatan air sisa berpotensi menyingkirkan bahan pencemar. Penjerap komposit yang dihasikkan ini dari buah semarak api (lignoselulosa dan karbon teraktif) dan kaolin. Ujikaji kelompok dan turus lapisan tetap digunakan dan nisbah optimum komposit ditentukan menggunakan kaedah reka bentuk campuran D-optimal. Pencirian penjerap komposit dibuat terhadap luas permukaan BET, Mikroskop Imbasan Elektron Analisis Elemen-Sinar-X Sebaran Tenaga (SEM-EDX), Potensi Zeta dan Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Dua model isoterma penjerapan Langmuir dan Freundlich digunakan untuk menyelidik isoterma penjerapan. Model kinetik Pseudo-tertib pertama, Pseudo-tertib kedua, Elovich dan Intra-partikel untuk meneliti sifat kinetik. Penjanaan semula bahan penjerap komposit sehingga lima pusingan penjerapan atau nyahjerapan juga disiasat. Keputusan mendapati nisbah komposisi optimum komposit ialah 0.4 g lignoselulosa, 0.8 g karbon teraktif dan 0.8 g kaolin. Keadaan optimum penjerapan COD, NH3-N dan warna bagi penjerap komposit pada dos 4 g bahan penjerap, pH 8, halaju goncangan 150 PPM dan 120 minit masa sentuhan dengan penyingkiran maksimum masing-masing ialah 81.7%, 80.2% dan 93.3%. Luas permukaan (BET) bahan penjerap komposit ialah 63.60 m2/g dan nilai negatif potensi zeta menunjukkan potensi dalam proses penjerapan. Analisis pencirian FTIR dan SEM-EDX mendedahkan penukaran ion sebagai mekanisma utama sebelum dan selepas penjerapan. Model isoterma penjerapan menunjukkan bahawa data isoterma penjerapan komposit ini sesuai dengan isoterma Langmuir dan kinetic penjerapan menunjukkan pematuhan yang baik untuk model Pseudo-tertib kedua. Turus lapisan tetap dianalisa dan keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pada kadar aliran rendah 2 mL/min mematuhi model Thomas dan Yoon-Nelson berbanding dengan model Adam-Bohart. Analisis penjerapan atau nyahjerapan telah mencapai tiga kitaran kebolehgunaan penjerap komposit. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah membuktikan bahwa penjerap komposit berpotensi dalam menyingkirkan COD, NH3-N dan warna daripada air sisa getah asli

Electric Field Waveforms of Very Close Negative Cloud to Ground Flashes

Negative cloud-to-ground brings down negative charge from cloud to ground. In this paper, observations of the characteristics of fast and slow electric field within reversal distance (less than 7-8 km from lightning sensor) are reported. A total of four negative cloud to ground lashes detected very close to our measurement site in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka on 12th November 2019 were selected for analysis. The captured waveforms are compared with the location data provided by Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research (TNBR) for validation purposes. It can be observed that electric field changes of stepped leader and return stroke are always positive whether beyond or within reversal distance. Meanwhile, for cloud activities, the electric field change is always negative within reversal distance

Faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kecemerlangan akademik pelajar di Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Kecemerlangan akademik merupakan matlamat utama kebanyakan pelajar di institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT). Ia merupakan alat pengukur yang menentukan tahap kejayaan seseorang pelajar didalam bidang akademik di IPT. Persoalan utama yang ingin diselesaikan dalam kajian ini ialah apakah faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kecemerlangan akademik pelajar di Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) supaya ia boleh membantu melahirkan pelajar yang cemerlang dari sudut akademik yang mampu berdaya saing didalam masyarakat. Diantara aspek yang diambil kira adalah dari segi latarbelakang pelajar, sikap terhadap pembelajaran dan persekitaran pembelajaran yang mempengaruhi seseorang pelajar. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian penerangan secara deskriptif yang berbentuk tinjauan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan borang soal selidik dijadikan instrumen kajian. Katakunci: Faktor Kecemerlangan Akademik, Institusi Pengajian Tinggi

Framing analyses of Malaysia's media outlets and editorial decisions concerning frame preferences after the 2008 general election

A study was conducted to investigate the journalistic practices in Malaysian news outlets post-2008 general elections through a combination of content analysis and interviews. Through a content analysis of news articles of an UMNO-owned media (Utusan Malaysia) as well as an independent news portal (Malaysiakini), the study identified five different news frames (conflict, human interest, economic consequences, morality, and responsibility) employed in the news articles. The study established that the previously government-owned media relied heavily on the morality frame, while the responsibility frame was most dominant in independent news portals. The study revealed that the responsibility frame was written in a positive tone while morality and conflict frames were written in negative tones. The study suggests that there were differences and similarities in terms of framing practices employed by the media. It also found that the tonality of the news strengthened the functions of frames. To further understand the relationship between the frames and journalistic practices, semi-structured interviews with editors from both media outlets were conducted. The editors noted that their organizations’ agendas functioned as guidelines on how political issues were highlighted. The interviews also revealed that although both news outlets received political instructions, the media still strived to promote fair reporting within their scope and capacity

Knowledge transfer of the wireless healthcare application in rural community: A case study in Baling, Kedah

Healthcare system in rural area is equally as important as who live in the urban or modern city counterparts.Due to geographically difficulty to access by the modern transportation, wireless communication is one of the possible approaches to reach these areas.On the key aspect is the infrastructure reliability to securing knowledge transfer amongst knowledge of the rural society.This study is to determine the readiness of the rural communities in accepting wireless healthcare applications for the effective transfer of acquired knowledge from healthcare expertise to the rural communities.The instruments were developed and survey was conducted in rural area of Baling, Kedah. 435 questionnaires have been distributed and only 245 are qualified to be analyzed using quantitative analysis.The result shows that the rural communities are appreciate and long-wait with this new type of technology in helping them to improve the healthcare rural system even though the wireless infrastructure is hindering

Assessment of forest encroachment using remote sensing technique. Case study: Mentigi Forest Reserve, Cameron Highlands

Agriculture is one of the biggest and profitable activities in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. High quality plantation products such as tea, vegetable, fruits and flower have high demand in Malaysia. These profitable activities however have caused illegal agriculture and farming. Farmers tend to extent their farm by encroaching government lands and take advantage on any open space for illegal farming. These encroachment activities have affected forest reserve area including Mentigi Forest Reserve (MFR). This study is to identify and evaluate the encroachment activities within MFR area using multiple remote sensing datasets (SPOT 5 and IKONOS). Cadastral parcel map was used to delineate the MFR area and also provide the actual size of MFR area. Hybrid classification method was used on remote sensing image to classify the land-cover in the study area. Ground truth data from field observation were used to assess the accuracy of the classification. Results of this study showed the technique used was able to identify encroachment activities such as agriculture and development. The total encroachment area in MFR was about 2.8 ha in 2001 and has increased to about 7.3 ha in 2010. These encroachment areas represent 0.39% and 1.46% respectively. This area might be small but it may affect the forest ecosystem which can lead to hazardous natural disaster if not well monitored and managed

Sliding Wear Properties of Hybrid Aluminium Composite Reinforced by Particles of Palm Shell Activated Carbon and Slag

In present work, dry sliding wear tests were conducted on hybrid composite reinforced with natural carbon based particles such as palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) and slag. Hybrid composites containing 5 -20 wt.% of both reinforcements with average particles sizes about 125μm were prepared by conventional powder metallurgy technique, which involves the steps of mixing, compacting and sintering. Dry sliding experiments were conducted in air at room temperature using a pin-on-disc self-built attach to polisher machine. The disc which acted as the mating surface material was made of mild steel (120 HV) cut from commercial mild steel sheet (2 mm thickness) into 100mm diameter. The influence of the applied load was investigated under a constant sliding velocity of 0.1m/s with the applied loads at 3N, 11N and 51N. The contribution of the reinforcement content and the applied load as well as the sliding distance on the wear process and the wear rate have been investigated. The contribution of synergic factors such as applied load, sliding distance and reinforcement content (wt.%) have been studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA). All synergic factors contribute to the wear process of all tested composites. Among synergic factors, the applied load is the highest contribution to wear process on both composites (Al/PSAC and Al/Slag) and hybrid composite. The degree of improvement of wear resistance of hybrid composite is strongly dependent on the reinforcement content