Peranan Mediator dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah di Pengadilan Agama Makassar Kelas 1A

AbstrakPenelitan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui peranan mediator dalam menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah melalui mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Makassar Kelas 1A, Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang berbentuk penelitian lapangan (field research), dengan menggunakan pendekatan secara empiris. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah data dan wawancara kepada hakim ekonomi syariah yang memiliki serfikat mediator di Pengadilan Agama Makassar kelas 1A. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peranan dan proses mediator dalam penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan Perma Nomor 1 Tahun 2016. Proses dan peranan tersebut, yaitu melalui mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Makassar Kelas 1A, Dalam proses mediasi dilakukan dengan cara membuat resume kemudian kedua pihak menyampaikan dua isi pokok resume yaitu perkara yang sedang diperkarakan dan solusi tawaran untuk penyelesaian secara damai. Prosedur dan tahapan mediasi dalam perkara perdata pada umumnya, diatur dalam pasal 3 sampai pasal 14 peraturan mahkamah Agung RI No. 2 Tahun 2003 jo PERMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2008 tentang Prosedur mediasi di pengadilan, dan PERMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan. Mediasi di Pengadilan dibagi dalam dua tahap yaitu tahap pra mediasi dan tahapan pelaksanaan mediasi. Tahapan pramediasi adalah tahap dimana para pihak menunjuk mediator sebagai pihak ketiga yang akan membantu menyelesaikan sengketa mereka. Sehingga peranan mediator dala memediasi sengketa ekonomi syariah yaitu dengan dua cara, Hanya sebagai fasilitator yang mengatur kelancaran proses mediasi (facilitative approach).Kata Kunci: Mediator, Pengadilan Agama, Sengketa Ekonomi. AbstractThe type of research used in this study was qualitative. in the form of field research (field research), using an empirical approach. The data sources of this research are data and interviews with sharia economic judges who have a mediator certificate at the Class 1A Makassar Religious Court. The results show that the role and process of the mediator in settling sharia economic disputes are in accordance with the provisions of Perma No.1 of 2016. The process and role, namely through mediation at the Class 1A Makassar Religious Court, in the mediation process is carried out by making a resume then both parties submit the two main contents of the resume, namely the case being litigated and the solution offered for a peaceful settlement. The procedures and stages of mediation in civil cases in general are regulated in article 3 to article 14 of the Supreme Court Regulation No. 2 of 2003 in conjunction with PERMA Number 1 of 2008 concerning mediation procedures in court, and PERMA Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Courts. Mediation in court is divided into two stages, namely the pre-mediation stage and the mediation stage. The pre-mediation stage is the stage where the parties appoint a mediator as a third party who will help resolve their dispute. So that the role of the mediator in mediating Islamic economic disputes is in two ways, only as a facilitator who regulates the smoothness of the mediation process (facilitative approach).Keywords: Economic Dispute, Mediator, Religious Court

Financial Technology For SMEs Capital Problems With Crowdfunding Method

This study motivated by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) problem. SMEs still have difficulty accessing financial institutions. This problem should overcome when SMEs utilize information technology in business management such as crowdfunding features through Financial technology, where crowdfunding has known as a funding offering facility for social interests. The study is a qualitative descriptive analysis. This study intended to decide how to use crowdfunding-based financial technology by SME's at Tarakan City. The experiment subject is a randomized participant of 15 participants based on a predetermined category faced with stakeholders SME’s at Tarakan City. The data consisted of primary data non-metric or qualitative data. Participants were interviewed and examined to learn about the use of crowdfunding-based financial technology by small and medium-sized companies in Tarakan City, followed by triangulation with three models, i.e. data triangulation, investigator triangulation, and methods triangulation. Then analyzed with an interactive model through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing procedures. The result of the research shows that from the 15 informants in this study, there were only two informants who knew about Financial technology, and only a small proportion of SMEs at Tarakan City able to utilize Financial technology based on crowdfunding for their funding needs and use crowdfunding for working capital

Blockchain-Driven Secure and Transparent Audit Logs

In enterprise business applications, large volumes of data are generated daily, encoding business logic and transactions. Those applications are governed by various compliance requirements, making it essential to provide audit logs to store, track, and attribute data changes. In traditional audit log systems, logs are collected and stored in a centralized medium, making them prone to various forms of attacks and manipulations, including physical access and remote vulnerability exploitation attacks, and eventually allowing for unauthorized data modification, threatening the guarantees of audit logs. Moreover, such systems, and given their centralized nature, are characterized by a single point of failure. To harden the security of audit logs in enterprise business applications, in this work we explore the design space of blockchain-driven secure and transparent audit logs. We highlight the possibility of ensuring stronger security and functional properties by a generic blockchain system for audit logs, realize this generic design through BlockAudit, which addresses both security and functional requirements, optimize BlockAudit through multi-layered design in BlockTrail, and explore the design space further by assessing the functional and security properties the consensus algorithms through comprehensive evaluations. The first component of this work is BlockAudit, a design blueprint that enumerates structural, functional, and security requirements for blockchain-based audit logs. BlockAudit uses a consensus-driven approach to replicate audit logs across multiple application peers to prevent the single-point-of-failure. BlockAudit also uses the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) protocol to achieve consensus over the state of the audit log data. We evaluate the performance of BlockAudit using event-driven simulations, abstracted from IBM Hyperledger. Through the performance evaluation of BlockAudit, we pinpoint a need for high scalability and high throughput. We achieve those requirements by exploring various design optimizations to the flat structure of BlockAudit inspired by real-world application characteristics. Namely, enterprise business applications often operate across non-overlapping geographical hierarchies including cities, counties, states, and federations. Leveraging that, we applied a similar transformation to BlockAudit to fragment the flat blockchain system into layers of codependent hierarchies, capable of processing transactions in parallel. Our hierarchical design, called BlockTrail, reduced the storage and search complexity for blockchains substantially while increasing the throughput and scalability of the audit log system. We prototyped BlockTrail on a custom-built blockchain simulator and analyzed its performance under varying transactions and network sizes demonstrating its advantages over BlockAudit. A recurring limitation in both BlockAudit and BlockTrail is the use of the PBFT consensus protocol, which has high complexity and low scalability features. Moreover, the performance of our proposed designs was only evaluated in computer simulations, which sidestepped the complexities of the real-world blockchain system. To address those shortcomings, we created a generic cloud-based blockchain testbed capable of executing five well-known consensus algorithms including Proof-of-Work, Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-Elapsed Time, Clique, and PBFT. For each consensus protocol, we instrumented our auditing system with various benchmarks to measure the latency, throughput, and scalability, highlighting the trade-off between the different protocols

Field study on the behavior of right-turning vehicles in Malaysia and their contribution on the safety of unsignalized intersections

AbstractBehavior of right turning vehicles in the context of safety is characterized by their use of turning indicators and compliance with the stop rule. They are influence by the width of the carriageway and the variation in volume on the major road with respect to the traffic moving in the near and far side direction. Other factors affecting the behavior are the speed and spacing between vehicles moving on the major road. Lack of adequate past knowledge on the effect of geometric variation in terms of road width and directional variation in volume on the safety of unsignalized intersections have provided the motivation for this study. This paper focuses on the many factors that affect the behavior of right-turning vehicles resulting into conflicts. A brief account of the unique indigenous maneuver termed as the “Weaving Merging Right Turn” (WMRT) is provided and its effectiveness with respect to conventional right turn is evaluated. Data of 39,016 vehicles collected on 10 sites between January and June 2014 was analyzed. Multiple accidents were observed only on sites which had near side traffic volume greater than far side traffic volume. This result remains consistent with sites having single as well as multiple lanes per direction on the major roads. The number of conflicts for vehicles performing the WMRT was 2.5 times less as compared to the conventional right turn. Moreover WMRT was found to be the maneuver of choice for right turning motorcyclists with 60% of them opting for it over the conventional right turn on intersections having major road width less than 9m. None of the motorcyclists, which were involved in a traffic conflict, were observed to use their turning indicator. Moreover none of the motorcyclists, which experienced a traffic conflict, were found to comply with the stopping rule at sites with major road width less than 9m. On sites with major road width greater than 9m, 45% of motorcyclists, involved in a traffic conflict, complied with the stopping rule as compared to 79% by vehicles other than motorcycles

Development and Challenges of Sports Tourism in Pakistan

Tourism is one of the most rapidly growing industries in the world, which accounts for 10% of the global GDP. It is an important mean of income generation, job creation, poverty reduction, foreign exchange earnings and promotion of cross-culturing understanding. It comprises several types of activities including transportation, communication, hospitality, catering, entertainment and advertisement. The aim of this research is to analyse development and challenges faced by sports tourism in Pakistan. Literature is reviewed for this purpose. Data has also been collected from 60 respondents and simple random sampling technique is used for analysis. Closed ended questions were asked from all the respondents. Data analysis tools used for research are mean, mode, median, graphs and percentages. The strength analysis shows the results of research study which concludes that the mean, mode and median tool overall result are above 70% which proves that more development in sports tourism enhances its growth. Good governance has positive impact on sports tourism and more safety and security provided by government may enhance the growth in sports tourism and more tourists will come which encourage the growth of sports tourism industry. This study is of great importance to both academia and practitioners in the tourism Industry of Pakistan as less work has already been done in this field. Keywords: sports tourism, income generation, cross-culturin

Analisis Kandungan Kadmium (Cd) dan Timbal (Pb) pada Air Sumur Gali Penduduk di Sekitar Industri Daur Ulang Aki dan Gangguan Kesehatan pada Masyarakat Desa Bandar Khalipah Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2013

Battery recycling industry is one effective way to avoid the junk pile B3. However, the processing is not oriented environment it becomes a threat to the environment and the health of the surrounding population. The objective of this study to know the content of Cadmium and Plumbum in the public dig well water around the battery recycling industry and health problems in public. Kind of descriptive study that observatifs sanitary dig well, the content of Cadmium and Plumbum in water dig well, and health problems in public living around the battery recycling indusrtry. Sample wells were taken 10 point 50 meters from the industry, and people who live im the Dusun III. The research found sanitary well contamination risk (100%), standard water containing Cd eligible (100%) and Pb (90%). Drinking water standards are not eligible Cd (20%) and Pb (100%). Helath problems in public include itching of the skin (25%), dry scaly skin disorders (21,7%), itchy and scaly skin disorders (15,2%), nausea (6,5%), death taste (21,7%), black feaces (42,4%), bone pain and difficulty moving (1,1%), back pain (2,2%) and increased blood pressure (7,6%). Suggested the role of government in an effort to control the industry and increasing public knowledge about well water contamination from battery recycling industry and sanitary dig well through training, extension and restoration, so avoid health problems

The Institutional Coordination of Brantas Watershed Management

This research aims to figure out how the Institutional Coordination of Brantas Watershed Management is done. By using descriptive analysis method, the research shows that the Institutional Coordination of Brantas Watershed Management consists of operator, developer, regulator, and user. Those four institutional elements are coordinated together in Tim Koordinasi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air (TKPSDA) Brantas (The Coordination Team of the Management of Brantas Water Resource). TKPSDA Brantas has an authority in discussing proposed water allocation plans from each water resource in the area of Brantas River and deciding those allocation plans named Pola Operasi Waduk and Alokasi Air/ POWAA (The Pattern of Dam Operation and Water Allocation). Since POWAA is a guideline of water arrangement for dam operation and water allocation on each withdrawal gate in Brantas River in order to fulfill any necessities agreed by water users and water suppliers such as irrigation, industry, raw material of mineral water, and power generator, POWAA becomes the important output of the coordination in order to achieve Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). Keywords: coordination, institutional, and Brantas Watershed Managemen

Systemic sclerosis: Clinical manifestations, anesthetic and orthopedic considerations in a patient

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is a rare and progressive multisystem autoimmune disorder that is characterized pathologically by vascular abnormalities, connective tissue sclerosis and atrophy of skin and various internal organs (e.g., alimentary tract, lungs, heart, kidney, CNS), and autoantibodies. With an unknown etiology, Scleroderma is a complex polygenetic disease. A recent Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) confirmed a strong association with the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and autoimmunity. We provide a case scenario along with a review of the systems involved and challenges physicians can face in dealing with this rare disease.Case Presentation: Our patient, a known case of systemic sclerosis, was admitted with a history of right femur fracture following a fall. We highlight the medical, anesthetic and surgical challenges faced by our team in the management of this patient. We will explain the stages patient faced in treatment process till her death. We combined the case report with detailed literature review of this rare disease.Discussion: Systemic sclerosis is a complex disease process with many different levels of system involvement. Patient needs to be reviewed thoroughly in preoperative period by multidisciplinary team and counseled in detail about the difficulties in procedure, risks and complications.Conclusion: Patient with scleroderma presents a challenge to the surgical team and anesthetist and a multidisciplinary approach should be followed with all of these patients to avoid catastrophic results