Анализ технологии предварительной подготовки нефти на месторождении "Н" (Красноярский край)

Объектом исследования является технология предварительной подготовки нефти на "Н" нефтегазоконденсатном месторождении. Целью выпускной квалификационной работы является анализ технологии предварительной подготовки нефти и подбор аппарата для отделения воды. В процессе выполнения выпускной квалификационной работы были изучены причины образования нефтяной эмульсии и способы ее разрушения; рассмотрены наиболее распространение устройства для отделения воды. Собраны данные по характеристике месторождения, составам пластовой нефти, газа и воды, технологии предварительной подготовки обводненной нефти.The object of the study is the technology of preliminary oil treatment at the" N " oil and gas condensate field. The purpose of the final qualification work is to analyze the technology of preliminary preparation of oil and the selection of a device for separating water. In the course of the final qualification work, the reasons for the formation of an oil emulsion and the methods of its destruction were studied; the most common devices for separating water were considered. Data on the characteristics of the field, the composition of reservoir oil, gas and water, and the technology of preliminary preparation of watered oil are collected

The Myeloid-Related Proteins 8 and 14 Complex, a Novel Ligand of Toll-Like Receptor 4, and Interleukin-1 beta Form a Positive Feedback Mechanism in Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Objective. Fever of unknown origin is a diagnostic challenge in children, especially for differentiation of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (systemic-onset JIA) and infectious diseases. We undertook this study to analyze the relevance of myeloid-related proteins (MRPs) 8 and 14, endogenous activators of Toll-like receptor 4, in diagnosis and pathogenesis of systemic-onset JIA. Methods. Serum concentrations of MRP-8/MRP-14 were analyzed in 60 patients with systemic-onset JIA, 85 patients with systemic infections, 40 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 5 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, 18 patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), and 50 healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the link between interieukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and MRP-8/MRP-14 in systemic-onset JIA. Results. Serum MRP-8/MRP-14 concentrations were significantly (P <0.001) elevated in patients with active systemic-onset JIA (mean +/- 95% confidence interval 14,920 +/- 4,030 ng/ml) compared with those in healthy controls (340 70 ng/ml), patients with systemic infections (2,640 +/- 720 ng/ml), patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (650 280 ng/ml), patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (840 +/- 940 ng/ml), and patients with NOMID (2,830 +/- 580 ng/ml). In contrast to C-reactive protein levels, MRP-8/MRP-14 concentrations distinguished systemic-onset JIA from infections, with a specificity of 95%. MRP-14 in serum of patients with systemic-onset JIA was a strong inducer of IL-1 beta expression in phagocytes. Conclusion. The analysis of MRP-8/MRP-14 in serum is an excellent tool for the diagnosis of systemic-onset JIA, allowing early differentiation between patients with systemic-onset JIA and those with other inflammatory diseases. MRP-8/MRP-14 and IL-1 beta represent a novel positive feedback mechanism activating phagocytes via 2 major signaling pathways of innate immunity during the pathogenesis of systemic-onset JIA

Epidemiology, utilisation of healthcare resources and outcome of invasive fungal diseases following paediatric allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Summary Background Epidemiology and management practices of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are a subject of constant change. We investigated the contemporary incidence, diagnostics, antifungal management and outcome at a major paediatric transplant centre in Germany. Methods The single‐centre retrospective observational study included all paediatric allogeneic HSCT patients (pts) transplanted between 2005 and 2015. Patient‐related data were assessed up to 365 days post‐transplant. The primary endpoint was the incidence of possible, probable and proven IFDs. Secondary endpoints included diagnostics and antifungal treatment; analysis of risk factors; and overall survival with the last follow‐up in January 2017. Results A total of 221 first (196), second (21) or third (4) procedures were performed in 200 pts (median age: 9 years, range, 0.5‐22) for leukaemia/lymphoma (149) and non‐malignant disorders (72). Prophylaxis was administered in 208 HSCT procedures (94%; fluconazole, 116, mould‐active agents, 92). At least one computed tomography scan of the chest was performed in 146, and at least one galactomannan antigen assay in 60 procedures. There were 15 cases of proven (candidemia, 4; aspergillosis, 4) or probable (aspergillosis, 7) IFDs, accounting for an incidence rate of 6.8%. Overall mortality at last follow‐up was 30%; the occurrence of proven/probable IFDs was associated with a reduced survival probability (P < .001). Conclusion Morbidity and mortality from IFDs at our institution were consistent with data reported from other centres. Utilisation of healthcare resources for prevention, diagnosis and management of IFDs was considerable

Plasma exposures following posaconazole delayed-release tablets in immunocompromised children and adolescents

Background: Posaconazole is a recommended option for antifungal prophylaxis in paediatric patients >12 years of age. However, little is known about plasma exposures and safety following administration of the delayed-release tablets (DRTs) in children and adolescents. Methods: In a retrospective observational study, we analysed steady-state trough concentrations of posaconazole in all paediatric patients who had received the DRT formulation between May 2015 and December 2018 for antifungal prophylaxis. Dosing was guided by a published population pharmacokinetic model with weight-based dosing. Drug concentrations in plasma were measured by a validated tandem MS method. Liver function and drug discontinuations due to adverse effects were also assessed. Results: A total of 34 patients (21 male, 13 female; median age 12 years, range 5-17 years; median body weight 43.5 kg, range 16-84 kg) undergoing treatment for haemato-oncological disorders (n = 23) or immunosuppression for polyarthritis (n = 1) or post-allogeneic HSCT (n = 11) received posaconazole DRTs for a median of 70days (range 9-391 days). The median first steady-state trough plasma concentration following model-derived dosing was 1607 ng/mL (range 501-8485 ng/mL) with trough concentrations being above the dosing target of >= 700 ng/mL in 32/34 patients (94%). Considering all (first and subsequent) trough concentrations, target attainment was 90% (63/70 samples). Posaconazole was well tolerated without adverse event-related discontinuations or breakthrough infections. Conclusions: Administration of posaconazole DRTs to paediatric patients guided by a population pharmacokinetic-derived dosing algorithm resulted in predictable and potentially effective exposures and was well tolerated over prolonged time periods

The alarmin Mrp8/14 as regulator of the adaptive immune response during allergic contact dermatitis

Item does not contain fulltextMrp8 and Mrp14 are endogenous alarmins amplifying inflammation via Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) activation. Due to their pro-inflammatory properties, alarmins are supposed to enhance adaptive immunity via activation of dendritic cells (DCs). In contrast, analysing a model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) we observed a more severe disease outcome in Mrp8/14-deficient compared to wild-type mice. This unexpected phenotype was associated with an enhanced T-cell response due to an accelerated maturation of DCs in Mrp8/14-deficient mice. Accordingly, Mrp8, the active component of the heterocomplex, inhibits early DC maturation and antigen presentation in a TLR-4-dependent manner. Transfer of DCs purified from the local lymph nodes of sensitized Mrp8/14-deficient to wild-type mice determined the outcome of ACD. Our results link a pro-inflammatory role of the endogenous TLR-4 ligand Mrp8/14 to a regulatory function in adaptive immunity, which shows some similarities with the 'hygiene hypothesis' regarding continuous TLR-4 stimulation and decreased risk of allergy

Safety of emapalumab in pediatric patients with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: findings from the primary analysis of the pivotal phase 2/3 study.

Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening, immune regulatory disorder characterized by a hyperinflammatory state in which patients typically develop fever, splenomegaly, cytopenias and coagulopathy. In patients with primary HLH, the cytokine Interferon gamma (IFNy) is often markedly elevated and is considered a key contributor to the hyperinflammatory state. The treatment goal of primary HLH is to stabilize the disease by controlling the associated hyperinflammation in order to bring patients to transplantation, the only curative therapy. Current conventional therapy for HLH comprises immunochemotherapies, which are associated with opportunistic infections, toxicity, and high morbidity and mortality. Emapalumab is a fully human, anti-IFNy monoclonal antibody that neutralizes IFNy. It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with primary HLH with refractory, recurrent or progressive disease, or intolerance with conventional HLH therapy. Herein, we report on the safety of emapalumab in primary HLH seen in the pivotal phase 2/3 study and investigate the relationship of adverse events (AE) to dose and duration of treatment

Safety and Efficacy of Emapalumab in Pediatric Patients with Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Phase II study on the use of emapalumab for therapy of HL