Economic valuation of irrigation water under a major irrigation scheme (Gal Oya) in eastern Sri Lanka

The objective of this study was to estimate the economic value of irrigation water used in a crop farm (paddy and chilies) using a Linear Programming approach in the Senanayake Samudra (Gal-Oya Irrigation Scheme) Right Bank System area in the Ampara District.Length: pp.89-94Irrigation schemesIrrigation waterPricingModels

Upaya Peningkatan Pengelolaan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan oleh Dinas Pendapatan (Studi di Dinas Pendapatan, Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kabupaten Malang)

Dalam penulisan skripsi ini dibahas tentang Upaya Peningkatan Pengelolaan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Pedesaan Dan Perkotaan oleh Dinas Pendapatan Kabupaten Malang dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam melakukan upaya peningkatan tersebut. Penegelolaan PBB sektor Pedesaan dan perkotaan telah dilimpahkan dari Pemerintah Pusat kepada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten dan Kota. Adanya pelimpahan kewenangan pengelolaan PBB sektor pedesaan dan perkotaan, masih banyak terjadi permasalahan dan kendala dalam hal pengelolaan pajak tersebut. Salah satu sektor yang menjadi bertambahnya pendapatan dari suatu daerah adalah sektor pajak. Karena pajak merupakan sumber pendapatan dari suatu daerah. Maka jika pengelolaan tidak baik akan dapat menurunkan pendapatan pajak bumi dan bangunan pedesaan dan perkotaan. Kabupaten Malang telah memiliki beberapa masalah dalam hal pengelolaan pajak bumi dan bangunan pedesaan dan perkotaan, banyaknya penambahan objek pajak dan adanya objek pajak yang belum terdaftar dalam Sistem Informasi Menejemen Objek Pajak merupakan masalah pengelolaan PBB sekto pedesaan dan perkotaan yang terjadi di kabupaten Malang. Untuk itu Dinas Pendapatan yang memiliki kewenangan dalam mengelola pajak tersebut telah melakukan beberapa upya untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan PBB sektor pedesaan dan perkotaan agar masalah-maslah yang ada bisa diselesaikan.Upaya yang dilakukan Dinas Pendapatan Kabupaten Malang adalah dengan melakukan pemutakhiran data sedangkan kendala yang terjadi dalam upaya peneingkatan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Pedesaan Dan Perkotaan yaitu terjadi kendala dalam Sumber Daya Manusi dan tenaga yang ada dilapangan serta luas daerah Kabupaten MalangKata Kunci : Peningkatan Pengelolaa, Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Pedesaan Dan Perkotaa

A Fundamental Investigation of the Effects of Die Geometry and Process Variables on Fiber Diameter and Quality of Melt Blown Polypropylene Webs

An elaborate investigation was carried out to study the effects of die geometry and process variables on fiber diameter and shot formation of melt blown polypropylene webs. This four part investigation included the study of die orifice di mansions such as diameter and UD ratio, die geometry variables such as nosetip angle, air gap, nosetip setback, face gap, and process variables such as polymer throughput rate, volumetric flow rate of primary air, die-to-collector-distance, resin melt flow rate (MFR), and melt shear viscosity. Also the effects of different process variables on physical and mechanical properties of the webs were studied during phase I. The 6-inch pilot line at UTK was used to melt blow a series of homopolypropylene resins provided by Exxon Chemical Company. Statistical techniques used to analyze the data in Phase I concluded that polymer throughput was the only variable to have an independent main effect on average fiber diameter when the primary air flow rate was maintained constant while air knife gap and the corresponding nosetip setback, orifice diameter, orifice LID, polymer MFR, and polymer throughput rate were varied. Orifice diameter, resin MFR, air gap, and UD ratio all had a statistically significant effect (interactive) on average fiber diameter and shot formation. It was also found that under the processing conditions employed, 400 MFR was more sensitive to orifice length than 35 MFR. During Phase II with 650 MFR, the air-to-polymer flow rate ratio and air knife gap were maintained constant while polymer throughput rate and nosetip setback were varied. It was learned that the average fiber diameter could be maintained over a range of only 0.46 μm with increasing polymer throughput rate from 0.4 to 2.0 g/hole/min. Under the resin and processing conditions employed, the effect of nosetip setback on fiber diameter was not statistically significant. Orifice UD did not show a statistically significant effect on average fiber diameter. It was also found during phase II that shot notably increased with the increase in polymer throughput rate, nosetip setback and orifice diameter. The general conclusion from phases I and II was that orifice diameter in the range of 15-20 mils had no practical effect on final fiber diameter. During Phase Ill of this research, 800 MFR webs produced with a 60° nosetip angle were compared to ones made with a 90° tip. The results indicate slightly smaller average fiber diameter for webs obtained with a 60° nosetip. However, the coefficient of variation of fiber diameter was found to be smaller in the case of 90° nosetip angle. The key properties of melt blown webs such as air permeability, bursting strength, and aerosol filtration efficiency to 0.1 μm sodium chloride particles were all higher for the 90° nosetip angle compared to 60° nosetip angle. Phase IV was carried out to explain the effects of orifice diameter and UD ratio on fiber diameter in terms of viscosity response obtained under different processing conditions. Both the 35 and 800 MFR resins used this part of the research exhibited a linear response between shear stress and shear rate under actual melt blowing conditions with the chosen temperatures, orifice dimensions, and polymer throughput rates

CallRank: Combating SPIT using call duration, social networks and global reputation

The growing popularity of IP telephony systems has made them attractive targets for spammers. Voice call spam, also known as Spam over Internet Telephony (SPIT), is potentially a more serious problem than email spam because of the real time processing requirements of voice packets. We explore a novel mechanism that uses duration of calls between users to combat SPIT. CallRank, the scheme proposed by us, uses call duration to establish social network linkages and global reputations for callers, based on which call recipients can decide whether the caller is legitimate or not. CallRank has been implemented within a VoIP system simulation and our results show that we are able to achieve a false negative rate of 10 % and a false positive rate of 3% even in the presence of a significant fraction of spammers

Lending structure and bank insolvency risk : a comparative study between Islamic and conventional Bank.

This study investigates the impact of lending structure on the insolvency risk exposure. A comparative analysis between the insolvency risk behavior between the Islamic and conventional banks is made. Our findings show that real estate lending is positively related to the conventional banks’ risk, but inversely related to the Islamic banks’ risk exposure. Thus, the policy makers as well as the banks should react accordingly in the decision making process

EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT IN PALMAROSA (CYMBOPOGON MARTINII)

 Objective: The aim was to examine the responses viz., herbage yield, essential oil content and oil composition to varying levels of gibberellic acid(GA3), kinetin and indole acetic acid (IAA) in Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii).Methods: Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and oils composition was analyzed by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was evaluated by in-vivo assay. Protein content was evaluated by Lowry method.Chlorophyll was estimated by Arnon method.Results: Plant growth was improved by GA3 significantly, and the increase was maximum at 100 ppm concentration in plant height, leaf area, tillernumber and herbage yield. Chlorophyll content, protein content, NR activity and oil content increased in the plants due to GA3 treatment comparedto untreated plants, and the increase was maximum at 100 ppm concentration. Effect of IAA and kinetin was similar to GA3 but maximum effect wasobserved at 50 ppm concentration. Geraniol content of the essential oil of Palmarosa increased due to GA3 and kinetin treatment while percentage ofgeranyl acetate decreased.Conclusion: On a comparative basis, among the three promotional hormones, GA3 was most effective in stimulating growth, essential oil content, leafarea, tiller number and metabolic parameters (protein content, chlorophyll content and NR activity).Keywords: Cymbopogon martinii, Essential oils, Plant growth regulators, Oil compositon.Â

Analisis Portofolio Kredit Perbankan Umum dan Syariah Berdasarkan Sektor Ekonomi

The purpose of this research is tofind the optimum combination of banks credit portfolio with the smallestcreditrisk based on the economic sectors on each category of commercial bank and Islamic bank in Indonesia.The tools of the research are Markowitz and Value at Risk (VaR) methods.Type of data used is secondary dataconsist of monthly data ofthe credit position from the ten economic sectors of banks in the period 2009-2011. Alldata are taken from the Statistic Data of Central Bank of Indonesia. Totaldata used are 600 data consist of theten economicsectors such as agriculture; mining; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water;construction; trade,restaurant and hotels; transportation, warehousing andcommunication; business services; social services, andother.The result suggestthat optimum combination of credit portfolio on eachbanks contains five economic sectorsand number of VaR for credit risk on eachbanks almost same. Banks should make decision of creditportfoliowithdifferent combination of economic sectors to minimize credit risk.Keywords: portfolio of credit, economics sectors, VaR,Markowitz method

Implementation of MHMIP and Comparing the Performance With MIP and DHMIP in Mobile Networks

Managing the mobility efficiently in wireless networks causes critical issue, in order to support mobile users. To support global mobility in IP networks The Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) has been proposed. The Hierarchical MIP (HMIP) and Dynamic HMIP (DHMIP) strategies are also proposed for providing high signaling delay. Our proposal approach “Multicast HMIP strategy” limits the registration processes in the GFAs. For high-mobility MTs, MHMIP provides lowest mobility signaling delay compared to the HMIP and DHMIP approaches. However, it is resource consuming strategy unless for frequent MT mobility. Hence, we propose an analytic model to evaluate the mean signaling delay and the mean bandwidth per call according to the type of MT mobility. In our analysis, the MHMIP gives the best performance among the DHMIP and MIP strategies in almost all the studied cases. The main contribution of this paper is to implement the MHMIP and provide the analytic model that allows the comparison of MIP, DHMIP and MHMIP mobility management approaches