PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOWERING AND FRUITING BEHAVIORS OF NYAMPLUNG (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.)

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophylun Linn.) has high potential as raw material for biodiesel.Understanding reproductive growth behavior of nyamplung is important if the species want to be developed for supporting biodiesel program. This study is aiming at understanding the flowering and fruiting characteristics and their development; ripe fruit production; fruit harvesting time and seed viability of nyamplung. The study completed in 2010 in Jerowaru and Korleko (East Lombok District), and North Batukliang (Central Lombok District). The method consists of direct observation and seed germination trial. The results indicated that nyamplung has a perfect flower were both male and female reproductive organs are in a single flower. Nyamplung fruit is globose with its length from 2.5 to 3.4 and the width from 2.3 to 3.3 cm. Nyamplung flowering period was different between sites as a respond to biophysical and agro-climatic condition of the habitat. The flowering period tends to delay with the Calophyllum inophyllum increase of rainfall and this association had high correlation (97,3%). The flowering period completes within a month, while the fruiting period within 1.5 to 2.5 months.The percentages of ripe fruits at each location were 40.29% (Korleko), 36.45% (North Batukliang), and 32.78% (Jerowaru). The percentages of germinated seed

The Use of Some Growing Media and Shading Level to Increase the Growth of Litsea cubeba's Seedling

Kilemo (Litsea cubeba L. Persoon) is one of the potential economic producing essential oils, because all body part of kilemo’s trees can produce essential oil.  The development of kilemo is constrained by the lack of information on cultivation technology. Research on kilemo nursery has been carried out, however the information was not completely provided especially those related to shading and media.  Therefore the purpose of the study is to get information on the response of kilemo seedlings on the use of shade and media in the nursery. The study was conducted in a Greenhouse of Forest Tree Seed Technology Research & Development Center (FTSTRDC) Bogor. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with Factorial Pattern, consisted of 2 factors and 10 replications. The first factor is media consisting of 5 types of media: soil; compost charcoal;soil + compost charcoal 3:1 (v/v); soil + paddy husk charcoal 3:1 (v/v); and soil + charcoal compost + paddy husk charcoal 3: 1: 1 (v/v/v). The second factor is shade consisting of 4 shade intensity that is: 0 percent, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent. The results showed that Media of soil + paddy husk charcoal 3:1 (v:v) with shade 25 percent gives the best growth to Litsea cubeba’s seedlings 5 months after weaning on the parameters of height (12.64 cm), number of leaves (5.56), dry weight (0.182), seed quality index (0.021) and TR ratio (1.967)

Evaluating agroforestry patterns to increase land productivity of Falcataria moluccana private forests in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara

Developing agroforestry systems in private forests is expected to increase productivity. This study aims to determine the appropriate agroforestry design for Falcataria moluccana-based private forests in Central Lombok Regency. Three intercrop species were tested: small taro (Colocasia esculenta), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews). This study was established using a completely randomized design. The three planting combinations were examined in three replications for a total of nine test plots: F. moluccana+vanilla+small taro (FmVT), F. moluccana+vanilla+ginger (FmVG), and F. moluccana+vanilla+ginger+small taro (FmVGT). Each test plot was 10 x 10 m and was located at 3 x 3 m spacing under a 3-year-old F. moluccana stand. The measured variables were crop survival rates, plant yields, and microclimatic data. The correlation between the variables was examined using the Pearson Product Moment, Duncan's advanced multiple range test (DMRT), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The market price was used to determine the crop's economic value. The best agroforestry design was based on the economic value of crop production and the land equivalent ratio. The results indicated that the combination of F. moluccana, vanilla, ginger, and small taro, which generated an additional income of IDR 11,851,250 ha-1 a year, should be widely promoted and adopted

Comparison of the Eggs and Cocoons Quality of Some Mulberry Silkworm Hybrid Bombyx mori L.

Sericulture is one of the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that can help Indonesians live better lives and support environmental improvement. Silk, as a product of sericulture, is one of the five NTFPs that Indonesia has identified as having the ability to boost the nation’s economy and alleviate poverty. However, there are several issues with the development of silk in Indonesia, chiefly issues with the quality of silkworm seedlings and low cocoon yield. Crossbreeding is one method used to boost egg output. This study aimed to evaluate the eggs and cocoons produced by various silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) crosses. The Pustarhut Laboratory hosted the research from May to August 2022. Twelve treatments were employed in the form of crosses using the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, and each treatment applied three replicates. Overall, the findings demonstrated that the CE cross ((919 x 927) x (804 x p208)) produced eggs (652 eggs) and cocoons of higher quality than other crossings. However, although the egg numbers of CF cross ((919 × 927) × (p208 × 804)) and FC cross ((p208 × 804) × (919 × 927)) produced 622 and 631 eggs, respectively and were significantly different from CE cross, they still produced egg numbers above 600. In addition, they produced cocoon quality that was not significantly different from CE cross. All finding indicates that silkworms from CE, CF, and FC crosses can be used as an alternative to superior silkworm breeding to increase the productivity of silkworm rearing in Indonesia. Keywords: Bombyx mori, cocoon quality, double-cross, seed qualit

Seed Dormancy Breaking Techniques of Two Species of Rattan in Central Sulawesi's Mainstay: Daemonorops Robusta Warb.ex Beccari and Calamus Inops Beccari Ex Heyne

Noko rattan (Daemonorops robusta) and tohiti rattan (Calamus inops) are the Sulawesi local rattans that are not yet cultivated due to obstacles in its cultivation techniques, especially in seed germination. The purpose of this study was to determine the breaking of dormancy of rattan noko and tohiti seeds. The treatments used are: control, scarification, soaked in the water for 24 hours, soaked in the mono sodium glutamat solution for 24 hours, and soaked in coconut water for 24 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized design. The parameters observed were the initial moisture content of the seed, the first day of germination, germination capacity, germination rate and germination value. The results show that both rattans seeds are recalcitrant. Noko rattan is easier to germinate than Tohiti rattan and the best treatment of dormancy breaking was used immersion with coconut water. In noko rattan, broken dormancy of the 13th day with germination capacity of 91.98%, mean germination time of 32.92 days and a germination value of 0.001. Tohiti rattan was able to break dormancy in the 29th day with 88.67% of germination capacity, 58.63 days of mean germination time and 0.001 of germination value

The Development of Indigofera spp. as a Source of Natural Dyes to Increase Community Incomes on Timor Island, Indonesia

A strategy that has the potential to contribute to the achievement of the targets established under SDG 8 (“Decent Work and Economic Growth”) involves the development of sustainable tourism to create productive job and livelihood opportunities and to promote local culture and products. In the province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, ikat weaving is an integral part of the cultural heritage of the region, with ikat characterized by unique design motives and the use of natural dyes. Unfortunately, in some areas, the use of natural dyes is diminishing as a result of competition with synthetic dyes and the limited availability of raw materials, particularly for the production of blue dye. The development of Indigofera spp. to produce natural, plant-based blue dye has significant potential to contribute to community incomes and employment. This study outlines a strategy for developing the use of Indigofera spp. as a natural dye and describes its potential for contributing to community incomes, especially on Timor Island, NTT. The study shows that weavers currently use indigo plants that grow naturally in gardens and yards. Although the community has a tradition of using these plants, informed by local wisdom, to develop the cultivation and processing of this plant through the application of the appropriate techniques, including innovative approaches to producing indigo paste, could enable the development of Indigofera spp. cultivation on a larger scale. The study shows that the availability of suitable land is high (±370 thousand ha), with 80% of the suitable land being categorized as critical. The study proposes a development based on the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to assess the manner in which these opportunities could be leveraged with the support and participation of local communities and other stakeholders by leveraging the culture and wisdom of the community regarding the use of Indigofera spp

The Development of <i>Indigofera</i> spp. as a Source of Natural Dyes to Increase Community Incomes on Timor Island, Indonesia

A strategy that has the potential to contribute to the achievement of the targets established under SDG 8 (“Decent Work and Economic Growth”) involves the development of sustainable tourism to create productive job and livelihood opportunities and to promote local culture and products. In the province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, ikat weaving is an integral part of the cultural heritage of the region, with ikat characterized by unique design motives and the use of natural dyes. Unfortunately, in some areas, the use of natural dyes is diminishing as a result of competition with synthetic dyes and the limited availability of raw materials, particularly for the production of blue dye. The development of Indigofera spp. to produce natural, plant-based blue dye has significant potential to contribute to community incomes and employment. This study outlines a strategy for developing the use of Indigofera spp. as a natural dye and describes its potential for contributing to community incomes, especially on Timor Island, NTT. The study shows that weavers currently use indigo plants that grow naturally in gardens and yards. Although the community has a tradition of using these plants, informed by local wisdom, to develop the cultivation and processing of this plant through the application of the appropriate techniques, including innovative approaches to producing indigo paste, could enable the development of Indigofera spp. cultivation on a larger scale. The study shows that the availability of suitable land is high (±370 thousand ha), with 80% of the suitable land being categorized as critical. The study proposes a development based on the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to assess the manner in which these opportunities could be leveraged with the support and participation of local communities and other stakeholders by leveraging the culture and wisdom of the community regarding the use of Indigofera spp

Lens on Tropical Sericulture Development in Indonesia: Recent Status and Future Directions for Industry and Social Forestry

The domestic silkworm or mulberry silk moth, B. mori L., provides more than 99% of the world&rsquo;s silk. Silk, as a sericulture product, was first introduced in Indonesia through a trade mechanism and began to develop in 1953. Several factors (economic, ecological, market, and cultural) support sericulture and make it become one of the non-timber forest product priorities. However, the competitive advantages alone have not encouraged the development of prospective sericulture industry in Indonesia yet. This paper is a review of tropical sericulture development in Indonesia. The literature on the development of sericulture in Indonesia between 1989 and 2022 is used to describe conditions related to mulberry cultivation (moriculture), and silkworm rearing (sericulture), as well as the state of socio-economic development, culture, and institutions. Moriculture and sericulture techniques, socio-economic aspects, institutional arrangements, and community motivations are intertwined, creating a challenging atmosphere for sericulture development. There are potential resources, such as exploring quality mulberry production and quality silkworm production through research and development, valuable cultural aspects, and potential stakeholders to build network engagement. Commitment, cooperation, and action from all stakeholders are needed to enhance the development of sericulture in Indonesia. In this context, the central government can play an important role in facilitating multi-stakeholder partnerships in the development of integrated sericulture in Indonesia