Perceived parenting and social support: can they predict academic achievement in Argentinean college students?

The aim of this study was to test the ability to predict academic achievement through the perception of parenting and social support in a sample of 354 Argentinean college students. Their mean age was 23.50 years (standard deviation =2.62 years) and most of them (83.3%) were females. As a prerequisite for admission to college, students are required to pass a series of mandatory core classes and are expected to complete them in two semesters. Delay in completing the curriculum is considered low academic achievement. Parenting was assessed taking into account the mother and the father and considering two dimensions: responsiveness and demandingness. Perceived social support was analyzed considering four sources: parents, teachers, classmates, and best friend or boyfriend/girlfriend. Path analysis showed that, as hypothesized, responsiveness had a positive indirect effect on the perception of social support and enhanced achievement. Demandingness had a different effect in the case of the mother as compared to the father. In the mother model, demandingness had a positive direct effect on achievement. In the case of the father, however, the effect of demandingness had a negative and indirect impact on the perception of social support. Teachers were the only source of perceived social support that significantly predicted achievement. The pathway that belongs to teachers as a source of support was positive and direct. Implications for possible interventions are discussed.Fil: de la Iglesia, Guadalupe. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Validación del Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) en Universitarios de Buenos Aires, Argentina [Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). Its validation for undergraduates from Buenos Aires, Argentina]

ResumenLos enfoques de aprendizaje permiten conocer las preferencias que manifiestan las personas para enfrentar una tarea de aprendizaje específica. Una de las herramientas más difundidas para evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje es el Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST), que en su versión abreviada permite valorar mediante 18 ítems tres enfoques de aprendizaje (Profundo, Superficial, Estratégico). Dada la importancia que este instrumento tiene para evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios, el objetivo de esta investigación es validar la versión española para el contexto argentino. Para ello se adecuó primero lingüísticamente el inventario a los modismos locales, para luego examinar evidencias de validez de constructo (análisis factorial exploratorio, confirmatorio, e invarianza factorial) y evidencias de validez concurrente. También se estudió la confiabilidad del instrumento mediante el análisis de consistencia interna. Se obtuvo una herramienta compuesta de 14 reactivos que posibilita evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje Profundo, Superficial y Estratégico propuestos por la teoría. El modelo resultante de los procedimientos exploratorio y confirmatorio exhibió una adecuada invarianza factorial, y las dimensiones del inventario presentaron índices de consistencia interna superiores a .80. Además se obtuvieron evidencias de validez concurrente coherentes con la teoría y con resultados empíricos previos. AbstractThe study of approaches to learning enables the descrip­tion of preferences manifested when facing a specific learning task. One of the most widespread instruments for assessing learning approaches is the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). In its short version of 18 items, the ASSIST measures three learning approaches (Deep, Surface and Strategic). Given that the availability of this instrument would be of great value and needed to research learning approaches in college stu­dents, the objective of this research was to develop an Ar­gentinean version. To meet this end, the inventory under­went an initial linguistic adaptation to the local forms of expression and idioms. Then, construct validity was ex­amined (exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, and factorial invariance) together with analyses of concur­rent validity. Reliability was examined by means of anal­yses of internal consistency. The resulting 14-item instru­ment may be used to describe approaches to learning as proposed by the theory: Deep, Superficial and Strategic. The measure obtained by exploratory and confirmatory procedures showed an adequate factorial invariance. The dimensions of the inventory had internal consistency in­dexes greater than .80. Finally, evidences of concurrent validity were coherent with the theory and with previous empirical results

Approaches and study skills inventory for students (assist): its validation for undergraduates from Buenos Aires, Argentina

Los enfoques de aprendizaje permiten conocer las preferencias que manifiestan las personas para enfrentar una tarea de aprendizaje específica. Una de las herramientas más difundidas para evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje es el Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST), que en su versión abreviada permite valorar mediante 18 ítems tres enfoques de aprendizaje (Profundo, Superficial, Estratégico). Dada la importancia que este instrumento tiene para evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios, el objetivo de esta investigación es validar la versión española para el contexto argentino. Para ello se adecuó primero lingüísticamente el inventario a los modismos locales, para luego examinar evidencias de validez de constructo (análisis factorial exploratorio, confirmatorio, e invarianza factorial) y evidencias de validez concurrente. También se estudió la confiabilidad del instrumento mediante el análisis de consistencia interna. Se obtuvo una herramienta compuesta de 14 reactivos que posibilita evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje Profundo, Superficial y Estratégico propuestos por la teoría. El modelo resultante de los procedimientos exploratorio y confirmatorio exhibió una adecuada invarianza factorial, y las dimensiones del inventario presentaron índices de consistencia interna superiores a .80. Además se obtuvieron evidencias de validez concurrente coherentes con la teoría y con resultados empíricos previos.The study of approaches to learning enables the description of preferences manifested when facing a specific learning task. One of the most widespread instruments for assessing learning approaches is the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). In its short version of 18 items, the ASSIST measures three learning approaches (Deep, Surface and Strategic). Given that the availability of this instrument would be of great value and needed to research learning approaches in college students, the objective of this research was to develop an Argentinean version. To meet this end, the inventory underwent an initial linguistic adaptation to the local forms of expression and idioms. Then, construct validity was examined (exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, and factorial invariance) together with analyses of concurrent validity. Reliability was examined by means of analyses of internal consistency. The resulting 14-item instrument may be used to describe approaches to learning as proposed by the theory: Deep, Superficial and Strategic. The measure obtained by exploratory and confirmatory procedures showed an adequate factorial invariance. The dimensions of the inventory had internal consistency indexes greater than .80. Finally, evidences of concurrent validity were coherent with the theory and with previous empirical results.Fil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Romero Medina, Agustín. Universidad de Murcia; Españ

O Questionário de Metas de Realização 3 × 2- Argentina (3 × 2 AGQ-AR): Adaptação, Estrutura Fatorial e Consistência Interna

Este trabajo evaluó la adaptación, validez y confiabilidad del Cuestionario de metas de logro 3 × 2 (Elliot et al., 2011) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Se realizó una traducción directa al español y se analizó su equivalencia en una muestra bilingüe. Las correlaciones entre las versiones original y traducida de las escalas fueron moderadas y altas (.53 a .93). En dos instancias, se proveyó evidencia de la estructura factorial del instrumento mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y se examinó la consistencia interna a través de los coeficientes alfa y omega. Los índices de ajuste apoyaron el modelo propuesto de metas 3 × 2 (S-B χ 2 /df = 1.39, p < .001, CFI = .99, RMSEA [IC 95] = .04 [.02-.06]) y fueron superiores a diez modelos alternativos. La consistencia interna de cada escala fue muy buena (.80 a .96) y similar a la de la investigación original.This research examined the adaptation, validity and reliability of the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire (Elliot, Murayama, & Pekrun, 2011) in a sample of Argentine university students. A direct translation into Spanish was made and its equivalence was analyzed in a bilingual sample. The correlations between the original and translated versions of the scales were moderate and high (.53 to .93). In two instances, evidence of the factor structure of the instrument was provided by confirmatory factor analysis and the internal consistency was examined by the coefficients alpha and omega. The fit indexes support the proposed 3 × 2 goal model (S-B χ2/df = 1.39, p < .001, CFI = .99, RMSEA [IC 95] = .04 [.02-.06]) and were superior to ten alternative models. The internal consistency of each scale was very good (.80 to .96) and similar to that of the original research.Este trabalho avaliou a adaptação, validade e confiabilidade do questionário de metas de realização 3 × 2 (Elliot et al., 2011) em uma amostra de estudantes universitários argentinos. Foi realizada tradução direta para o espanhol e sua equivalência analisada em uma amostra bilíngue. As correlações entre as versões original e traduzida das escalas foram moderadas e altas (.53 a .93). Em dois casos, a evidência da estrutura fatorial do instrumento foi fornecida por análise fatorial confirmatória e a consistência interna foi examinada por meio dos coeficientes alfa e ômega. Os índices de ajuste apoiaram o modelo de metas 3 × 2 proposto (S-B χ 2 /df = 1.39, p < .001, CFI = .99, RMSEA [IC 95] = .04 [.02-.06]) e foram superiores a dez modelos alternativos. A consistência interna de cada escala foi muito boa (.80 a .96) e semelhante à da pesquisa original.Fil: Sánchez Rosas, Javier. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Alonso Crespo, Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Furlan, Luis Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

O Questionário de Metas de Realização 3 × 2- Argentina (3 × 2 AGQ-AR): Adaptação, Estrutura Fatorial e Consistência Interna

Este trabajo evaluó la adaptación, validez y confiabilidad del Cuestionario de metas de logro 3 × 2 (Elliot et al., 2011) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Se realizó una traducción directa al español y se analizó su equivalencia en una muestra bilingüe. Las correlaciones entre las versiones original y traducida de las escalas fueron moderadas y altas (.53 a .93). En dos instancias, se proveyó evidencia de la estructura factorial del instrumento mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y se examinó la consistencia interna a través de los coeficientes alfa y omega. Los índices de ajuste apoyaron el modelo propuesto de metas 3 × 2 (S-B χ 2 /df = 1.39, p < .001, CFI = .99, RMSEA [IC 95] = .04 [.02-.06]) y fueron superiores a diez modelos alternativos. La consistencia interna de cada escala fue muy buena (.80 a .96) y similar a la de la investigación original.This research examined the adaptation, validity and reliability of the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire (Elliot, Murayama, & Pekrun, 2011) in a sample of Argentine university students. A direct translation into Spanish was made and its equivalence was analyzed in a bilingual sample. The correlations between the original and translated versions of the scales were moderate and high (.53 to .93). In two instances, evidence of the factor structure of the instrument was provided by confirmatory factor analysis and the internal consistency was examined by the coefficients alpha and omega. The fit indexes support the proposed 3 × 2 goal model (S-B χ2/df = 1.39, p < .001, CFI = .99, RMSEA [IC 95] = .04 [.02-.06]) and were superior to ten alternative models. The internal consistency of each scale was very good (.80 to .96) and similar to that of the original research.Este trabalho avaliou a adaptação, validade e confiabilidade do questionário de metas de realização 3 × 2 (Elliot et al., 2011) em uma amostra de estudantes universitários argentinos. Foi realizada tradução direta para o espanhol e sua equivalência analisada em uma amostra bilíngue. As correlações entre as versões original e traduzida das escalas foram moderadas e altas (.53 a .93). Em dois casos, a evidência da estrutura fatorial do instrumento foi fornecida por análise fatorial confirmatória e a consistência interna foi examinada por meio dos coeficientes alfa e ômega. Os índices de ajuste apoiaram o modelo de metas 3 × 2 proposto (S-B χ 2 /df = 1.39, p < .001, CFI = .99, RMSEA [IC 95] = .04 [.02-.06]) e foram superiores a dez modelos alternativos. A consistência interna de cada escala foi muito boa (.80 a .96) e semelhante à da pesquisa original.Fil: Sánchez Rosas, Javier. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Alonso Crespo, Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Furlan, Luis Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Paradoxical personality scale: Its development and construct validity analysis

Se presenta el proceso de construcción y validación de la Escala de Personalidad Paradójica, diseñada a partir de la propuesta de Csikszentmihalyi (1996), quien describiera el concepto evaluado en relación a los individuos creativos. Se redactaron 150 reactivos que fueron sometidos a juicio experto y a examen de validez aparente en un estudio piloto. La versión resultante fue usada en un estudio factorial exploratorio (473 estudiantes; 50.5% varones, 49.5% mujeres; 18 a 35 años; = 21.82; DT= 3.14). La estructura resultante, de 6 dimensiones y 30 ítems, fue confirmada mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio (800 estudiantes universitarios; 44.4% varones, 55.6% mujeres; 18 a 35 años; = 23.47; DT= 3.30). Ambas muestras provenían de la población de estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires, Argentina. También se analizó la consistencia interna y la estabilidad temporal de las puntuaciones, obteniéndose en ambos casos coeficientes aceptables, dada la composición de las dimensiones subyacentes al constructo analizado. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de los modelos teóricos propuestos, las ventajas de la brevedad y sencillez de aplicación y según nuevas líneas de investigación.The development and construct validation process of the Paradoxical Personality Scale is presented in this paper. The concept assessed has been posed by Csikszentmihalyi (1996) and was described as related to creative individuals. Following his guidelines, 150 items were designed and judged by five experts, and later analysed from a facies standpoint. The resulting version was used in a sample of college students (n=473; 50.5% males, 49.5% females) from 18 to 35 years (M = 21.82; DT= 3.14), to explore underlying dimensions. A 30item/6-factor solution was firstly isolated and after confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis developed with 800 college students (44.4% males, 55.6% females), between18 and 35 years (M = 23.47; DT= 3.30). Both samples were selected from the population of college students from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Internal consistency and temporal stability of scores were also tested, obtaining adequate coefficients in both cases, in view of the composition of the dimensions underlying the construct analysed. Results show acceptable psychometric properties as well as shortness and simplicity for data gathering, which are discussed taking into account theoretical models and new research lines.Fil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de la Iglesia, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Perceived Parenting Styles and Parental Inconsistency Scale: Construct Validity in Young Adults

The study examinesevidences of construct validity of the Perceived Parental Styles and Parental Inconsistency scale –EPIPP–, on a sample of 369 young adults. Individuals were asked about their father and their mother by means of 24 items. These conformsix subscales that constitutea first-order-model–Affection, Dialogue, Indifference, Verbal Coercion, Physical Coercion and Prohibition–that additionally group into two major scales –a second-order model–:Responsiveness and Demandingness.A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on the first-orderand second-order factor structures,using maximum likelihood anda bootstrap procedure with 500 random samples. Resulting indexes showed an excellent fit in both modelsfor theFatherand Motherversions. Furthermore, adequate resultswere obtained in a cross-validation and afactorial invariance analysis. This way, solid evidences of construct validity were obtained for the EPIPP, suggesting it for the assessmentof perceived parenting in young adults.Fil: de la Iglesia, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Predicting academic achievement: The role of Motivation and Learning Strategies

The aim of this study consists in testing a predictive model of academic achievement including motivation and learning strategies as predictors. Motivation is defined as the energy and the direction of behaviors; it is categorized in three types of motivation –intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Learning strategies are deliberate operations oriented towards information processing in academic activities (Valle, Barca, González & Núñez, 1999). Several studies analysed the relationship between motivation and learning strategies in high school and college environments. Students with higher academic achievement were intrinsically motivated and used a wider variety of learning strategies more frequently. A non-experimental predictive design was developed. The sample was composed by 459 students (55.2% high-schoolers; 44.8% college students). Data were gathered by means of sociodemographic and academic surveys, and also by the local versions of the Academic Motivation Scale –EMA, Echelle de Motivation en Éducation (Stover, de la Iglesia, Rial Boubeta & Fernández Liporace, 2012; Vallerand, Blais, Briere & Pelletier, 1989) and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory –LASSI (Stover, Uriel & Fernández Liporace, 2012; Weinstein, Schulte & Palmer, 1987). Several path analyses were carried out to test a hypothetical model to predict academic achievement (Kline, 1998). Results indicated that self-determined motivation explained academic achievement through the use of learning strategies. The final model obtained an excellent fit (χ2=16.523, df= 6, p=0.011; GFI=0.987; AGFI=0.955; SRMR=0.0320; NFI=0.913; IFI=0.943; CFI=0.940). Results are discussed considering Self Determination Theory and previous research.Fil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: de la Iglesia, Guadalupe. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students: A Comparison of Psychometric Properties between Paper and Pencil and Online Versions in College Students

Se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión argentina del ASSIST y su invarianza factorial según modalidad de administración (lápiz-papel y online). Se trabajó con dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios de Argentina. Una de ellas (n=700) contestó el ASSIST en formato de lápiz y papel, y la otra (n=835) lo hizo de modo online. Se testeó el ajuste del modelo para ambas muestras observando adecuados índices. Luego se comparó el modelo entre los formatos de administración verificando una adecuada invarianza métrica. Asimismo, se analizó la consistencia interna de las dimensiones del instrumento para cada muestra y se las comparó entre ellas. Los resultados mostraron adecuados índices. Finalmente, no se observaron variaciones al comparar los puntajes de las dimensiones entre ambas muestras. Se discute el alcance de los resultados y sus implicancias prácticas.The psychometric properties of the Argentinian version of the ASSIST and its factorial invariance for two administration formats (paper-pencil and online), were analyzed. Two samples were employed. In one of them, the participants (n=700) completed the ASSIST in paper and pencil format, and in the other (n=835), they responded online. The model fit for both samples was tested obtaining adequate indices. A factorial invariance analysis then compared the model for the two administration formats, verifying adequate metric invariance. Furthermore, the internal consistency of the instrument dimensions for each sample was analyzed and compared. Results showed good coefficients. Finally, the comparison of dimension scores between the samples did not produce variations. The results and their practical implications are discussed.Fil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Romero Medina, Amanda. Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Psicología

Self-esteem and Academic Climate: Analysis of the psychometric properties of two instruments that operationalize both constructs

El presente trabajo investiga las variables Clima Académico y Autoestima en estudiantes de la Facultad Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Se analizó las propiedades psicométricas de dos instrumentos que operacionalizan ambos constructos. Por un lado, se examinó la versión para adultos del Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) para evaluar Autoestima, y por otro, la Escala de Clima Social de Aula para Universidades (ECSA-U), que mide el Clima Académico. Primero, se adaptó lingüísticamente cada uno de los instrumentos al ámbito universitario local. En segundo lugar, se analizó evidencias de valides de contenido y aparente mediante juicio experto y prueba piloto. Por sugerencias de los jueces se suprimieron tres ítems, uno correspondiente a la escala SEI y dos a la ECSA-U. Adicionalmente, se redactó un reactivo nuevo para la escala SEI. La prueba piloto con estudiantes verificó una adecuada comprensión de las herramientas. En tercer lugar, se analizó la estructura interna de las versiones resultantes de SEI y ECSA-U, mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se testeó para ambas pruebas las estructuras de tres factores de segundo orden propuestas en los modelos originales, verificando un adecuado ajuste para ambos instrumentos. Además, se observó una adecuada consistencia interna para todas las dimensiones. Los resultados se discutieron a la luz de la teoría y de estudios psicométricos previos.This research analyzed the Academic Climate and Self-Esteem variables in college students from the School of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires. The psychometric properties of two instruments that operationalized both constructs were analyzed. On the one hand, the adult version of the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) was examined to assess Self-Esteem, on the other, the Classroom Social Climate Scale for Universities (ECSA-U), which measures Academic Climate. First, each instrument was linguistically adapted into the local university setting. Second, evidence of content and face validity was analyzed employing expert judgment and a pilot study. At the judge's suggestion, three items were deleted, one corresponding to the SEI scale and two to the ECSA-U scale. Additionally, a new item was written for the SEI scale. The pilot test with students verified an adequate understanding of the instruments. Third, the internal structure of the resulting versions of the SEI and ECSA-U was analyzed by a confirmatory factor analysis. The three-factor second-order structures proposed in the original models were tested for both tests, verifying an adequate fit for both instruments. In addition, adequate internal consistency was observed for all dimensions. The results were discussed taking into account the theory and previous psychometric studies.Fil: Motta, Florencia Anabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin