Analisis Desain & Kecelakaan Reaktor Chernobyl (RBMK.1000)

Kata kunci: Reaktor Chernobyl

Metoda pemantauan takaran radiasi di luar pipa uap PLTN-BWR

ABSTRAK Uap yang dihasilkan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir tipe reaktor air mendidih (PL TN-BWR) bers(fat radioaktiJ. sehingga meskipun PL TN tersebut telah dikungkung dengan lameng biologis (biological shield) masih diperlukan pemantauan tingkat radioaktivitas di luar per/1/llkaan pipa yang dilewati uap secara terus menerus. Tulisan ini membahas Sllalu met ode pengukuran takaran (dose) radiasi pada tilik koordinat tertentu di luar pipa dengan menganggap aliran uap dalam pipa adalah man tap dan kekualan sumber radiasi di seluruh permukaan pipa adalah uniform sehingga pipa tersebut dapat dianggap sebagai sumber radiasi external. Dari uraian ini nampak bahwa laju ,akaran (dose rate) tertinggi terletak pada daerah yang tegak lurus terhadap tengah-tengah panjang pipa. karena itu dalam desain pintu masuk ruang kontrol tidak boleh diletakkan dalam daerah tersebllt Keyword: reaktor air, dose rate, tameng biologi

Pengaruh Pengoperasian Reaktor Kartini terhadapKadar DO, BOD, dan COD Air Pendingin primer

 Affiliation—Country—Bio Statement Principal contact for editorial correspondence. NameTri Wulan Tjiptono Affiliation—Country—Bio StatementPusat Penelitian dan  Pengembangan  Teknologi  Maju  -  BATAN, Yogyakarta NameTony Dwi Susanto Affiliation—Country—Bio StatementFakultas Teknik Industri,  UPN Veteran, YogyakartaTitle and AbstractTitle  AbstractIn  light  water  reaclor  (LWR) systems,  water coolant passes through  reactor  core  to  remove heat  generated  by fission processes.  Therefore,  the  temperature  of water  coolant raise  and thewater  coolant  is  irradialed  by neutrons from reactor core.The research was  directed  to  explorethe influences  of  both of them  to  the  contents of Dissolved  Oxygen  (DO), Biological OrygenDentand  (BOD)  and  Chemical  Oxygen Demand  (COD).The  research  wss done by  chemical titration method  to  measure  the  content  of DO,  BOD5,and COD in the  water  coolant  in  which  the reactor  was  operated  at   critical  condition  andconstant  power.  water  samplingwere   done  after  45',90',  l3s',  IB0',225',  and  270',   reactoroperation.The results  of  this  research  are:  (1)  the  temperature  of the  coolant  is  increasing  asoperating  time function, (2) the content  of DO is  also  increasing,  while  BOD5 and  COD tends  tobe constant,  and  (3)in  general  the reactor  water coolant  is  safe  to  be released  to the environment.Keywords:  water coolant,  heat,  irradiation, chemical titration, D

RancanganmBangunmdetektor Radiasi Nonpengion Di Sekitar Saluran Udara Tegangan Eksra Tinggi(Sutet) (Design and Development of Non-Ionizing Radiation Detector ...

The Extra High Voltage Transmission Line (EHVTL) which was construction in the populated area creates significant implication in psychological impact to the people. It must be due to the rumor that the non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation causes some problem in the surrounding people\u27s health. In order to confirm the non-ionizing radiation impact on the people, the research has been conducted around of EHVTL, which is located in Bowan Village, District Delanggu, Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. A detector for non-ionizing radiation were developed and used accordingly. The simulation results and the measurement results show that the maximum intensity of electrics field levels were 0.014kV/m. These levels are significantly lower than the maximum level of the International Standard for Non-Ionizing Radiation Level, i.e., 10 kV/m. Average the maximum intensity of magnetic field levels were 0.650mT, which are higher than the maximum level of the International Standard for Non-Ionizing Radiation Level, i.e., O.5mT. This detector for non-ionizing radiation can as well be used by the designers and engineers who work in the electric energy transmission field. Keywords: non-ionizing radiation, electromagnetic, electrics field, magnetisms fie

Perancangan on line public access catalog (OPAC) system berbasis intranet

ABSTRACT Up to now, the catalog information service of field research report (LKP) and thesis (TGA) at the Department of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University is managed manually. Considering the fact that the library trend in the future is a network based library, suitable electronic library development is very important. Therefore, design of the OPAC system (Online Public Access Catalog) is directed to computerize and to make the catalog information could be accessed by all computers in local area network (OPAC based on LAN). The OPAC based on LAN is designed by using Microsoft Visual Basic Program, 6.0 Enterprise Edition. By using OPAC system, students, lecturers and others users can find any catalog information about LKP and TGA on their computer (work station) that connected to the local area network quickly. Keywords: system berbasis intranet, OPA

PENGGUNAAN PASIR BESI DAN BARIT SEBAGAI AGREGAT BETON BERAT UNTUK PERISAI RADIASI SINAR GAMMA

Radiation Protection is a crucial aspect in controlling the impacts of radiation to environmental health. Therefore, every nuclear installation and radiology unit has to mainly prioritize the implementation of radiation protection to protect their workers and society surrounding the installation. High density concrete, composed of barite stone, iron sand and the additive substance of viscocrete-10, and made by preplaced method, is investigated in this research as shield material. The source of radiation used are the following gamma-ray: 152Eu with the selected energy of 121,7824 keV, 131I with the energy of 364,5 keV and 137Cs with the energy of 661,6 keV. The quality examination of concrete with barite and iron sand comes up with the following results: a compression strength of 15,38 MPa and the specific gravity of 3,121 gr/cm3. The attenuation coefficient (3) yielded the equation of y = 0,6053e-0,0008x that applies only for the energy radiation 121,7824 keV up to 661,6 keV. If this attenuation coefficient is compared to normal density concrete with specific gravity of 2,35 gr/cm3, the attenuation coefficient of high density concrete is higher, so that the radiation of shield thickness will be more efficient. Keywords: Attenuation Coefficient, Preplace Method, Shield Radiation, Viscocrete-10

PENGGUNAAN PASIR BESI DARI KULON PROGO DENGAN BERAT JENIS 4,311 UNTUK MORTAR PERISAI RADIASI SINAR GAMMA

The radiation effects of radiology and x-rays equipments do not only give excellent benefit for human, but also harmful effect at the same time. Protecting people form the radiation is an important aspect to control such harmful effect. Hence every nuclear installation and radiology unit must pay attention on protecting surrounding people from the radiation. Lead is commonly used as component of shield, but the use of lead requires special work and energy. In economical aspects, the cost of such effort is relatively expensive, but in workability aspects, the application of iron sand mortar can be used as alternative material to protect from radiation. This study assessed gamma radiation absorption on mortar cube sample with dimension of 15 x 15 cm and thickness variation of 1 cm to 15 cm. Mortar ingredient consisted of iron sand, cements and water, with cements - iron sand volume ratio of 1 : 6. Water cement ratio was determined at 0,4 and the gamma radiant energy applied were Iodine-131 (131I) denergi 284,00 keVs, 364,00 keVs, 637,00 keVs and Caesium-137 (137Cs) dissociation energy of diatomic 662,00 keV. Physical test gradation conducted to iron sand from Congot beach Kulonprogo regency of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, showed specific gravity of 4,331 with, Ssd specific gravity of 4,330, unit weight of 2,554 gr/cm³, water absorbency 0,442%, and grain finest modulus of 1,33, which was categorized as zone IV (smooth gradation). Compressive strength and specific gravity of Iron sand mortar at 28 days reached 7,92 MPa and 2,59 respectively. Especially, specific gravity was heavier than ordinary cements mortar with average value ranged from 1,80 - 2,20. Coefficient linear magnitude attenuation (μ) of iron sand mortar at radiation energy 284 keVs, 364 keVs, 637 keVs and 662 keVs were 0,2816 cm-1, 0,2253 cm-1, 0,1297 cm-1 and 0,1003 cm-1 respectively. Based on these relation, the line equation obtained was y = 0,5631e(-0025X)

Aplikasi Teknologi Isotop Alam untuk Analisis Pola Aliran Airtanah sebagai Studi Awal Pencemaran Airtanah yang Disebabkan Tempat Pemakaman Umum Kauman Kecamatan Demak

Aplikasi isotop alam yang meliputi pemanfaatan deuterium (2H), oksigen-18 (18O) dan tritium (3H) banyak digunakan dalam penelitian hidrologi. Salah satu pemanfaatannya dalam bidang hidrologi adalah penentuan genesis dan pola aliran airtanah. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan isotop alam untuk menentukan pola aliran airtanah menuju Desa Kadilangu dan mengetahui pengaruh pencemaran oleh Tempat Pemakaman Umum Kauman (TPU Kauman) terhadap kualitas airtanah di Desa Kadilangu. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis deuterium (2H) dan oksigen-18 (18O) untuk menentukan genesis airtanah. Analisis indikator pencemaran dilakukan di dua titik yaitu, titik sebelum dan sesudah aliran airtanah melewati TPU Kauman. Indikator pencemaran yang digunakan adalah CaCO3, SO4-2 dan PO4-P. Hasil analisis menunjukan airtanah mengalir dari daerah resapan sekitar sumur Desa Mangunjiwan menuju sumur Desa Kadilangu mempunyai kesamaan genesis. Terjadi peningkatan kadar pencemar di sumur Desa Kadilangu dari aliran airtanah sumur Desa Mangunjiwan yang melewati TPU Kauman, tetapi hanya kadar CaCO3 yang melewati nilai batas ambang air minum yang ditetapkan pemerintah berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan nomor 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 yaitu 840 mg/L

Aplikasi Isotop Alam untuk Pendugaan Daerah Resapan Air Bagi Mataair Di Kecamatan Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat

Mataair sebagai sumber airtanah di Kecamatan Cijeruk dimanfaatkan oleh warga sekitar maupun perusahaan air. Pemanfaatan air yang berlebihan menyebabkan terjadinya kekeringan air selama musim kemarau. Perlu adanya konservasi pada daerah resapan air bagi mataair di Kecamatan Cijeruk untuk menjaga ketersediaan air di mataair agar mencukupi permintaan air. Penentuan titik lokasi daerah resapan dan analisis kimia airtanah perlu dilakukan untuk memberi informasi yang diperlukan dalam pelaksanaan konservasi pada daerah resapan mataair. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menentukan asal usul dan genesis airtanah, (2) menentukan daerah resapan air bagi mataair, (3) mengetahui fasies airtanah, dan (4) mengetahui kualitas airtanah.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Kecamatan Cijeruk, dengan mengambil sampel airtanah yang berasal dari 10 lokasi sumber mataair yang digunakan oleh perusahaan air dan warga pada bulan Mei 2015. Rasio isotop D dan  pada sampel air diukur dengan liquid water stable isotope analyzer LGR DLT-100 untuk menentukan genesis airtanah dan daerah resapan mataair. Analisis hidrokimia untuk mengetahui fasies dan kualitas airtanah. Parameter kimia yang digunakan adalah pH, Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL), Total dissolved Solid (TDS), dan ion mayor.Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (a) mataair berasal dari beberapa sumber yaitu air hujan dan airtanah, (b) daerah resapan CJR01, CJR02, CJR03, dan CJR04 berada pada elevasi 1988 – 2055 m.dpl, (c) daerah resapan CJR06 dan CJR09 pada elevasi 1379 – 1430 m.dpl, (d) daerah resapan mataair CJR07 dan CJR08 pada elevasi 811 – 836 m.dpl, (e) daerah resapan CJR05, dan CJR10 masing – masing berada pada elevasi 1475 mdpl, dan 1932 m.dpl, (f) fasies airtanah tergolong dalam fasies Mg-HCO3 (magnesium bikarbonat), dan (g) kualitas airtanah merupakan air tawar segar (fresh water).Kata kunci: deuterium, oksigen-18, resapan air, fasies, kualitas, airtanah.

Studi Variabilitas Isotop Airhujan Sebagai Fungsi Elevasi untuk Mendapatkan Merapi Meteoric Water Line MMWL

Theoretically environmental isotopic compositions ofprecipitation decrease with increasing altitude. Linear regression analysis was applied to environmental isotopic compositions (δ18O, δ2H) data on 15 precipitation samples collected along an altitudinal 126 to 1260 m.asl from November 2011 to February 2012 to determine the local meteoric water line for southern slope of mount Merapi. Merapi meteoric water line (MMWL) is an equation that describes the relationship between isotopic compositions of precipitation with altitude. This study was completed as part of a larger research of the groundwater dynamics studies using natural isotopes for southern slope of mount Merapi.Isotopic compositions of precipitation samples were measured using Liquid-Water Stable Isotope Analyzer LGR DLT-100 at the Center for the Application of Isotopes & Radiation Technology Laboratory, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Jakarta. Regression results for the precipitation samples for southern slope of mount Merapi yielded a MMWL defined by the equation δ2H=8.332 δ18O+15.068(r2 =0,998); the change of isotopic compositions in precipitation with altitude of about -1.2%d100m for deuterium and -0. 1 %dl 00m for oxygen-18.This equation will be useful as reference for hydrological dynamics studies on the southern slope of mount Merapi that use isotopes of 2H and 18O to trace sources of ground-water recharge, to evaluate mixing of sea-water and groundwater, to analyze groundwater-mineral exchange, and to analyze many other groundwater contamination problems.Keywords: precipitation, isotope ratio, isotopic composition, m.asl, MML