Changes in the characteristics of after logging streamflow hydrograph of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell stands

The wide scale development of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell plantation in Riau Province applying the clear cutting silvicultural system on fast-growing tree species allegedly have an impact on the changing of watershed hydrological functions. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the characteristics of after logging stream flow hydrograph of E. pellita forest stand. The research was carried out in E. pellita plantations in Perawang, Riau Province using 4.62 ha of micro-catchment as an observation unit. The method used is the analysis of hydrograph units on chosen data of flood hydrograph. The research concludes that clear-cutting system has led to increasing the peak flow discharge from an average of 0.226 m3.s-1 to be 0.322 m3.s-1, shortening the time base of hydrograph from an average of 143 minutes to be 90 minutes, shortening the time to peak flow from an average of 80 minutes to be 40 minutes, as well as declining the base flow from an average of 0.0056 m3.s-1 to be 0.0032 m3.s-1

Studi Intersepsi Hujan pada Hutan Tanaman Eucalyptus Pellita di Riau

The aim of this study is to know the magnitude of rainfall interception loss in E. pellita plantation forest, at PerawangRiau. In order to obtain the magnitude of interception loss, stemfl ow and throughfall were measured on E. pellita plants at ages of 2 to 6 years with replication of 3 times, respectively. The results showed that the magnitudes of interception loss, throughfall and stemfl ow were 13.3-18.7 %; 7.7-83.1 % and 3.6-4.1 % from rainfall, respectively. The canopy storage capacity was calculated at 0.8 mm. The relationships of rainfall against both throughfall and stemfl ow showed strong correlations with r2 values of 0.99 and 0.79, respectively; while rainfall against interception has moderate correlation with r2 value of 0.58.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya kehilangan air melalui intersepsi di hutan tanaman E. pellita, di Perawang-Riau. Untuk menghitung besarnya nilai intersepsi, dilakukan pengukuran aliran batang (stemfl ow) dan lolosan tajuk (throughfall) pada umur tanaman 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 tahun, masing-masing 3 ulangan pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besaran kisaran nilai intersepsi, throughfall dan stemfl ow masing-masing 13,3-18,7 %; 7,7-83,1 % dan 3,6-4,1 % dari curah hujan. Kapasitas tampungan tajuk (canopy storage capacity) tanaman E. pellita rata-rata sebesar 0,8 mm. Hubungan curah hujan dengan throughfall dan stemfl ow menunjukkan korelasi yang kuat (r2 rata-rata 0,99 dan 0,79), sedangkan dengan intersepsi korelasinya kurang kuat (r2 rata-rata 0,58)

KESEIMBANGAN AIR DAN HARA DI HUTAN TANAMAN EUCALYPTUS PELLITA F.Muell MELALUI PENDEKATAN MODEL DINAMIK

Forest plantation development in Indonesia still has many obstacles, one of which related to issue stating that forest land degradation and environmental problems affected drought and decreasing soil fertility. The environmental issues associated with the use of short rotation plants (fast growing species) are allegedly going to drain the nutrients and water for their rapid growth. Information related to these environmental issues is rare. It is mainly caused by the focus is still on the wood productivity. The aim of the research was to determine the characteristics of water and nutrients in the E. pellita F.Muell plantation forest. Its objectives were: 1) to study the behavior of the hydrologic cycle in E. pellita forest ecosyste

A Review on Sustainability of Watershed Management in Indonesia

This paper provides an overview of the implementation and obstacles of watershed management, and the alternative solutions based on a synoptic review of related studies and experiences across Indonesia. The review found that problems in the institutional aspect were hierarchical confusion, discrepancy, and asynchrony among regulations, and weak (participation, synchronization, and coordination) among watershed management stakeholders. The weaknesses in the planning stage are integration among sectors, a lack of community participation, and limited readiness to integrate watershed planning into regional planning. Stakeholders’ involvement is also a critical factor in successful implementation of degraded watershed rehabilitation, including in peatland and mangrove areas. Failure should be minimized by providing adequate information on degraded watershed characteristics, appropriate species choices, and effective mechanical construction for soil and water conservation. Community participation as the main factor in driving watershed management should be achieved by strengthening public awareness of the importance of a sustainable watershed and providing access for the community to be involved in each stage of watershed management. Another problem is data gaps which are essential to address from the planning to evaluation stages. The gaps can be bridged by using remotely sensed data and by applying hydrological-based simulation models. Simplified criteria for watershed assessment may also be required, depending on site-specific issues and the watershed scale

Incorporating Traditional Knowledge into Science-Based Sociotechnical Measures in Upper Watershed Management: Theoretical Framework, Existing Practices and the Way Forward

In Indonesia, 2145 watersheds currently need to be restored, where around 21 million people spread over ± 23,000 villages live below the poverty line with a high dependence on forests. This condition requires an integrated approach in watershed management, which is aimed at technically restoring environmental conditions and ensuring the welfare of the people in it. One of the strategic approaches that can be taken is to revive local wisdom and traditional knowledge (TK), which has been eroded and neglected, and integrate them with technical approaches based on modern science and knowledge. Based on the author’s research and literature studies, this paper discusses the theoretical framework and implementation practices in integrating traditional knowledge into a science-based sociotechnical system to manage upstream watersheds sustainably. Based on the empirical evidence, efforts to create good biophysical and socio-economic watershed conditions can only be achieved through the active participation of farmers in adopting and integrating scientific technology into their traditional knowledge. This integration is realized in designing and implementing watershed management technology by considering the principles of suitability, applicability, feasibility, and acceptability. In the long term, it is necessary to document TK, patent it, and transfer it to the next generation to ensure that indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ social, cultural, and economic interests are protected

Forty Years of Soil and Water Conservation Policy, Implementation, Research and Development in Indonesia: A Review

Dominated by mountainous topography, high rainfall, and erosion-sensitive soil types, and with the majority of its population living in rural areas as farmers, most of Indonesia’s watersheds are highly vulnerable to erosion. In 1984, the Government of Indonesia established 22 priority watersheds to be handled, which marked the start of formal soil and water conservation activities. Although it has not fully succeeded in improving watershed conditions from all aspects, something which is indicated by fluctuations in the area of degraded land, over the past 40 years the Indonesian government has systematically implemented various soil and water conservation techniques in various areas with the support of policies, laws and regulations, and research and development. These systematic efforts have shown positive results, with a 40% reduction in the area of degraded land over the last 15 years from 2004–2018. This paper reviews policy, implementation, and research and development of soil and water conservation activities in Indonesia over the last 40 years from the 1980s to 2020 and explores the dynamics of the activities

Toward Water, Energy, and Food Security in Rural Indonesia: A Review

Indonesia is an archipelago with significant variations in natural resources, infrastructure, socioeconomic, culture, human resource capacity, accessibility, and access to financial and technical assistance. In this situation, integrated and unique efforts are needed to manage natural resources and build synergy between their protection and utilization to achieve water, energy, and food (WEF) security in accordance with the SDG targets. This paper analyzes the implementations of the WEF nexus in rural Indonesia by examining existing legal frameworks and other related policies, journals, textbooks, and publications. We explore factors influencing the success and failure of the implementation of the WEF nexus approaches from technical, socioeconomic, cultural, political, and institutional perspectives of the rural development framework

Improvement of Integrated Watershed Management in Indonesia for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review

Climate change is a major challenge for Indonesia due to its impact on food, water, energy sustainability, and environmental health. Almost all Indonesian regions are exposed to floods, landslides, soil erosion, drought, and heavy rains. In response to these challenges, the Government of Indonesia has determined integrated watershed management (IWM) to be one of the key programs to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as stated in the updated Indonesian nationally determined contribution (NDC). This paper intends to review Indonesia′s efforts in mitigating and adapting to climate change through an IWM approach, and its attempts to realize a decent life and environment for all communities. Improvement of the IWM can be conducted by strengthening the synergy between the responsible institutions for watershed management and the responsible institutions for handling mitigation and adaptation of climate change impacts. In addition, it is important to prioritize coordination, participation, and collaboration not only at the national government level but also at the international level, since numerous problems may exist in the transboundary between countries, and finding solutions should involve planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Implementing the micro watershed model (MWM), supported by culture, local wisdom, and traditional knowledge in communities, can be used to improve the current IWM