Reducción de aerosoles en la atención odontopediátrica mediante Técnica de Hall: Revisión sistemática

Objective: To determine the effectiveness and survival of primary teeth treated with metal crowns installed using the Hall technique (HT).  Materials and methods: A bibliographic search was carried out using the DeCS terms: "Dental Caries, Hall technique, Crown and Child" in the PubMed / MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Articles published in the last 5 years were included, with no language restriction, with study subjects between 0-13 years of age, without underlying pathologies or malocclusions.  Results: 111 articles were obtained, of which 48 corresponded to duplicates, 1 had no access to the full text, and 50 articles did not refer to the variables considered in the study. Finally, 12 studies were selected, of which 6 corresponded to clinical trials, 4 were cohort studies. Among these, 2 were retrospective and 2 prospective, 1 was a systematic review, and 1 monograph. Deep carious lesions treated with preformed metal crowns using HT had a higher survival rate and success than conventional techniques.  Conclusion: The Hall technique appears to be a minimally invasive, effective, and long-lasting caries management option, besides being a more economical procedure and well received by patients.  Objetivo: determinar la efectividad y supervivencia de dientes primarios tratados con coronas metálicas instaladas mediante Tecnica de Hall (TH).Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica con términos DeCS: “Dental Caries, Hall technique, Crown and Child” en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE y Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos con antigüedad no superior a 5 años, sin restricción de idioma, con sujetos de estudio entre 0-13 años, sin patologías de base ni maloclusiones. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 111 artículos, de los cuales 48 correspondían a duplicados, 1 sin acceso al texto completo, 50 artículos no referían las variables consideradas en el estudio. Finalmente 12 estudios fueron seleccionados, de los cuales 6 correspondieron a ensayos clínicos4-9, 4 estudios de cohorte2,3,10,11 entre estos 2 eran retrospectivos y 2 prospectivos, 1 revisión sistemática12 y 1 monografía13. Principalmente las lesiones cariosas profundas selladas con coronas metálicas preformadas utilizando TH presentaron mayor tasa de éxito y supervivencia que las técnicas convencionales. Conclusión: La técnica de Hall parece ser una opción de manejo de caries mínimamente invasiva, efectiva y duradera, además de ser un procedimiento más económico y con buena recepción por parte de los pacientes

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presentedThis work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. It has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inovación y Universidades of Spain under projects ENE2013-48109-P, ENE2015-70142-P and FIS2017-88892-P. It has also received funds from the Spanish Government via mobility grant PRX17/00425. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona S.C. It has been supported as well by The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU), Project P-507F

Contrasting performances of generalist and specialist Myzus persicae (Hemiptera : Aphididae) reveal differential prevalence of maternal effects after host transfer

Publicación ISITransgenerational maternal effects on performance (r(m)) after host transfer were evaluated in the generalist aphid Myzus persicae s.s., and in its subspecies specialized on tobacco, M. persicae nicotianae Blackman. We tested whether the performance of these taxa, when reared separately on optimal and suboptimal hosts (as sources of different maternal background) and then transferred to optimal hosts, experienced variations along four successive generations. Additionally, to compare the tolerance of both taxa to stress following host transfers, developmental instability (fluctuating asymmetry and body abnormalities) along the four generations was assessed. Taxon, rearing host, and generation affected the performance after host transfer. In the generalist, there was a significant improvement of rm along generations when transferred from suboptimal to optimal host and a significant decrease when transferred from optimal to optimal host; in the specialist, no increase or decrease occurred in any host transfer treatment. Transfer from suboptimal to optimal hosts caused higher losses of remaining replicates along generations than transfers from optimal to optimal hosts, and the specialist showed higher losses than the generalist. The only significant effect detected in comparisons involving fluctuating asymmetry values was that of taxon on length of siphunculi. Frequency of body abnormalities was not affected by treatments. Collectively, these results show a transgenerational weakening of maternal effects in the generalist but not in the specialist aphid, and suggest that rearing the latter in a suboptimal host causes not easily reversible changes that further give rise to constraints in performance

Chemical basis of nestmate recognition in a defense context in a one-piece nesting termite

Nestmate recognition is a necessary capacity for the occurrence of discrimination between nestmate and non-nestmate individuals. In one-piece nesting termites, which nest and forage in a single piece of wood, nestmate recognition is poorly studied mainly because the probability of encountering exogenous individuals is low in comparison with separate-piece nesting termites. Previous work described that production of soldiers of Neotermes chilensis, a one-piece nesting termite, increased when the risk of invasion of their colony increased, for example when neighboring colonies were present in the same nesting substrate and members of different colonies met when digging galleries. If soldiers are to fulfill their defensive role under these circumstances, they should show nestmate recognition ability; moreover, based on work on other social insects, such nestmate recognition should be based on cuticular compounds (CC). Bioassays were performed in which a soldier of N. chilensis was confronted with a nestmate or non-nestmate primary reproductive, pseudergate or another soldier, and in which a soldier was confronted with untreated and with CC-deprived dead primary reproductives. The results showed that soldiers were indeed more aggressive toward non-nestmates than nestmates for all castes, and that this discrimination was mediated mainly by qualitative (simple matching coefficient) and quantitative (Renkonen index) differences in CC

X-ray computed tomography reveals that intraspecific competition promotes soldier differentiation in a one-piece nesting termite

© 2017 The Netherlands Entomological Society Investment in soldier production in eusocial lineages involves a trade-off between maintenance costs and defense benefits. Termites are eusocial insects that live in colonies organized into three castes: primary reproductives, soldiers, and workers or pseudergates. Neotermes chilensis (Blanchard) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) is a one-piece nesting termite that nests and forages in a single piece of wood. Two scenarios may be of importance in a defense context of one-piece nesting termites: during swarms, when colonies may be invaded by winged termites (alates) in search of a place to found a new colony, and when colonies of conspecifics are present within the same substrate. It was hypothesized that the ratio of soldiers to non-soldiers would be higher at the onset of the swarming period and in substrates bearing more than one termite colony. A method based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) was developed to study gallery connectivity in colon

Kin recognition in a subsocial treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae)

© 2018 The Royal Entomological Society 1. Insects exhibiting parental care usually can discriminate between kin and non-kin individuals, allowing parents to avoid investment in foreign offspring. 2. This study investigated the occurrence of kin recognition in the sap-feeding insect Alchisme grossa Fairmaire (Membracidae) through bioassays assessing median female distance to nymphs and degree of nymphal aggregation. Each bioassay involved groups consisting of a female and a cohort of kin or non-kin nymphs (mother and non-mother treatments, respectively). Furthermore, cuticular non-volatile compounds were extracted from nymphal cohorts, analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared between cohorts. 3. In both treatments, nymphs performed a ‘rocking behaviour’ which appears to be correlated with aggregation. Temporal patterns of degree of nymphal aggregation and median female–nymph distance differed between treatments, the former parameter being higher in the mother treat