EFECTO DE DIFERENTES TERAPIAS FÍSICAS EN LA SALUD DE PERSONAS MAYORES

El proceso de envejecimiento va asociado a efectos que merman la salud de los mayores como la sarcopenia, fragilidad, trastornos del sueño, deterioro funcional y psicológico, pudiendo retrasarse mediante la actividad física. El objetivo de la presente Tesis ha sido analizar el efecto de diferentes terapias físicas en variables de funcionamiento físico y mental en mayores de 65 años. En los resultados se obtiene que la práctica de actividad física en mayores de 65 años con asiduidad, aunque se reduce de 2009-2014, mejora la competencia motriz, funcional, dolor, fuerza, movilidad y equilibrio, además de prevenir y mejorar trastornos cognitivos, depresivos, anímicos, sueño y calidad de vida. En conclusión, se manifiesta las mejoras de la actividad física en el funcionamiento físico para el desarrollo de las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria y funcionamiento mental tan importante en la autopercepción y correcto funcionamiento de la persona mayor en general.The aging process is associated with the effects that impair the health of elderly people such as sarcopenia, fragility, sleeping disorders, functional and psychological deterioration, and it can be delayed through physical activity. The aim of this thesis has been to analyze the effect of different physical therapies on variables of physical and mental functioning in people over 65 years. The results show that the practice of physical activity in those over 65 years of age, even though it is reduced from 2009-2014, improves motor competence, functional competence, pain, strength, mobility and balance, as well as preventing and improving cognitive disorders, depressives, mood disorders, sleep and quality of life. In conclusion, the best of physical activity is shown in physical functioning for the development of basic and instrumental activities of daily life and mental functioning so important in self-perception and correct functioning of the elderly person in general.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. Leída el 14 de junio de 201

Los ayuntamientos y la promoción de la accesibilidad arquitetónica

Background: Architectural barriers have a significant impact on the daily activities of people with reduced mobility. Objectives: To understand the weaknesses and/or opportunities in the responses of local authorities to eliminate the architectural barriers for people with reduced mobility in their social and residential context. Methodology: A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted with a sample of 21 parish council presidents from two municipalities using an accidental non-probabilistic sampling method. Results: In this sample, 76.2% of parish council presidents do not know how many people with disabilities live in their parish. The elimination of architectural barriers focused on accessible sidewalks and pedestrian routes (80%), pedestrian crossings (75%), access to public parks and gardens (70%), and access to cemeteries and markets (70%). Other equipment, even educational ones, represent less than 50%. Conclusion: Some public spaces still have architectural barriers. There is little cooperation between health professionals and society to promote accessibility.Enquadramento: As barreiras arquitetónicas assumem um peso importante na prossecução das atividades de vida diária para pessoas com mobilidade condicionada. Objetivos: Compreender as fragilidades e/ou potencialidades das respostas das autarquias locais para abolir barreiras arquitetónicas para pessoas com mobilidade condicionada quando inseridas no seu contexto social e habitacional. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com uma amostra de 21 presidentes de junta de dois municípios, a partir de uma amostragem não probabilística acidental. Resultados: Da amostra, 76,2% presidentes de junta não sabem quantas pessoas com deficiência vivem na sua freguesia. A eliminação de barreiras arquitetónicas incidiu sobre passeios e percursos pedonais acessíveis (80%), passadeiras (75%), acesso a parques e jardins públicos (70%) e a cemitérios e mercado (70%). Os restantes equipamentos, mesmo os educacionais, têm representações abaixo de 50%. Conclusão: Subsistem espaços de uso público com barreiras arquitetónicas. Existe pouca articulação entre profissionais de saúde e a sociedade para a promoção da acessibilidade.Marco contextual: Las barreras arquitectónicas asumen un peso importante en la realización de las actividades de la vida diaria de las personas con movilidad reducida. Objetivos: Comprender las fragilidades y/o potencialidades de las respuestas de los ayuntamientos locales para abolir barreras arquitectónicas para personas con movilidad condicionada cuando se encuentran en su contexto social y habitacional. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con una muestra de 21 presidentes de junta de dos municipios, a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico accidental. Resultados: De la muestra, el 76,2% de los presidentes de junta no sabe cuántas personas con discapacidad viven en su barrio. La eliminación de barreras arquitectónicas incidió sobre paseos y zonas peatonales accesibles (80%), pasos de peatones (75%), acceso a parques y jardines públicos (70%) y a cementerios y mercados (70%). Los restantes equipamientos, incluso los educacionales, tienen representaciones por debajo del 50%. Conclusión: Subsisten espacios de uso público con barreras arquitectónicas. Hay poca articulación entre los profesionales de la salud y la sociedad para promover la accesibilidad.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reply to Comment on Cobo-Cuenca, A.I.; Laredo-Aguilera, J.A.; Rodríguez-Borrego, M.-A.; Santacruz-Salas, E.; Carmona-Torres, J.M. Temporal Trends in Fecal Occult Blood Test: Associated Factors (2009–2017). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2120

In this study [...

Temporal Trends in Fecal Occult Blood Test: Associated Factors (2009–2017)

A cross-sectional study with 27,821 records of non-institutionalized people in Spain aged between 50–69 years old (59.94 ± 5.8 years), who participated in the European Health Survey in Spain (2009, 2014) and National Health Survey (2011/12, 2017). Fecal occult testing, the reason for performing the test, age, sex, nationality, social status, marital status, education level, body mass index (BMI), and place of residence. Overall, 54% were women, 93.9% were Spanish, 47.8% had a secondary study, and 66.4% were married. Across the years, the rate of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) increased significantly (p < 0.001). This increase can be accounted for a letter campaign advising testing (45%, p < 0.001). FOBT was associated with more age (odds ratio—OR 1.04, 95% confidence interval—CI 1.04–1.05, p < 0.001), Spanish nationality (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.25–2.93, p = 0.003), being married (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25, p = 0.025), having a higher level of education (OR 2.46, 95% CI 2.17–2.81, p < 0.001), belonging to high social classes (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12–1.64, p = 0.001), and BMI <25 (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.25–2.37). Frequency of FOBT has increased in recent years. Performing FOBT is associated with age, nationality, marital status, higher education level, and social class

Construcción y validación de un programa de enfermería de rehabilitación para ancianos frágiles

Objective: To build a rehabilitation nursing program to be implemented in the homes of frail elderly people and validate it by rehabilitation nurses. Methods: This is a qualitative, exploratory study, divided into two stages. The first corresponded to an integrative literature review that supported the construction of the program. The second consisted of the program content validity stage, through a focus group, in May 2021. Results: Nine experts participated in the construction and content validation of the rehabilitation nursing program for frail elderly. Two focus groups were carried out, and the final version of the program included training in life activities and particularly self-care, strength, balance, coordination and joint mobility. Final considerations: The program reached content validity, with a minimum set of characteristics that it must integrate, now requiring application in Primary Health Care for clinical validationObjetivo: Construir um programa de enfermagem de reabilitação para ser implementado no domicílio dos idosos fragilizados e validá-lo por enfermeiros de reabilitação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório, dividido em duas etapas. A primeira correspondeu a uma revisão integrativa da literatura que sustentou a construção do programa. A segunda consistiu na etapa de validade de conteúdo do programa, por meio de grupo focal, em maio de 2021. Resultados: Nove peritos participaram da construção e validação do conteúdo do programa de enfermagem de reabilitação para idosos fragilizados. Foram realizados dois grupos focais, e a versão final do programa integrou treino de atividades de vida e particularmente autocuidado, força, equilíbrio, coordenação e mobilidade articular. Considerações finais: O programa alcançou a validade de conteúdo, com um conjunto mínimo de características que deve integrar, necessitando agora de aplicação na Atenção Primária à Saúde para validação clínica.Objetivo: Construir un programa de enfermería de rehabilitación para ser implementado en el domicilio de los ancianos frágiles y validarlo por enfermeros de rehabilitación. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, dividido en dos etapas. La primera correspondió a una revisión integrativa de la literatura que sustentó la construcción del programa. La segunda consistió en la etapa de validez de contenido del programa, por medio de grupo focal, en mayo de 2021. Resultados: Nueve peritos participaron de la construcción y validez del contenido del programa de enfermería de rehabilitación para ancianos frágiles. Fueron realizados dos grupos focales, y la versión final del programa integró entrenamiento de actividades de vida y particularmente autocuidado, fuerza, equilibrio, coordinación y movilidad articular. Consideraciones finales: El programa alcanzó la validez de contenido, con un conjunto mínimo de características que debe integrar, necesitando ahora de aplicación en la Atención Primaria de Salud para validación clínica.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Factores relacionados con la fragilidad multidimensional en personas mayores

Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and health factors related to multidimensional frailty in elderly people living at home. Method: descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study, which evaluated 300 elderly enrolled in a Health Unit in the Northern Region of Portugal. The sociodemographic and health conditions of the old people were analyzed, with application of the Tilburg Frailty Index, Falls Efficacy Scale International – 7 items, Barthel Index and Lawton and Brody Scale. Results: in the elderly in the study, with a mean age of 81.34±6.75 years, frailty was identified in 60.33%. The related factors were: gender, marital status, self-perceived health, pathological history, severe disease in the last year, polymedication, falls, fear of falling and higher level of dependence. Conclusion: multidimensional frailty of the elderly living at home is a prevalent condition. When predictor factors in primary health care are analyzed early, it is possible to intervene in order to delay this syndrome.Objetivo: analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde relacionados com a fragilidade multidimensional em idosos que vivem no domicílio. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, que avaliou 300 idosos inscritos numa Unidade de Saúde da Região Norte de Portugal. Foram analisadas as condições sociodemográficas e de saúde das pessoas idosas, com aplicação do Índice de Fragilidade de Tilburg, Falls Efficacy Scale International – 7 itens, Índice de Barthel e Escala Lawton & Brody. Resultados: nos idosos do estudo, com idade média de 81,34±6,75 anos, a fragilidade foi identificada em 60,33%. Os fatores relacionados foram: género, estado civil, autopercepção de saúde, antecedentes patológicos, doença grave no último ano, polimedicação, quedas, medo de cair e maior nível de dependência. Conclusão: a fragilidade multidimensional dos idosos que vivem no domicílio é uma condição prevalente. Quando analisados precocemente os fatores preditores na atenção primária à saúde, é possível intervir de forma a retardar essa síndrome.Objetivo: analizar los factores sociodemográficos y de salud relacionados con la fragilidad multidimensional en personas mayores que viven en el hogar. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal, que evaluó a 300 ancianos matriculados en una Unidad de Salud de la Región Norte de Portugal. Se analizaron las condiciones sociodemográficas y de salud de los ancianos, con aplicación del Tilburg Frailty Index, Falls Efficacy Scale International – 7 items, Barthel Index y Lawton and Brody Scale. Resultados: en los ancianos del estudio, con una edad media de 81,34±6,75 años, se identificó fragilidad en el 60,33%. Los factores relacionados fueron: género, estado civil, salud autopercibida, antecedentes patológicos, enfermedad grave en el último año, polimedicación, caídas, miedo a caerse y mayor nivel de dependencia. Conclusión: la fragilidad multidimensional de los ancianos que viven en el hogar es una condición prevalente. Cuando los factores predictores en la atención primaria de salud se analizan temprano, es posible intervenir para retrasar este síndrome.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy in the older people: 2006-2014

To analyse the prevalence, risk factors and evolution over time of polypharmacy and self-medication in the older people in Spain from 2006-2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of the Active Aging-in-Place–Rehabilitation Nursing Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: (1) Background: It is of great importance to promote functional capacity and positive lifestyles, since they contribute to preventing the progression of frailty among the older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active aging-in-place–rehabilitation nursing program (AAP-RNP) on the functional capacity and lifestyles of frail older adults. (2) Methods: This was a single-blinded, two-group, randomized, controlled trial of 30 frail older people enrolled at a Health-care unit in Portugal between 2021 and 2022. The duration of the program was 12 weeks, and the sessions took place at the participants’ homes. We used as instruments the Tilburg Frailty Indicator; Fried frailty phenotype; Senior Fitness Test battery; Barthel Index; Lawton Index; handgrip strength measurement; Tinetti Index; Individual lifestyle profile; and Borg’s perception of effort. (3) Results: Post-program, there was an improvement in multidimensional and physical frailty, functional capacity, balance, and perceived exertion (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. Among the older adults’ lifestyles, we observed significant improvements in physical activity habits, relational behavior, and stress management. (4) Conclusions: Rehabilitation nurses have a relevant role, and the AAP-RNP seems to be effective in improving functional capacity and lifestyles in frail older adults.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adaptation and Validation of the Individual Lifestyle Profile Scale of Portuguese Older Adults Living at Home

Abstract: (1) Background: Unadjusted lifestyles have been the main cause of risk for the loss of years of healthy life. However, currently valid and reliable instruments to assess the lifestyles of the elderly are quite long and difficult to interpret. For this reason, the objective of this study was to adapt and validate the ‘Individual Lifestyle Profile’ (ILP) scale in a sample of elderly people; (2) Methods: A methodological study was carried out and a sample of 300 older adults enrolled in a Health Unit located in the North of Portugal was used, who responded to the scale. We examined internal consistency, predictive validity, and discriminative ability; (3) Results: After the Exploratory Factorial analysis, a solution was found with four factors that explain a variance of 67.8%. The designation of the factors was changed from the original scale, with the exception of one dimension, and they were called Health Self-management, Social Participation and Group Interaction, Citizenship and Physical Activity. The total internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.858, ranging from 0.666 to 0.860 in the mentioned factors; (4) Conclusions: The ILP scale proved to be easy to apply and presented a good reliability and validity index, based on internal consistency, AFE and AFC. The scale allows evaluating the lifestyle of older adults, and its use will be aimed at modifying behaviors associated with negative lifestyles of older adults and their individual needs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Levels of Physical Activity, Obesity and Related Factors in Young Adults Aged 18–30 During 2009–2017

The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of physical activity and body mass index in young adults aged 18–30 in Spain and to ascertain their relationship with sociodemographic and psychosocial variables in the period of 2009–2017. Methods: A descriptive study with a sample of 10,061 young adults aged 18–30 years was performed. The data were obtained from the European Health Survey in Spain in 2009 and 2014 and the National Health Survey in 2011/2012 and 2017. The chi-square test was used for qualitative variables, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed for physical activity. Results: Sedentary levels had decreased in 2017 as compared to 2011/2012 (p < 0.001); smokers were more sedentary than non-smokers (p < 0.001); men were more active than women (p < 0.001); and the year with the highest physical activity was 2014. Body mass index in the total sample increased from 2009 to 2017 (p < 0.01), showing a significant increase in obesity in women (p < 0.05) and no difference in men (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: In the period 2011/2012–2017, the sedentary lifestyle of young adults was reduced and physical activity was increased, with men being more active than women