Total particulate trace element concentrations from bulk aerosol samples collected during the US GEOTRACES EPZT section cruise (R/V Thomas G. Thompson TN303) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific from October to December 2013

Dataset: Total Particulate AerosolsAtmospheric input is important to the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in the ocean. This dataset provides total particulate trace metal values from bulk aerosols over the Equatorial Pacific along the US GEOTRACES EPTZ transect (TN303) from Peru to Tahiti. This region is characterized as one of the lowest atmospheric deposition regimes in the ocean. Bulk aerosols were collected from the boundary layer (~15 m above sea level) using a high-volume aerosol sampler drawing approximately 1.2 cubic meters of air per minute over Whatman 41 ash-less filter discs. Despite low aerosol loadings, triplicate agreement for most samples was good for Al, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, and Cu. Away from the coast, Cd and Pb values in most samples were close to, or below detection limit. Total digestions were carried out with a combination of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, heat and pressure. Total particulate trace metal concentrations were determined at the University of Alaska Fairbanks by inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (Thermo Element-2) using external calibration curves. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/675632NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1234417, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145436

Acetic acid leachable trace metals from bulk aerosol samples collected during the US GEOTRACES EPZT section cruise (R/V Thomas G. Thompson TN303) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific from October to December 2013

Dataset: Acetic Acid Leachable Trace Metals from AerosolsAtmospheric input is important to the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in the ocean. The fraction of aerosol trace metals that can potentially dissolve after deposition is of interest for improving knowledge of aerosol/surface ocean interactions. This dataset provides acetic acid leachable trace metal values from bulk aerosol from the Equatorial Pacific along the US GEOTRACES EPTZ transect (TN303) from Peru to Tahiti. This region is characterized as one of the lowest atmospheric deposition regimes in the ocean. Bulk aerosols were collected from the boundary layer (~15 m above sea level) using a high-volume aerosol sampler drawing approximately 1.2 cubic meters of air per minute over Whatman 41 ash-less filter discs. Despite low aerosol loadings, triplicate agreement for most samples was good for Al, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, and Cu. Away from the coast, Cd and Pb values in most samples were close to, or below detection limit. Acetic acid leaches were carried out with a combination of 25% acetic acid and a reducing agent. Leachable trace metal concentrations were determined at the University of Alaska Fairbanks by inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (Thermo Element-2) using external calibration curves. The aerosol trace metal fractional solubility was calculated as a percent of the total bulk aerosol data from the same cruise (https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/675632). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/709276NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1234417, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145436

シベリア側北極海の沿岸-陸棚-海盆域に及ぶ生物地球化学過程の変化

北極海の中でもシベリア側北極海は、地球温暖化に伴う海底永久凍土の融解や海岸浸食、そして海氷激減が引き金となり生物地球化学的な変化が最もダイナミックに起きている海域である。海底永久凍土の融解は温暖化ガスであるメタンを大気中に放出させ (Shakhova et al., 2010a, b)、さらなる温暖化を招く恐れがある。海岸浸食は炭素・栄養塩・微量金属・粒子態及び溶存態有機物等を北極海に供給し (e.g., Semiletov et al., 2011, 2012, 2013)、CO2の大気への放出や基礎生産、微生物生産の増減を左右する可能性がある。また、海氷減少は水塊構造や海洋循環の変化を伴い栄養塩分布を変化させ (Nishino et al., 2011, 2013)、その結果、基礎生産や生物ポンプにも影響すると考えられる。しかし、この海域はロシアEEZ内、或いはそれに近接しているため、利用できるデータが非常に限られており、生物地球化学的な変化の定量的な評価はもちろん、基本的な物質循環像さえ、ほとんど分かっていない。 　本研究では、ロシアEEZ海域を含むシベリア側北極海の船舶観測を中心として、氷上キャンプやセジメントトラップ・係留系による観測、さらに衛星データや数値モデルを駆使して、シベリア側北極海で起きているダイナミックな生物地球化学的変化を把握するとともに、それが環北極海域、そして全球の生態系・気候システムに与える影響について評価する。発表資料, 北極環境研究コンソーシアム (JCAR) 長期計画ワークショッ

Chemical management in fungicide sensivity of Mycosphaerella fijiensis collected from banana fields in México

The chemical management of the black leaf streak disease in banana caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Morelet) requires numerous applications of fungicides per year. However this has led to fungicide resistance in the field. The present study evaluated the activities of six fungicides against the mycelial growth by determination of EC50 values of strains collected from fields with different fungicide management programs: Rustic management (RM) without applications and Intensive management (IM) more than 25 fungicide application/year. Results showed a decreased sensitivity to all fungicides in isolates collected from IM. Means of EC50 values in mg L-1 for RM and IM were: 13.25 ± 18.24 and 51.58 ± 46.14 for azoxystrobin, 81.40 ± 56.50 and 1.8575 ± 2.11 for carbendazim, 1.225 ± 0.945 and 10.01 ± 8.55 for propiconazole, 220 ± 67.66 vs. 368 ± 62.76 for vinclozolin, 9.862 ± 3.24 and 54.5 ± 21.08 for fludioxonil, 49.2125 ± 34.11 and 112.25 ± 51.20 for mancozeb. A molecular analysis for β-tubulin revealed a mutation at codon 198 in these strains having an EC50 greater than 10 mg L-1 for carbendazim. Our data indicate a consistency between fungicide resistance and intensive chemical management in banana fields, however indicative values for resistance were also found in strains collected from rustic fields, suggesting that proximity among fields may be causing a fungus interchange, where rustic fields are breeding grounds for development of resistant strains. Urgent actions are required in order to avoid fungicide resistance in Mexican populations of M. fijiensis due to fungicide management practices

Methods for the sampling and analysis of marine aerosols: results from the 2008 GEOTRACES aerosol intercalibration experiment

Atmospheric deposition of trace elements and isotopes (TEI) is an important source of trace metals to the open ocean, impacting TEI budgets and distributions, stimulating oceanic primary productivity, and influencing biological community structure and function. Thus, accurate sampling of aerosol TEIs is a vital component of ongoing GEOTRACES cruises, and standardized aerosol TEI sampling and analysis procedures allow the comparison of data from different sites and investigators. Here, we report the results of an aerosol analysis intercalibration study by seventeen laboratories for select GEOTRACES-relevant aerosol species (Al, Fe, Ti, V, Zn, Pb, Hg, NO3-, and SO42-) for samples collected in September 2008. The collection equipment and filter substrates are appropriate for the GEOTRACES program, as evidenced by low blanks and detection limits relative to analyte concentrations. Analysis of bulk aerosol sample replicates were in better agreement when the processing protocol was constrained (+/- 9% RSD or better on replicate analyses by a single lab, n = 7) than when it was not (generally 20% RSD or worse among laboratories using different methodologies), suggesting that the observed variability was mainly due to methodological differences rather than sample heterogeneity. Much greater variability was observed for fractional solubility of aerosol trace elements and major anions, due to differing extraction methods. Accuracy is difficult to establish without an SRM representative of aerosols, and we are developing an SRM for this purpose. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for the GEOTRACES program to and macro-nutrients to the open ocean (Okin et al. 2011) and is a key component of the international GEOTRACES program (GEOTRACES Planning Group 2006). A priority of the GEOTRACES program is to quantify both major and trace elements (e. g., Al, Fe, Ti, V, Zn, Pb, and Hg) and species such as nitrate and sulfate in marine aerosols. Therefore, marine aerosol samples collected during GEOTRACES cruises must follow sampling protocols that permit the collection and analysis of as many elements and compounds as possible, while meeting the constraints associated with basin-wide oceanographic cruises (e. g., space limitations, high-frequency sampling, etc.)

Acetic acid leachable trace metals from bulk aerosol samples collected during the US GEOTRACES EPZT section cruise (R/V Thomas G. Thompson TN303) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific from October to December 2013

Dataset: GP16 Acetic Acid Leachable Trace Metals from AerosolsAtmospheric input is important to the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in the ocean. The fraction of aerosol trace metals that can potentially dissolve after deposition is of interest for improving knowledge of aerosol/surface ocean interactions. This dataset provides acetic acid leachable trace metal values from bulk aerosol from the Equatorial Pacific along the US GEOTRACES EPTZ transect (TN303) from Peru to Tahiti. This region is characterized as one of the lowest atmospheric deposition regimes in the ocean. Bulk aerosols were collected from the boundary layer (~15 m above sea level) using a high-volume aerosol sampler drawing approximately 1.2 cubic meters of air per minute over Whatman 41 ash-less filter discs. Despite low aerosol loadings, triplicate agreement for most samples was good for Al, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, and Cu. Away from the coast, Cd and Pb values in most samples were close to, or below detection limit. Acetic acid leaches were carried out with a combination of 25% acetic acid and a reducing agent. Leachable trace metal concentrations were determined at the University of Alaska Fairbanks by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Thermo Element-2) using external calibration curves. The aerosol trace metal fractional solubility was calculated as a percent of the total bulk aerosol data from the same cruise (https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/675632). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/709276NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1234417, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145436

Total particulate trace element concentrations from bulk aerosol samples collected during the US GEOTRACES EPZT section cruise (R/V Thomas G. Thompson TN303) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific from October to December 2013

Dataset: GP16 Total Particulate AerosolsAtmospheric input is important to the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in the ocean. This dataset provides total particulate trace metal values from bulk aerosols over the Equatorial Pacific along the US GEOTRACES EPTZ transect (TN303) from Peru to Tahiti. This region is characterized as one of the lowest atmospheric deposition regimes in the ocean. Bulk aerosols were collected from the boundary layer (~15 m above sea level) using a high-volume aerosol sampler drawing approximately 1.2 cubic meters of air per minute over Whatman 41 ash-less filter discs. Despite low aerosol loadings, triplicate agreement for most samples was good for Al, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, and Cu. Away from the coast, Cd and Pb values in most samples were close to, or below detection limit. Total digestions were carried out with a combination of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, heat, and pressure. Total particulate trace metal concentrations were determined at the University of Alaska Fairbanks by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Thermo Element-2) using external calibration curves. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/675632NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1234417, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145436