Coordinated Regulation by AgrA, SarA, and SarR To Control agr Expression in Staphylococcus aureus

The agr locus of Staphylococcus aureus is composed of two divergent transcripts (RNAII and RNAIII) driven by the P2 and P3 promoters. The P2-P3 intergenic region comprises the SarA/SarR binding sites and the four AgrA boxes to which AgrA binds. We reported here the role of AgrA, SarA, and SarR on agr P2 and P3 transcription. Using real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and promoter fusion studies with selected single, double, triple, and complemented mutants, we showed that AgrA is indispensable to agr P2 and P3 transcription, whereas SarA activates and SarR represses P2 transcription. In vitro runoff transcription assays revealed that AgrA alone promoted transcription from the agr P2 promoter, with SarA enhancing it and SarR inhibiting agr P2 transcription in the presence of AgrA or with SarA and AgrA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis disclosed that SarR binds more avidly to the agr promoter than SarA and displaces SarA from the agr promoter. Additionally, SarA and AgrA bend the agr P2 promoter, whereas SarR does not. Collectively, these data indicated that AgrA activates agr P2 and P3 promoters while SarA activates the P2 promoter, presumably via bending of promoter DNA to bring together AgrA dimers to facilitate engagement of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to initiate transcription

DELI – AGRA – JAIPUR

Tendo em conta que os patrimónios construídos se destacam como manifestações culturais ao longo da história, efetua-se um levantamento dos monumentos pertencentes ao Património Mundial e outros com carácter relevante para a sociedade indiana no circuito turístico mais popular da Índia, entre Deli, Agra e Jaipur, conhecido como “triangulo dourado”. 1. Túmulo de Humayun – localidade: Deli; ano de classificação: 1993; critérios: ii e iv.2. Parque Arqueológico de Mehrauli: o Complexo de Qutb – localidade: Deli; ano de classificação: 1993; critérios: iv. 3. Agra Fort – localidade: Agra; ano de classificação: 1983; critérios: iv. 4. Complexo do Taj Maha l – localidade: Agra; ano de classificação: 1983; critérios: i. 5. Fatehpur Sikri – localidade: próximo de Agra; ano de classificação: 1986; critérios: ii, iii e iv. Outros monumentos relevantes: a) Mesquita Jami Masjid em Deli. b) Memorial Rajghat em Deli. c) Hawa Mahal ou Palácio dos Ventos em Jaipur. d) Palácio da Cidade de Jaipur. e) Fort Amber ou Palácio Amer em Amber

PERANCANGAN DESAIN INTERFACE APLIKASI SMARTPHONE UNTUK MENU DI AGRA ROOFTOP DENGAN TEORI NIRMANA

AGRA Rooftop merupakan salah satu lounge tertinggi di Jawa Tengah. Jam operasional di AGRA Rooftop antara pukul 17.00 – 00.00. Kesulitan yang dialami oleh konsumen AGRA Rooftop adalah membaca menu yang ada pada waktu malam karena pencahayaan yang ada di AGRA Rooftop didesain untuk menikmati sunset atau pemandangan kota Solo pada waktu malam.  Perancangan interface menu yang baru diharapkan dapat membantu konsumen untuk membaca dan mengerti menu yang ada serta dapat membantu promosi yang dimiliki kedalam smartphone . Metode penelitian dan strategi perancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah prototype dan cyclic strategy. Perancangan interface sudah diujikan dan didapatkan hasil bahwa interface yang ada sudah cukup menarik dan membantu konsumen dalam memilih dan memahami menu yang ada

Structure of the Staphylococcus aureus AgrA LytTR Domain Bound to DNA Reveals a Beta Fold with an Unusual Mode of Binding

SummaryThe LytTR domain is a DNA-binding motif found within the AlgR/AgrA/LytR family of transcription factors that regulate virulence factor and toxin gene expression in pathogenic bacteria. This previously uncharacterized domain lacks sequence similarity with proteins of known structure. The crystal structure of the DNA-binding domain of Staphylococcus aureus AgrA complexed with a DNA pentadecamer duplex has been determined at 1.6 Å resolution. The structure establishes a 10-stranded β fold for the LytTR domain and reveals its mode of interaction with DNA. Residues within loop regions of AgrA contact two successive major grooves and the intervening minor groove on one face of the oligonucleotide duplex, inducing a substantial bend in the DNA. Loss of DNA binding upon substitution of key interacting residues in AgrA supports the observed binding mode. This mode of protein-DNA interaction provides a potential target for future antimicrobial drug design

Golden geese or white elephants? The paradoxes of world heritage sites and community-based tourism development in Agra, India

This study examines the relationship between World Heritage Sites (WHSs) and local community development in Agra, India. We investigate two interrelated themes: the role of planning in developing the tourism potential of the Taj Mahal and other WHSs in Agra, and the impact of the WHS framework on the development of the city. We analyze the weaknesses of the institutions and agencies responsible for Agra's inability to convert the development potential created by its three WHSs into significant economic, community and infrastructure improvements. The Agra case reveals a set of developmental paradoxes, whereby the restructuring of the tourist industry induced by the designation of WHSs does not lead to proportionate advances in local community development. Several factors were found to be systemic problems, but some recent schemes are worth supporting and expanding. The paradoxes and potential of economic, tourism, and community development in Agra echo those of other developing localities which host WHSs around the world. Following an assessment of problems and challenges, a set of recommendations is directed toward the development of pro-poor, community-based heritage tourism with the aim of informing integrated planning for the community and for heritage and tourism resources in the future

Simple free-surface detection in two and three-dimensional SPH solver

A simple free-surface particle detection method for two and three-dimensional SPH simulation has been implemented. The method uses sphere representation for the SPH particle. The fluid domain is covered by overlapping spheres. A sphere whose surface is not fully covered considered as boundary. To test particle boundary status, we used a sum of normalized relative position vectors from neighbouring particles to the test particle. By checking the existence of un- covered sphere surface by this vector sum, boundary status of the test particle can be determined. This boundary detection method can be easily embedded in the SPH solver algorithm.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, Selected Paper from the International Symposium on Computational Science 201

Spectro-astrometry of V1515 Cyg

FU Orionis objects are a class of young stars with important bursts in luminosity and which show evidence of accretion and ejection activity. It is generally accepted that they are surrounded by a Keplerian circumstellar disk and an infalling envelope. The outburst would occurs because of a sudden increase in the accretion rate. We aim at studying the regions closer to the central star in order to observe the signs of the accretion/ejection activity. We present optical observations of the Halpha line using the Integral Field Spectrograph OASIS, at the William Herschel Telescope, combined with Adaptive Optics. Since this technique gives the spectral information for both spatial directions, we carried out a two-dimensional spectro-astrometric study of the signal. We measured a clear spectro-astrometric signal in the North-South direction. The cross-correlation between the spectra showed a spatial distribution in velocity suggestive of scattering by a disk surrounding the star. This would be one of the few spatial inferences of a disk observed in a FU Orionis object. However, in order to fully understand the observed structure, higher angular and spectral resolution observations are required. V1515 Cyg appears now as an important object to be observed with a new generation of instruments to increase our knowledge about the disk and outflows structure in FU Orionis objects