Functional tests assessing manual skills in children with cerebral palsy

Background The aim of the study is to analyze and identify available functional tests assessing manual skills in children with cerebral palsy, as well as to describe and evaluate usefulness of the available tests in terms of qualitative and quantitative assessment of hand function. Materials and methods A review of all available functional scales assessing manual functions in children with cerebral palsy was conducted. Searches were made in the following electronic databases: Medline, PubMed and Cochrane Library. The analysis included all the researched scales related to the upper limb function and cerebral palsy. Results The content, methodology and application of 11 functional tests were compared. All available published research studies presented the reliability and validity of the assessment tools. Conclusions Scales used to assess manual functions in children with CP are to systemize child's abilities to complement the diagnosis, detect existing dysfunctions and to determine prognostic significance

The stabilizing system of the spine

The spatial orientation of the lumbar part of spine determines the position of central axis of the human skeleton, which in turn is closely related to the position of the pelvis. In a biomechanical aspect, the pelvis should be connected with the lumbar spine but also with the hip joints (  lumbo-pelvic-hip complex – LPH) . This area is intended to provide the body with the stability needed to carry the load with simultaneous  maintaining the mobility required to perform  locomotive functions. Stabilization means the maintenance of balance in both static and dynamic conditions, where the complex moves along a specific track. In the last decades of 20th and early 21st century there was a discussion whether stabilization of the LPH complex was more about the activation of deep muscles (local) or combination of deep and superficial muscles contraction (global). It is now known that both global and local muscles play an important role in stabilization. The stabilizing  system of the spine , which was introduced by Panjabi in 1992, works on the cooperation of those three systems: neural, which is the control system; muscular-fascial, which is the active system; osteoarticular - ligamentous, which creates a passive system. Hoffman and Gabel [22] proposed a new, extended theoretical model in which the new mobility system is placed beside the existing stability system and subsystems. Harmonious work of stability and mobility systems determines the quality of movement, but the malfunction of these systems affects other subsystems and thereby the quality of movement. The authors of this theoretical model suggest that both rehabilitation and mobility systems should be involved in rehabilitation exercises, with the movement being at a possible level but without pain and discomfort. LPH stabilization exercises are used in physiotherapeutic procedures in patients with pain and traumas, with stress urinary incontinence and in pregnant women

Physiotherapeutic treatment in patients with heel spurs

The heel spur is a disorder resulting from biomechanical abnormalities of the foot. The problem affects people of different ages and arises as a result of repeated micro-injuries within the flexor digitorum brevis. The main reason for treating patients is pain. There are many conservative methods of treatment of heel spurs and related complaints resulting from inflammation of the plantar foot aponeurosis. The most effective include: kinesitherapy, physiotherapy, manual therapy and dynamic slicing. Available research indicate the effectiveness of the therapy with the use of: stretching exercises, ultrasounds, low and high-energy laser therapy, shockwave, vibroacoustics, relaxation of myofascial trigger points and therapeutic tapering

Potrzeba reedukacji chodu po udarze niedokrwiennym mózgu = Need re-educating gait after ischemic brain

Strojek Katarzyna, Janczak Łukasz, Radzimińska Agnieszka, Kaźmierczak Urszula, Piekorz Zuzanna, Strączyńska Agnieszka, Zukow Walery. Potrzeba reedukacji chodu po udarze niedokrwiennym mózgu = Need re-educating gait after ischemic brain. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(10):79-89. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160238http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3929    The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.09.2016. Revised 24.09.2016. Accepted: 12.10.2016.   Potrzeba reedukacji chodu po udarze niedokrwiennym mózguNeed re-educating gait after ischemic brain  Katarzyna Strojek¹, Łukasz Janczak¹, Agnieszka Radzimińska¹, Urszula Kaźmierczak¹, Zuzanna Piekorz¹, Agnieszka Strączyńska¹, Walery Zukow21. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Katedra Fizjoterapii, Bydgoszcz, Polska  2. Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz, Polska Słowa kluczowe: reedukacja chodu, udar niedokrwienny mózguKeywords: gait re-education, ischemic stroke     Streszczenie Celem pracy jest zwrócenie uwagi na celowość reedukacji  chodu u pacjentów po przebytym udarze mózgu. W pracy zostały przedstawione odchylenia  od normy w poszczególnych pod fazach cyklu chodu oraz zaprezentowane  najważniejsze  metody reedukacji chodu. Udar mózgu stanowi jedną z najczęstszych chorób neurologicznych i powoduje wiele zaburzeń związanych z fizjologicznym chodem. Chód pacjentów po przebytym udarze mózgu objawia się brakiem symetrii podczas poszczególnych faz cyklu chodu, nierównym obciążeniem kończyn oraz  zaburzoną  długością kroku. Reedukacji chodu ma na celu przywrócenie fizjologicznych wzorców chodu, zbudowanie prawidłowego napięcia mięśniowego w kończynie niedowładnej, poprawę równowagi oraz przywrócenie funkcji samodzielnego i bezpiecznego poruszania się.   Abstract The aim of the work is to draw attention to the desirability of re-educating gait in patients after stroke of the brain. At work were presented to the deviation in each subphases power cycle and presented the most important method of re-educating gait. Stroke is one of the most common neurological diseases and causes many physiological disorders related to your vehicle. Gait of patients after stroke of the brain revealed by the lack of symmetry while the individual phases of the gait cycle, the uneven load of limbs and impaired the length of the step. Gait re-education is designed to restore the physiological gait patterns, to build proper muscle tone in the affected paretic limb, improving balance and restore the functions of independent and safe move

Maternal hypothyroidism in the perinatal period and child development

Thyroid hormones are essential growth and development regulators in both foetal and neonatal period. They are involved in metabolic processes, in maturation of nerve and skeletal tissue and many other fluid tissues. Abnormalities in their function during foetal development may have an impact on disorders in pregnancy, or increase susceptibility to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children later in life. There are many observational and epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between maternal thyroid dysfunction and a child development, yet a discussion on the subject is ongoing and robust evidence for its existence is still lacking

Przezskórna elektrostymulacja nerwów (TENS) w leczeniu zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego = Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of low back pain

Weber-Rajek Magdalena, Kowalska Monika, Radzimińska Agnieszka, Strączyńska Agnieszka, Zukow Walery. Przezskórna elektrostymulacja nerwów (TENS) w leczeniu zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego = Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of low back pain. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(3):11-20. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47232 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3415 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/718828 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.01.2016. Revised 12.02.2016. Accepted: 27.02.2016. Przezskórna elektrostymulacja nerwów (TENS) w leczeniu zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of low back pain Magdalena Weber-Rajek1, Monika Kowalska2, Agnieszka Radzimińska1, Agnieszka Strączyńska1, Walery Zukow3 Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy Katedra Fizjoterapii, Bydgoszcz, Polska / Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Physiotherapy, Bydgoszcz, Poland Bydgoska Szkoła Wyższa, Bydgoszcz, Polska / University of Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Bydgoszcz, Polska / Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland Streszczenie Wstęp Bóle kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego są poważnym problemem medycznym i społecznym. Fizjoterapia jest nieodzownym elementem leczenia zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa. Metodą, która zdobywa coraz większe uznanie wśród fizjoterapeutów, a także wśród pacjentów jest stymulacja TENS (transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation). Cel badań Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena skuteczności terapii TENS w terapii zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego. Materiał i Metody Badania przeprowadzono w grupie czterdziestu pacjentów w wieku 30 - 60 lat (średnia wieku 45 lat). Bezpośrednio przed oraz po zakończeniu terapii u wszystkich pacjentów wykonano: ocenę dolegliwości bólowych przy użyciu skali VAS, ocenę natężenia i częstotliwości bólu, ilości stosowanych leków przeciwbólowych, ograniczenia aktywności ruchowej przy użyciu kwestionariusza Laitinena, test Schobera oceniający zakres zgięcia kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego. Analizę statystyczną przeprowadzono wykorzystując pakiet PQStat wersja 1.4.8. Normalność rozkładu zmiennych sprawdzano testem Shapiro-Wilka. W celu porównania wyników otrzymanych w testach przed terapią z wynikami otrzymanymi po terapii przeprowadzono test Wilcoxona na poziomie istotności α = 0,05. Wyniki Uzyskano istotne statystycznie zmniejszenie intensywności i częstotliwości bólu, zmniejszenie ilości stosowanych leków przeciwbólowych, zmniejszenie ograniczenia aktywności ruchowej oraz zwiększenie zakresu zgięcia kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego. Wnioski Stymulacja TENS jest skutecznym zabiegiem w leczeniu zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego. Słowa kluczowe: przezskórna stymulacja nerwów (TENS), zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego. Summary Introduction Low back pain is a serious medical and social problem. Physiotherapy is the indispensable component of treatment of back pains. A method that is gaining more recognition among physiotherapists, as well as among patients is the transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Aim of the study The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TENS in the treatment of low back pain. Material and Methods Study included of forty patients aged 30 - 60 years (mean age 45 years). Immediately before and after therapy in all patients: assessment of pain using the VAS assessment of pain intensity and frequency, amount of applied analgesics, limiting physical activity using a questionnaire Laitinen, Schober test assessing the scope bending lumbosacral spine. Statistical analysis was performed using version 1.4.8 PQStat package. In order to compare the results obtained in the test prior to treatment with the results obtained after treatment was Wilcoxon test at the significance level α = 0.05. Results Achieved a statistically significant reduction in the intensity and frequency of pain, reduction of applied analgesics, reduced physical activity limitations and increasing the range of flexion of low back pain. Conclusion TENS is an effective treatment for both acute and chronic low back pain Key words: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, low back pain

Etiologia i patomechanizm uszkodzenia ścięgna Achillesa = The etiology and patomechanizm damage to the Achilles tendon

Strojek Katarzyna, Piekorz Zuzanna, Kaźmierczak Urszula, Strączyńska Agnieszka, Zukow Walery. Etiologia i patomechanizm uszkodzenia ścięgna Achillesa = The etiology and patomechanizm damage to the Achilles tendon. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):147-160. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.164687 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3976 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/755729       The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.10.2016. Revised 30.10.2016. Accepted: 03.11.2016.       Etiologia i patomechanizm uszkodzenia ścięgna Achillesa The etiology and patomechanizm damage to the Achilles tendon   Katarzyna Strojek¹, Zuzanna Piekorz¹, Urszula Kaźmierczak¹, Agnieszka Strączyńska¹, Walery Zukow2   1. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Katedra Fizjoterapii, Bydgoszcz, Polska 2. Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz, Polska     Słowa kluczowe: ścięgno Achillesa. Keywords: Achilles tendon.     Streszczenie             Uszkodzenie  ścięgna Achillesa stanowi bardzo  poważny problem kliniczny, ponieważ  uniemożliwia pacjentowi prawidłowe funkcjonowanie, a tym samym przyczynia się do  ograniczenia jakości życia. W światowej literaturze  zagadnienia związane z leczeniem oraz usprawnianiem pacjentów po  przerwaniu  ścięgna Achillesa pojawiają  się bardzo często. W dzisiejszych czasach nastąpił znaczny wzrost zainteresowania uprawianiem sportu, zwłaszcza w warunkach rekreacyjnych, niestety jest to również związane z różnorodnymi oraz częstszymi  urazami w obrębie narządu ruchu. Jednym z nich jest  uszkodzenie ścięgna Achillesa, uznawane obecnie za chorobę cywilizacyjną.   Summary Damage to the Achilles tendon is a serious clinical problem, because it prevents the proper functioning of the patient, and thus contributes to reducing the quality of life. In the world literature issues associated with treatment and improve patients after cessation of the Achilles tendon appear very often. In modern times there has been a significant increase in the interest in having the sport, especially in terms of recreation, unfortunately it is also associated with various and frequent injuries within the musculoskeletal system. One of them is the damage to the Achilles tendon, now considered the civilization disease