Does body mass index affect anti-mullerian hormone levels in girls and adolescents?

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is a dimeric glycoprotein which belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. In women, it is produced by granulosa cells in pre-antral and small antral follicles. In recent years, there has been a continuous increase in obesity among children and adolescents. There are few studies that present AMH concentrations in premenarcheal and early postmenarcheal girls. The purpose of this work is to assess whether AMH levels were associated with body mass index (BMI) in adolescent girls before and after menarche. The study was performed at the Pediatric Endocrinology Department and Outpatient Clinic at Upper Silesian Child Health Center. 82 girls were enrolled to the study. Body mass index seems not to affect the AMH levels in adolescents, however a special attention must be given when interpreting AMH levels in girls with irregular menstrual cycles and observed for PCOS

Magnesium as a potential complementary treatment for ADHD - a review of recent literature

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental mental disorder affecting an estimated 7.2% of children and adolescents, and 2.5% of adults. It manifests primarily through inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Multimodal treatment approaches are recommended, addressing the psychological, behavioral, vocational, and educational needs of patients and their families. Conventional therapies include pharmacologic interventions (e.g., psychostimulants) and non-pharmacologic strategies (e.g., psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy). The ongoing search for novel treatment options focuses on improving cognitive function, psychological well-being, and ADHD symptomatology. Nutritional interventions with vitamins and minerals are emerging as potential complementary or adjunctive therapies.   This review summarizes recent literature (past 5 years) on the relationship between magnesium and ADHD, encompassing observational studies, interventional trials, and meta-analyses.  Evidence from recent publications suggests that children with ADHD have reduced magnesium levels and that magnesium supplementation improves symptoms. However, these studies do not definitively establish the exact cause-and-effect relationship between magnesium and ADHD. Current data are insufficient to recommend magnesium for routine ADHD treatment. High-quality, large-scale, and long-term studies are necessary to definitively understand the magnesium-ADHD link and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct therapy. These studies should define optimal doses, forms, and duration of supplementation for safe and effective clinical use.&nbsp

Pain assessment tools: A literature review

Pain is a major factor expressed by hospital patients and is the main reason they seek medical help. Evidence suggests that children experiencing pain often do not receive optimal pain assessment and relief. This article refers to a literature review discussing tools and management strategies for assessing children's pain. It concludes that implementing an educational program for medical professionals could enhance their awareness of best practices in pain assessment and management guidelines

47-Year-Old Man with Quadriplegia Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the Cervical Spine: A Case Report

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) typically affect young, healthy males, with the cervical spine being the most frequently injured area. These injuries are devastating and have a lifelong impact on a person's health and well-being. While uncommon, SCIs can occur during sports participation, as seen in this case study. This case examines a 47-year-old male skier who sustained a skiing accident and presented with quadriplegia upon arrival at the trauma centre. It highlights the critical role of readily available diagnostic imaging and efficient teamwork within trauma centres in managing such complex injuries

Dynamics of below-the-knee arterial blood flow after endovascular revascularization of peripheral arteries as a potential predictor of clinical outcomes during a one-year follow-up period

Background: Patients with advanced lower limb ischaemia are, at present, mainly treated using revascularisation. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the dynamics of blood flow in below-the-knee (BTK) arteries assessed by angiography correlate with clinical outcomes after a 12-month follow-up in patients with severe leg ischaemia treated per­cutaneously. Methods: The current study enrolled 287 consecutive patients who underwent 302 endovascular procedures on the infrain­guinal arteries. The mean age of the included participants was 67.4 ± 10.4 years. After the procedure, blood flow in all patent BTK arteries was assessed using frame count (FC). Patients were then evaluated after one, three, six, and 12 months. During the follow-up visits, clinical condition was evaluated based on the Rutherford scale, ankle-brachial index, and the need for reintervention or amputation. Results: Clinical improvement at the end of the follow-up period was observed in 242 (80.1%) cases and no improvement or worsening in was seen in 42 (13.0%) patients. In total, 66 (21.8%) reinterventions and 18 (6%) amputations during the follow-up period were recorded. Patients with higher FC in the tibial anterior artery experienced significantly better clinical improvement within the 12-month follow-up period (p = 0.02). Lower FC predisposed to worse clinical outcomes after an­gioplasty. Similar tendencies were found for the tibial posterior and fibular arteries but without statistical significance. Conclusions: The results suggest a negative relationship between FC observed on the final angiogram and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular treatment of the peripheral arteries

Antidepressant-like activity and safety profile evaluation of 1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione derivatives as 5-HT1A receptor partial agonists

Current antidepressant therapy has several disadvantages related to the properties of antidepressants. Considering their unfavourable features, the process of searching for new antidepressant drugs with better safety and tolerability requires consistent efforts and many complementary studies. Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor is considered as an interesting target of antidepressant therapy. In the present study, the intrinsic activity at different signaling pathways coupled to serotonin 5-HT1A receptor, antidepressant-like and pharmacokinetic properties, and the safety profile of two novel imidazopurine-2,4-dione derivatives, namely compounds AZ-853 (8-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H- imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione) and AZ-861 (1,3-dimethyl-8-(4-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione), were studied in animal models through in vitro and in vivo experiments. We demonstrated that AZ-853 and AZ-861, which structurally differ by one substituent and its placement in the phenyl ring, showed varied functional, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic properties as well as side effect profiles. AZ-861 exhibited stronger agonistic action in all functional assays. After acute and repeated administration in mice, both compounds showed antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test, which was partially mediated by 5-HT1A receptor activation. AZ-853 showed a more potent antidepressant-like effect, presumably due to its better penetration into brain structures. Both compounds did not show anticholinergic properties, but after repeated administration, they induced weak sedation and lipid metabolism disturbances without affecting serum glucose level. The stronger α1-adrenolytic effect of AZ-853 is responsible for decreased systolic blood pressure, and in contrast to AZ-861, AZ-853 induced weight gain in mice. The interesting comparative pharmacological profiles of AZ-853 and AZ-861 encourage to conduct further experiments to fully understand their mechanisms and differences in action

Impact of N-alkylamino substituents on serotonin receptor (5-HTR) affinity and phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibition of isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives

In this study, a series of compounds derived from 4-methoxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, potential ligands of phosphodiesterase 10A and serotonin receptors, were investigated as potential antipsychotics. A library of 4-methoxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione derivatives with various amine moieties was synthesized and examined for their phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A)-inhibiting properties and their 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor affinities. Based on in vitro studies, the most potent compound, 18 (2-[4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)butyl]-4-methoxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione), was selected and its safety in vitro was evaluated. In order to explain the binding mode of compound 18 in the active site of the PDE10A enzyme and describe the molecular interactions responsible for its inhibition, computer-aided docking studies were performed. The potential antipsychotic properties of compound 18 in a behavioral model of schizophrenia were also investigated

Doświadczanie stresu przez osoby z otyłością - badania własne

WSTĘP. Stres może być czynnikiem wywołującym potrzebę jedzenia, a jedzenie ze względu na swoją dostępność jest prostym sposobem zmniejszenia napięcia. Celem badań jest analiza doświadczania stresu przez osoby z otyłością. MATERIAŁ I METODY. Badaniem objęto 117 pacjentów leczonych z powodu otyłości (śr. wieku: 50 lat, śr. BMI = 34,5) oraz 107 osób w grupie kontrolnej. Badani wypełniali Kwestionariusz Oceny Stresu analizujący sytuacyjną i dyspozycyjną ocenę stresu. WYNIKI. W grupie badanej sytuacja leczenia (sytuacyjna ocena stresu) jest postrzegana jako bardziej zagrażająca (12,2 vs. 6,7; p < 0,000) i krzywdząca (5,9 vs. 3,3; p < 0,000), stanowiąca większe wyzwanie do aktywności (9,5 vs. 7,6; p < 0,000), lecz z małymi szansami na zmianę (4,0 vs. 8,2; p < 0,000) w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Podobnie, w zakresie oceniania różnych trudnych sytuacji, osoby otyłe bardziej postrzegają je jako zagrażające (11,9 vs. 7,2; p < 0,000), krzywdzące (6,3 vs. 4,6; p < 0,000) i mniej optymistyczne (4,4 vs. 6,1; p < 0,000) niż grupa kontrolna. WNIOSKI. W doświadczaniu sytuacji stresu osoby otyłe są bardzo obciążone psychicznie, a jedzenie może być formą zmniejszenia napięcia. Dlatego programy leczenia otyłości powinny mieć charakter kompleksowej terapii, uwzględniającej kształtowanie umiejętności efektywnego radzenia sobie ze stresem