PRESERVING AND MAINTAINING NATIVE TONGUE THROUGH CULTURAL EXPOSURE

Looking at children in using foreign languages is amazed older people as they can speak those languages fluently. Nowdays, the number of Indonesian children who can produce foreign languages in terms of spoken and written forms of communication is without any doubt surprising. It becomes a trend for parents who are willing to pay at higher costs to send their children to Bilingual and International schools. From this perspective we agree upon the condition that the government has suceeded in pursuing the use of International language in our country. On the other hand, we are losing our own native tongue or vernaculars as schools only allocate those languages as muatan lokal. The government should consider this condition because if they only think of one side, it is possibly endangered the existence of the vernaculars. Fact shows that the number of indigenous languages in Indonesia is dicreasing as there are no more native speakers of the language. Sooner or later indigenous languages will be extinct and we will loose the culture. Language is a part of culture if we lose the language it also means that some parts of culture are gone. History will prove that somehow those extinct vernaculars are existed before they are gone. Therefore, we need to do real action to preserve and maintain our native tongue from becoming extinct by giving more cultural exposure for children at younger age

Optimal stopping time and halting set for total variation distance

An aperiodic and irreducible Markov chain on a finite state space converges to its stationary distribution. When convergence to equilibrium is measured by total variation distance, there exists an optimal coupling and a maximal coupling time. In this article, the maximal coupling time is compared to the hitting time of a specific state or set. Such sets, named halting sets, are studied in the case of symmetric birth-and-death chains and in some other examples. Some applications to the cutoff phenomenon are given. These results yield new methods to calculate cutoff times for some monotone birth-and death chains without the lazy hypothesis

The integrated theory of emotional behavior follows a radically goal-directed approach

status: publishe

Iklan, Bahasa Jawa Banten, Pemertahanan Budaya, Identitas Budaya

Talking about recent curriculum needs broaden views as the new curriculum actually involves multicultural and character traits. Thematic based activities will determine the depth and the width of subjects employed in those activities. The need of adopting cultural values into curriculum made some scholars interested to adopt Indonesian culture which is very broad, into subjects taught at school. One example of cultural values is local wisdom. The importance of involving local wisdom into English curriculum may give another point of view in ELT. The non native teachers do not have difficulty in teaching Indonesian students because they are born with their own culture with which they grew up surrounding it. They can learn and take the good deeds derived from their local values therefore they can use their own experience in their teaching practice. Even English is the first foreign language in Indonesia but if the teachers are creative and do not attempted to trap into the idea that English language threatened Indonesian language, they can teach their students English language without losing their own identity. Frankly speaking, English has its own culture but if the teachers realized that what they teach is a matter of English language, we should not be afraid of losing our own identity as Indonesian student. Therefore, the importance of applying multicultural English curriculum accommodating local wisdom at schools will help the government to preserve and maintain local wisdom

Dissipation at Two-Loop Level: Undressing the Chiral Condensate

A simple and consistent real time analysis of the long-wavelength chiral condensate fields in the background of hard thermal modes is presented in the framework of the linear sigma model. Effective evolution equations are derived for the inhomogeneous condensate fields coupled to a heat bath. Multiple effects of the thermal background on the disoriented chiral condensate are studied using linear response theory. We determine the temperature dependence of the equilibrium condensate, and examine the modification of the sigma and pion dispersion relations as these mesons traverse a hot medium. We calculate the widths by determining the dissipative coefficients at nonzero temperature at one- and two-loop order with resummed meson masses. Our results show that not only decay processes, but elastic scattering processes are significant at high temperatures, yielding to short relaxation times in the phase transition region. The relaxation times obtained are shorter than in previous estimates, making the observation of DCC signals questionable. Throughout this work Goldstone's Theorem is fulfilled when chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken.Comment: 32 pages, 9 ps figure