Building public health capacity in Madhya Pradesh through academic partnership

Engaging in partnerships is a strategic means of achieving objectives common to each partner. The Post Graduate Diploma in Public Health Management (PGDPHM) partners in consultation with the government and aims to strengthen the public health managerial capacity. This case study examines the PGDPHM program conducted jointly by the Public Health Foundation of India and the Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP) at the State Institute of Health Management and Communication, Gwalior, which is the apex training and research institute of the state government for health professionals. This is an example of collaborative partnership between an academic institution and the Department of Public Health and Family Welfare, GoMP. PGDPHM is a 1-year, fully residential course with a strong component of field-based project work, and aims to bridge the gap in public health managerial capacity of the health system through training of health professionals. The program is uniquely designed in the context of the National Rural Health Mission and uses a multidisciplinary approach with a focus on inter-professional education. The curriculum is competency driven and health systems connected and the pedagogy uses a problem-solving approach with multidisciplinary faculty from different programs and practice backgrounds that bring rich field experience to the classroom. This case study presents the successful example of the interface between academia and the health system and of common goals achieved through this partnership for building capacity of health professionals in the state of Madhya Pradesh over the past 3 years

Fitting the Elementary Rate Constants of the P-gp Transporter Network in the hMDR1-MDCK Confluent Cell Monolayer Using a Particle Swarm Algorithm

P-glycoprotein, a human multidrug resistance transporter, has been extensively studied due to its importance to human health and disease. In order to understand transport kinetics via P-gp, confluent cell monolayers overexpressing P-gp are widely used. The purpose of this study is to obtain the mass action elementary rate constants for P-gp's transport and to functionally characterize members of P-gp's network, i.e., other transporters that transport P-gp substrates in hMDR1-MDCKII confluent cell monolayers and are essential to the net substrate flux. Transport of a range of concentrations of amprenavir, loperamide, quinidine and digoxin across the confluent monolayer of cells was measured in both directions, apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical. We developed a global optimization algorithm using the Particle Swarm method that can simultaneously fit all datasets to yield accurate and exhaustive fits of these elementary rate constants. The statistical sensitivity of the fitted values was determined by using 24 identical replicate fits, yielding simple averages and standard deviations for all of the kinetic parameters, including the efflux active P-gp surface density. Digoxin required additional basolateral and apical transporters, while loperamide required just a basolateral tranporter. The data were better fit by assuming bidirectional transporters, rather than active importers, suggesting that they are not MRP or active OATP transporters. The P-gp efflux rate constants for quinidine and digoxin were about 3-fold smaller than reported ATP hydrolysis rate constants from P-gp proteoliposomes. This suggests a roughly 3∶1 stoichiometry between ATP hydrolysis and P-gp transport for these two drugs. The fitted values of the elementary rate constants for these P-gp substrates support the hypotheses that the selective pressures on P-gp are to maintain a broad substrate range and to keep xenobiotics out of the cytosol, but not out of the apical membrane

Evaluation du potentiel ethnobotanique des populations rurales au Sud et au centre du Bénin

Les ressources végétales constituant pour les ruraux, d’importantes sources de soins médicaux et d’aliments, sont mal gérées du fait de la forte emprise humaine. Cette étude diagnostique, évalue les connaissances ethnobotaniques des populations rurales au Bénin, en vue d’analyser le niveau de conservation par rapport aux anciennes collections des années 1935 et 1940 effectuées par Laffite. La méthode de collecte de données est faite d’enquêtes ethnobotaniques et de relevés floristiques. Au total, 232 espèces utiles ont été collectées dont 25,86% recensées par Laffite. Parmi elles, 96% sont notamment utilisées en médecine traditionnelle, 20% en spiritualité, 13% dans l’alimentation et 3% en technologie. Certaines espèces mentionnées par Laffite ont disparu (Milletia thonningii, Premna hispida, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Spilanthes uliginosa, Caesalpinia bonduc, Tephrosia vogelii et Cissampelos mucronata) des terroirs, tandis que d’autres sont vulnérables en déclin (Afraegle paniculata, Antiaris toxicaria, Carissa edulis, Commiphora africana, Crateva adansonii, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, Securidaca longipedunculata, Leptadenia hastata et Tylophora camerunica). L’urbanisation, l’agriculture itinérante, les changements climatiques et l’introduction d’espèces exotiques sont autant de facteurs expliquant cette vulnérabilité. La prise de mesure de protection, l’installation de jardins de case et l’adoption d’approche de gestion durable de cette phytodiversité sont urgentes.Keywords: Ethnobotanique, Laffite, phytodiversité, vulnérabilité, conservation, Béni

A dairy fat matrix providing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is better than a vegetable fat mixture to increase brain DHA accretion in young rats

International audienceAchieving an appropriate DHA status in the neonatal brain is an important goal of neonatal nutrition. We evaluated how alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), provided for six weeks after weaning by different dietary fat matrix, improved brain DHA content of young male rats born from deficient-dams. The level of ALA achieved was based on the fat composition of usual infant vegetable formula. A palm oil-blend diet thus providing 1.5%ALA was compared to dairy fat-blend-based diets that provided either 1.5%ALA or 2.3%ALA, or a rapeseed oil diet providing 8.3%ALA (n - 6/n - 3 ratio were, respectively 10,10,5,2.5). The 1.5%ALA-dairy-fat-blend was superior to 1.5%ALA-palm-oil-blend to restore values of brain DHA, while the 2.3%ALA-dairy-fat-blend exhibited a further increase and reached the values obtained with pure rapeseed diet (8.3%ALA). Dairy-fat-blends enriched with ALA appear to be an interesting strategy for achieving optimal DHA levels in the brain of post-weaning rats. Providing dairy fat as well as a reduction of the LA/ALA ratio should be reconsidered to design infant formula. Published by Elsevier Ltd