Incidence des dates de plantation sur l'infestation du manioc par les cochenilles et la mosaïque africaine en culture associée (manioc-maïs)

La cochenille (#Phenoccocus manihotis$) et la mosaïque africaine du manioc (MAM) sont des agents biotiques pouvant réduire considérablement le rendement du manioc en culture pure. Le comportement du manioc vis-à-vis de ces agents biotiques est très mal connu. On sait seulement que certains facteurs comme les techniques culturales peuvent être utilisées avec facilité et succès pour limiter les dégâts occasionnés par les agents biotiques. Nous avons recherché les meilleures dates de plantation du manioc en association avec le maïs qui pourraient réduire le risque d'attaque parasitaire. Il apparaît que le manioc semé 20 jours après le maïs est moins attaqué par les cochenilles et la mosaïque africaine. (Résumé d'auteur

The influence of entrepreneurial and market orientations on small scale agricultural enterprises in the Vryburg region

Thesis (D. Tech. (Business Administration )) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013.A major concern for developing countries including South Africa is the high levels of unemployment, poverty and inequity. Developing countries have accordingly been pre-occupied with finding solutions to these problems. Drawing on the success of small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) from the developed countries such as the US and the UK, developing nations have embraced the idea of promoting development through SMMEs. But the overall performance of the small business sector in most developing countries has rather been dismal and as such have not been able to contribute optimally to the development agenda. Adopting a strategic management perspective, this study hypothesised that an integration of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientations (MO) glued together by innovativeness (INNO) would yield superior outcomes than the stand-alone effects of these strategic postures. To test the hypothesis, a sample of 198 small scale agricultural enterprises (SSAEs) in the Vryburg region was surveyed. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed on the data generated. The empirical findings showed that EO + MO + INNO interactively exhibited positive and significant correlation with the performance (sales growth and profitability) of SSAEs in the Vryburg region. However, the inter-correlations of EO + MO + INNO with business performance were practically moderate. The moderate correlations create opportunities for strengthening the entrepreneurial and market orientations and innovativeness of SSAES and in fact small businesses in general. An intensive and co-ordinated intervention of government and NGOs in transforming the small business sector into the real engine of growth of the economy is imperative. The study also attempted to predict firm performance holding EO + EO + INNO as predictor variables. Multi linear regression and multinomial logistic regression analysis however did not yield significant predictions of performance of SSAEs. This outcome provides a launch pad for further research into the proposed model in different settings because this study was mainly exploratory and executed in a rural and agricultural environments. Notwithstanding, the study made important contributions to the literature. It showed that it was possible to integrate EO + MO + INNO (previously viewed by many authors as exclusive constructs) into a single business model for the synergic enhancement of small business performance. It is hoped this would stimulate economic growth and development especially in developing countries

Market Orientation and Performance of Small Businesses in South Africa

 The study focused on identifying the relationship between market orientation and performance of small businesses in Vryburg region of South Africa. It aimed to achieve the following objectives, (1) To determine the level of market orientation among small businesses in Vryburg region of South Africa, (2) To establish if there is any relationship between market orientation and performance of small businesses in Vryburg region of South Africa. The study was exploratory in nature and utilised the quantitative research method with a descriptive research design. 268 questionnaires were distributed to small businesses owners/managers in the Vryburg region of South Africa. 207 questionnaires were returned, 9 questionnaires out of the 207 returned were incorrectly filled. Simple random sampling, a probability sampling technique was used in the study. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. The Cronbach’s Alpha co-efficient was used to measure reliability.  The findings revealed that the majority of small businesses in Vryburg region of South Africa are market oriented. The findings further show that there is a positive relationship between market orientation and the performance of small business in the Vrburg region of South Africa. The study proposed the formalisation of small businesses, the development of strategic cultures as well as entrepreneurship and business management training for small business owners and managers

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small Business in Vryburg Region North West Province South Africa

Small businesses play a significant role in job creation, economic growth and development, innovation, competitiveness and poverty alleviation that eventually improve business performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) (innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness and autonomy) and performance of small business in Vryburg area North West Province South Africa(SA). This quantitative study utilised questionnaire for data collection in a survey. The population were small business owners/managers in North West Province South Africa. Simple random sampling method was utilised to obtain participants for the study. The study utilised descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that only three attributes (innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness) influence business performance while no association was found between autonomy and business performance. Additionally, positive relationship exists between the overall EO and the performance of small business. Empirically, the study contributes to the literature on EO and advance recommendations to improve the EO of small business in South Africa. The study recommends that policy makers, owners and managers of small business strategize on enterprise development and better business performance of small business in Vryburg area North West Province South Africa

Car parking management system

Capstone Project submitted to the Department of Engineering, Ashesi University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Engineering, May 2020Finding a vacant parking spot is important to individuals to save time which can be spent on other things. The increase in the number of cars in the country has led to a difficulty in locating vacant parking spots and the increase in importance of car parking lot and structure management. To make it easier for drivers to locate vacant parking spots within structures or parking lots, some of the most common technologies were explored and applied to come up with a solution to this growing problem. This project provides a solution to this problem using sensors for car detection and displaying the status of the parking slots to the driver.Ashesi Universit

L’information en périodes de conflits ou de crises : des médias de masse aux médias sociaux numériques

Les médias de masse ont toujours joué un rôle important pendant les périodes de conflits ou de crises dans le monde, car le contrôle de l’information pendant ces périodes devient un enjeu crucial. Cependant, l’émergence des médias sociaux numériques a fait perdre aux médias de masse et aux journalistes leur pouvoir de contrôle de l’information transmise au public et des débats dans l’espace public. Cette contribution de nature théorique, s’intéresse aux mutations que l’on a pu observer dans la circulation de l’information en périodes de conflits ou de crises à l’heure des médias sociaux numériques et leur impact sur les acteurs (autorités politiques, militaires et populations).The mass media have always played an important role during periods of conflict or crisis in the world because the control of information during these periods becomes a crucial issue. However, the emergence of digital social media has caused mass media and journalists to lose control over the information they convey to the public and debates in public space. This theoretical contribution focuses on the changes observed in the circulation of information in times of conflict or crisis in the context of digital social media and their impact on the actors (political authorities, Military and people).Los medios de comunicación han jugado siempre un papel importante en tiempos de conflicto o crisis en el mundo para el control de la información en estos tiempos es crucial. Sin embargo, la aparición de las redes sociales digitales para bajar de medios de comunicación y periodistas su poder de control de la información proporcionada al público y el debate en el espacio público. Esta contribución de carácter teórico, se centra en los cambios que podrían ser observadas en el flujo de la información en tiempos de conflicto o crisis en la era de los medios sociales digitales y su impacto en los actores (políticos, militar y personas)

Real-Time Helmet Violation Detection Using YOLOv5 and Ensemble Learning

The proper enforcement of motorcycle helmet regulations is crucial for ensuring the safety of motorbike passengers and riders, as roadway cyclists and passengers are not likely to abide by these regulations if no proper enforcement systems are instituted. This paper presents the development and evaluation of a real-time YOLOv5 Deep Learning (DL) model for detecting riders and passengers on motorbikes, identifying whether the detected person is wearing a helmet. We trained the model on 100 videos recorded at 10 fps, each for 20 seconds. Our study demonstrated the applicability of DL models to accurately detect helmet regulation violators even in challenging lighting and weather conditions. We employed several data augmentation techniques in the study to ensure the training data is diverse enough to help build a robust model. The proposed model was tested on 100 test videos and produced an mAP score of 0.5267, ranking 11th on the AI City Track 5 public leaderboard. The use of deep learning techniques for image classification tasks, such as identifying helmet-wearing riders, has enormous potential for improving road safety. The study shows the potential of deep learning models for application in smart cities and enforcing traffic regulations and can be deployed in real-time for city-wide monitoring

Introduction

La dernière décennie, comme les précédentes, a été marquée par une importante couverture médiatique de nombreux conflits et crises dans le monde. Outre l’éternelle crise israélo- palestinienne, les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, les guerres en Afghanistan, en République démocratique du Congo, en Irak et au Soudan, la situation en Colombie, le printemps arabe, les attentats terroristes au Liban, au Mali, au Nigéria ou en Tunisie, et récemment en Belgique, en France, en Grande-Bretagne et en I..