A Comprehensive Review of the GNSS with IoT Applications and Their Use Cases with Special Emphasis on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with Internet of Things (IoT) applications and their use cases with special emphasis on Machine learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models. Various factors like the availability of a huge amount of GNSS data due to the increasing number of interconnected devices having low-cost data storage and low-power processing technologies - which is majorly due to the evolution of IoT - have accelerated the use of machine learning and deep learning based algorithms in the GNSS community. IoT and GNSS technology can track almost any item possible. Smart cities are being developed with the use of GNSS and IoT. This survey paper primarily reviews several machine learning and deep learning algorithms and solutions applied to various GNSS use cases that are especially helpful in providing accurate and seamless navigation solutions in urban areas. Multipath, signal outages with less satellite visibility, and lost communication links are major challenges that hinder the navigation process in crowded areas like cities and dense forests. The advantages and disadvantages of using machine learning techniques are also highlighted along with their potential applications with GNSS and IoT

Impact of Social Media on Spiritual Tourism in India: An SEM analysis of the critical factors impacting on decision making

Over the last two decades, an exponential rise has been observed in the growth of spiritual tourism where travellers are preferring and visiting places of religious inclination seeking to align their body and mind. In the current fast paced life where stress, anxiety, insecurities and depression have become common place, travelling to certain places that provide connection with the almighty or peace to the traveller has become very important. Spiritual tourism in India has always been very highly valued and is active as an industry in a country known as the land of temples and gods. Many globally popular destinations exist in India that attract both domestic and international travellers alike. Destinations like Puri Jagannath, Kedarnath, Amarnath Yatra, Rishikesh, Varanasi, and Haridwar have developed their image and branding power over the years for the peace and meditating impact they have on their tourists. This trend has also been enhanced by the overall image of India as a country for religious and spiritual tourism where lakhs of international tourist come for relaxation and peace. The transformation of social media platforms has had an important and significant impact on the destination branding of spiritual locations and the final decision making of travellers. As travellers are active on social media platforms in sharing their stories of travel, sharing posts and videos, highlighting their travel, they are sharing their experiences with a large community. Thus, social media impacts on decision making for spiritual destinations needs to be studied in depth to understand the underlying factors that impact the final decision. For the purpose of this paper, various variables are analysed through the SEM framework to determine their interdependency and how they influence the final decision of the tourist. The study is important for academics in tourism as it discusses the most relevant examples and key factors. The study is also meaningful to practitioners of tourism who can ensure that the correct social media marketing can be undertaken for attracting tourists to spiritual destinations

Commercialisation Of Surrogacy And Women’s Right To Health

Artificial Human Reproductive Technologies facilitated the infertile couple's dream of parenthood. Surrogacy is one such ART where a woman bears a child for the couple to produce children for the couples. Some consider surrogacy as the ray of hope, some recognize it as dehumanising women.. Over time, surrogacy is considered as business, this article discusses how surrogacy has been commercialised over the recent times, exploitation of women, ethical issues concerning surrogacy, Right to health of a surrogate mother and the need to regularise the legislation on surrogacy, thereby protecting most importantly the interest of the children. Keywords: surrogacy, commercialisation, exploitation, surrogate mother, commissioning parents, interest of the child

ABERRANT CELLULAR SIGNALING IN MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE: MECHANISM, CONSEQUENCES AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS

Objective: To review multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with respect to: 1) clinical and preclinical measurement systems; 2) Interventions/ Model system used 3) pathophysiology and 4) Various therapeutic implications. Methods: The Medline, Pubmed, Pubmed Central and Science Direct, conference proceedings, bibliographies of review articles were searched for relevant articles. Key index words were multiple organ failure, multiple system organ dysfunctions, sepsis, septic shock, shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Outcomes prospectively defined were death and physiological reversal of end organ failure. Results: Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS) is very colloquial cause for death in intensive care units. With early resuscitation, it was possible to save life otherwise it would have been hard to save one. It occurs due to the unconstrained systemic inflammation and varied etiologies. As of now, there is no therapy which can prevent or improve MODS with  dramatic favourable outcomes. Conclusion: Multiple organ dysfunctionmay serve as a useful way to check disease severity for improved quality of care and therapy. Shock patient streated by Anesthesiologists will take into consideration subsequent development of MODS in the critical care unit and may be required to provide anesthetic support to these patients. Keywords: Aberrant Cellular Signalling, Multiple Organ Failur

Productive Cross-Talk with the Microenvironment: A Critical Step in Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

Most ovarian cancer patients present with disseminated disease at the time of their diagnosis, which is one of the main reasons for their poor prognosis. Metastasis is a multi-step process and a clear understanding of the mechanism of regulation of these steps remains elusive. Productive reciprocal interactions between the metastasizing ovarian cancer cells and the microenvironment of the metastatic site or the tumor microenvironment play an important role in the successful establishment of metastasis. Much progress has been made in the recent past in our understanding of such interactions and the role of the cellular and acellular components of the microenvironment in establishing the metastatic tumors. This review will outline the role of the microenvironmental components of the ovarian cancer metastatic niche and their role in helping establish the metastatic tumors. Special emphasis will be given to the mesothelial cells, which are the first cells encountered by the cancer cells at the site of metastasis

Pregnancy Outcomes After Endometrioma Excision in Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: A Historical Cohort Study

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of endometrioma excision on pregnancy outcomes in women with advanced-stage endometriosis who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Design: This is a historical cohort study. Materials and Methods: We compared the pregnancy outcomes of 141 women undergoing IVF-ET. The study group consisted of 25 patients who had stage III/IV endometriosis and endometrioma excision (group 1). The control groups included 40 patients who had stage III/IV endometriosis, but no endometrioma and who underwent ovariolysis (group 2) and 76 patients with tubal factors infertility who underwent tubal surgery (group 3). After surgery up to two IVF-ET cycles in each group were analyzed. Results: Our study showed that the mean total dose of gonadotropin administered in IVF-ET cycle I was higher in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (p=0.03). Otherwise, there was no significant difference in the ovarian responses among the three groups. There was a statistically significant increase in clinical pregnancy rate per cycle in the endometrioma group (69.7%) versus the ovariolysis group (48.1%) and tubal factor group (48.0%). However, there was no significant difference in delivery rate per cycle among the three groups. There was a statistically significant higher miscarriage rate in the endometrioma group (39.1%) compared with the ovariolysis group (11.5%) and tubal factor group (14.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests that endometrioma excision surgery does not compromise the overall ovarian reserve or pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET. (J GYNECOL SURG 31:214)Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140100/1/gyn.2015.0013.pd

Signals from the Metastatic Niche Regulate Early and Advanced Ovarian Cancer Metastasis through miR-4454 Downregulation

Treatment of ovarian cancer is limited by extensive metastasis and yet it remains poorly understood. We have studied the critical step of metastatic colonization in the context of the productive interactions with the metastatic microenvironment with a goal of identifying key regulators. By combining miRNA expression analysis using an organotypic 3D culture model of early ovarian cancer metastasis with that of matched primary and metastatic tumors from 42 patients with ovarian cancer, we identified miR-4454 as a key regulator of both early colonization and advanced metastasis in patients with ovarian cancer. miR-4454 was downregulated in the metastasizing ovarian cancer cells through paracrine signals from microenvironmental fibroblasts, which promoted migration, invasion, proliferation, and clonogenic growth in ovarian cancer cells as well as their ability to penetrate through the outer layers of the omentum. Stable overexpression of miR-4454 decreased metastasis in ovarian cancer xenografts. Its mechanism of action was through the upregulation of its targets, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) and BCL2 associated athanogene 5 (BAG5), which activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, promoted mutant p53 gain of function by its stabilization, and inhibited apoptosis. Because microenvironment-induced downregulation of miR-4454 is essential for early and advanced metastasis, targeting it could be a promising therapeutic approach

Angiopreventive Efficacy of Pure Flavonolignans from Milk Thistle Extract against Prostate Cancer: Targeting VEGF-VEGFR Signaling

The role of neo-angiogenesis in prostate cancer (PCA) growth and metastasis is well established, but the development of effective and non-toxic pharmacological inhibitors of angiogenesis remains an unaccomplished goal. In this regard, targeting aberrant angiogenesis through non-toxic phytochemicals could be an attractive angiopreventive strategy against PCA. The rationale of the present study was to compare the anti-angiogenic potential of four pure diastereoisomeric flavonolignans, namely silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A and isosilybin B, which we established previously as biologically active constituents in Milk Thistle extract. Results showed that oral feeding of these flavonolignans (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) effectively inhibit the growth of advanced human PCA DU145 xenografts. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that these flavonolignans inhibit tumor angiogenesis biomarkers (CD31 and nestin) and signaling molecules regulating angiogenesis (VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, phospho-Akt and HIF-1α) without adversely affecting the vessel-count in normal tissues (liver, lung, and kidney) of tumor bearing mice. These flavonolignans also inhibited the microvessel sprouting from mouse dorsal aortas ex vivo, and the VEGF-induced cell proliferation, capillary-like tube formation and invasiveness of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Further studies in HUVEC showed that these diastereoisomers target cell cycle, apoptosis and VEGF-induced signaling cascade. Three dimensional growth assay as well as co-culture invasion and in vitro angiogenesis studies (with HUVEC and DU145 cells) suggested the differential effectiveness of the diastereoisomers toward PCA and endothelial cells. Overall, these studies elucidated the comparative anti-angiogenic efficacy of pure flavonolignans from Milk Thistle and suggest their usefulness in PCA angioprevention