Palm Based Mono-Diacylglyceride as an Emulsifier in Producing Chocolate with Cocoa Butter Substitute

Emulsifier used in the preparation of chocolate has the function to stabilize fat and water that can prevent the occurrence of blooming. Emulsifier generallyused in the preparation of chocolate is lecithin. However as an alternative monodiacylglycerol (MDAG) can be used. MDAG can be synthesized from vegetableoil such as palm oil and its fraction. This research was conducted to study the effect of palm MDAG and variation of its concentration on quality of chocolate. The palm MDAG used was palm kernel oil MDAG (MDAG PKO), palm oleinMDAG (MDAG POL), palm stearin MDAG (MDAG PS) at the concentration between 0.3 to 0.9%. Results of the study showed that chocolate which usedpalm MDAG did not cause blooming. Increase of MDAG concentration tended to increase fat content but the reverse result was observed in the case of lecithin.The melting point of chocolate tended to increase with increasing concentration of MDAG POL and MDAG PS but the reverse result was observed in lecithin,meanwhile for MDAG PKO similar result was observed. The protein content of chocolate tended to decrease with increasing MDAG concentration but thereverseresult was observed in lecithin. Viscosity of chocolate with lecithin, MDAG PKO and MDAG POL decreased in accordance with increasing concentration,meanwhile in MDAG PS at the concentration of 0.3% in the beginning viscosity decreasedbut later on increased with increasing concentration. The use of emulsifierat the concentration of 0.3–0.9% did not have significant effect on fat content, melting point of fat and protein content, but it had significant effect on viscosity.Results of organoleptic testing showed that the use of palm MDAG have not significant effect on texture, taste, and appearance of chocolate. Types and concentrations of palm MDAG which were highly accepted by the panelist there wereMDAG PS and MDAG PKO with concentration 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively

Know-how of primary eye care among Health Extension Workers (HEWs) in Southern Ethiopia

Background/ Aim: Frontline health personnel can play key role in preventing and controlling blindness if they have good understanding of primary eye care (PEC). This study determined knowledge, attitude and practice of PEC among health extension workers (HEWs) in southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional community based study was conducted between June and July 2007 in five randomly selected woredas of Gurage Zone. Quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire completed in a face-faceinterview with 111 HEWs. And this was supported with qualitative information from two focus group discussions. Result: HEWs (87%) had poor understanding of the functional definition of blindness. They identified cataract (85%), trachoma (96%) and trauma (64%) as causes of blindness. Although most (89%) correctly mentioned signs and symptoms of trachoma, but only 10% could describe its control strategy. Refractive error was wrongly perceived by most (77%) as only a near vision problem. Glaucoma was barely known but causes of childhood blindness were well identified.. Their main source of information for eye health care was pre-service training (50%) and refresher trainings by international organizations (46%). HEWs practiced mainly preventive aspects of PEC. Group discussions revealed that HEWs have good will to participate in PEC but barriers such as inadequate knowledge and lack of basic suppliesare limiting their contribution. Conclusion: Know-how of blinding eye disease among HEWs is too low to enable them contribute meaningfullytowards prevention of blindness. It is recommended that PEC be incorporated in their training curriculum

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasional terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Guru

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional, kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasional terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) guru. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAK Santo Yoseph Denpasar. Jumlah populasi yang diambil adalah sebanyak 60 orang guru dengan menggunakan metode sampel jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan kuisioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat dilihat bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional mempengaruhi OCB secara positif dan signifikan, kepuasan kerja mempengaruhi OCB secara positif dan signifikan dan komitmen organisaional mempengaruhi OCB secara positif dan signifikan. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa penerapan kepemimpinan transformasional, kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasional yang baik maka akan semakin tinggi tingkat peran OCB

The effect of non-financial performance on financial performance moderated by information disclosure

This research aimed to test the effect of non-financial performance on financial performance moderated by information disclosure. Balance scorecard was used to measure performance values in a comprehensive, coherent, measurable, and balanced. The research result showed that non-financial performance measures consisting of consumer, learning and growth perspectives affected financial performance, but internal business process did not affect financial performance. With cause-effect, learning and growth affect internal bussines process, and the internal business process affects customers Information openess does not has efffect of non-financial performance relationship towards financial performance. This research suggests that companies need to increase customer satisfaction and employee-based and strategic alignment growth to improve the company's financial performance

“Implementasi Peraturan Daerah (PERDA) Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pemenuhan Hak Penyandang Disabilitas di SLB-B Kabupaten Wonosobo”

The implementation of education for disabilities persons is carried out through special education and inclusion with specific curricula and learning processes and learning places, but the role of the Wonosobo regency government tackles this problem less than optimal. This study aims to describe how the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2015 on the Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Disabilities Persons in extraordinary school of Wonosobo Regency, and to identify the supporting and inhibiting aspects of the implementation of the Regional Regulation. The theory used is the implementation model of George Edward III, Mazmanian and Sabatier, Mazmanian and Sabatier, as well as Meter and Horn theory. The research studied using descriptive research approach. Data collection techniques used in the form of interviews, obervasi and documentation, with qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results show that in general the government, school and community institutions have the same perception toward the principle, purpose and purpose of the law. Protection of persons with disabilities has not fully covered all types of persons with disabilities. Supporting the success of this policy is the environmental aspect with the high level of community support, the policy implementation aspect with the similarity of interests between the government and the community, the support of resources, and the good compliance and responsiveness of the implementers, and the characteristic aspects of the implementing agency with positive responses to policies and commitments the high of the executor. While inhibiting the success of the policy is the communication aspect by the local government and the communication from the community where many people with disability are shut down, the information about the existence of disabled people, and the environmental stagnant in the form of socioeconomic condition of the society which is low. The recommendation of the researcher is the need for better socialization by the government, as well as the effort to establish for Public Extraordinary School of Wonosobo Regency, so that children with disability can be accommodated in special schools that are designated for children with disabilities

Implementasi Metode Forensik dengan Menggunakan Pitch, Formant, dan Spectrogram untuk Analisis Kemiripan Suara melalui Perekam Suara Telepon Genggam pada Lingkungan yang Bervariasi

Kejahatan digital saat ini makin lama makin marak. Perkiraan pada periode tahun 2008-2014, kejahatan digital meningkat >85%. Untuk itulah diperlukan penyidikan terhadap barang bukti yang ditemukan, berupa barang bukti digital, dengan melakukan forensika digital. Barang bukti yang saat ini dapat menguatkan persidangan adalah suara. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan forensik suara. Pada barang bukti suara, masalah dalam melakukan forensik adalah bagaimana menciptakan lingkungan senatural mungkin, kondisi pengambilan, dan hasil dari metode forensik yang digunakan. Bukti rekaman suara dapat menunjukkan identitas dari orang yang suaranya terekam pada barang bukti tersebut dengan cara melakukan pemeriksaan forensika audio untuk voice recognition dengan metode komparasi, yaitu membandingkan suara barang bukti (unknown samples) dengan suara yang direkam sebagai pembanding (known samples). Hasil yang didapatkan dari uji fornsik terhadap barang bukti suara, dengan menggunakan nilai pitch, formant, dan spectrogram, ternyata pelaku yang dimaksud memiliki ciri-ciri berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan usia diatas 50 tahun

Formulasi dan Pengolahan Margarin Menggunakan Fraksi Minyak Sawit pada Skala Industri Kecil Serta Aplikasinya dalam Pembuatan Bolu Gulung

Pengembangan produk bakery memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan konsumsi margarin. Selain itu, variasi formula margarin semakin diperlukan untuk pengembangan produk bakery yang beragam, dengan demikian produksi margarin cukup menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan pada skala industri kecil dan menengah (IKM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat margarin dengan menggunakan minyak sawit (refined bleached deodorized palm oil, RBDPO) dan minyak sawit merah (red palm oil, RPO) serta aplikasinya dalam pembuatan bolu gulung. RPO digunakan sebagai pewarna alami dan pro-vitamin A, sehingga tidak perlu lagi menambahkan pewarna dan vitamin pada margarin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 3 tahapan meliputi: 1) formulasi margarin dengan mencampurkan antara RBDPO dan RPO pada rasio 97,5:2,5 – 85:15 melalui pendekatan sifat fisika kimia margarin komersial meliputi komposisi asam lemak, bilangan iod, titik leleh dan kandungan lemak padat, 2) optimasi produksi margarin menggunakan formula terbaik dari kegiatan 1 pada reaktor texturing skala 50 kg/batch dengan memvariasikan suhu media pendingin (5±2, 12±2, 20±2 °C) dan waktu proses (0, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 menit). Produk dianalisis kadar air, warna, bentuk, tekstur dan stabilitasnya selama penyimpanan, dan 3) aplikasi margarin dalam pembuatan bolu gulung dan uji organoleptiknya. Hasil pengembangan formulasi margarin menggunakan RBDPO dan RPO diperoleh formula yang setara dengan margarin pembanding pada rasio 95:5. Kondisi optimum proses skala 50 kg/batch yang menghasilkan margarin dengan tekstur dan stabilitas terbaik diperoleh pada suhu pendingin 5±2 °C atau 12±2 °C selama 30 menit. Aplikasinya pada bolu gulung menunjukkan bahwa margarin ini relatif baik dengan pengembangan bolu lebih tinggi 0,2 cm dibandingkan margarin pembanding. Hasil uji organoleptik bolu gulung menggunakan margarin ini memberikan tingkat kesukaan terhadap rasa, tekstur dan kenampakan tidak berbeda nyata dengan margarin pembanding. Dengan demikian, margarin yang dibuat dari RBDPO dan RPO pada penelitian ini memiliki kualitas memadai dan setara dengan produk komersial