A Study on Irregular Migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia through the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea

Irregular migration is an issue of great concern for today’s world. There are various factors which are responsible for this conundrum. These are overpopulation, natural disaster, poverty, illiteracy, lack of employment opportunities, for a better life etc. Thus, irregular migration has been a livelihood strategy for the millions of people worldwide for the long time. Bangladesh is one of the top countries of the world in terms of sending labor migrants. Every year thousands of Bangladeshis are migrating overseas either legally or by illegal means for a better livelihood.  However, in the last couple of years, total remittance flow was not satisfactory because of the diplomatic tension between Bangladesh and major migrants receiving countries. In addition, the new migrations policies of the Middle-Eastern countries which is the main destination points for Bangladeshi migrants in terms of single regions also have shrunk the scope. As a result, the number of irregular migrations from Bangladesh to Malaysia has increased. This paper attempts to unveil the key causes of irregular migration through the risky Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea by analysing the field data. It will focus on the case studies of the trafficking victims and their family members with focusing on why they took this dangerous path of irregular migration. It also argues for an effective mechanism to monitor the whole process of irregular migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia on an urgent basis

Bitcoin and Future of Cryptocurrency

There are diverse variables that impact the future usage of bitcoin, from issues related to security to concerns pertaining to garnering acceptance from the market and customers. In this article, few predictive statements have been analysed regarding the future of bitcoin, such as (1) the growth of share of digital purchases, (2) customer acceptance for blockchain innovation in electronic settlements, payment and banking system, (3) the emergence of bitcoin and also various other cryptocurrencies as niche cash, and (4) the implications of bitcoin or some other cryptocurrency as a specific niche cash in nations with specifically weak currency, and (5) the possibilities of regulative dangers of bitcoin usage in these nations

Perception of Students and Teachers towards Semester System: A Study in Some Selected Degree Colleges of Nagaon town of Nagaon District of Assam

The present study was conducted on 133 undergraduate students and 44 teachers selected at random from four selected degree colleges affiliated to Gauhati University from Nagaon town of Nagaon district of Assam to find out their perception towards semester system. Self structured questionnaire revealing perception towards five dimensions of semester system- curriculum, syllabus coverage and regularity of classes, teachers and methods of teaching, evaluation and feedback, and availability of resources was administered. The collected data were analyzed through using frequency, percentage, mean and sd. The research result revealed that the perception of students towards internal assessment and overall evaluation is not quite satisfactory. Most of the respondents even don’t understand the evaluation in CGPA. The study further revealed lack of required resources particularly information resources in degree colleges to make semester system effective and successful. In this way, the findings of the present study yielded the necessity of developing strategies by all the stakeholders to arrange for minimum resources and facilities which have a direct bearing on students’ achievement. Keywords: Perception, Semester system, Curriculum, Teaching methods, Evaluation and feedback

Formulasi Sediaan Nanoemulgel Ekstrak Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Serta Uji Stabilitas Fisiknya

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) has potential antibacterial activity (P. acne), lipase inhibitors, and antioxidants which are indispensable for acne therapy. However, the poor stability of polyphenols in the extract can inhibit the activity of extract. To overcome bad physico chemist stability of extract hence done formulation of nanoemulgel preparation. In addition, nanoemulgel can also be used to penetrate membranes using nanoemulsions. The dosage formulations were performed sequentially from selection of best carrier; formula plan; selection of the optimal nanoemulsi formula that has best stability, T%, and droplet size; preparation of nanoemulgel; to physical and physical stability test. Sappan wood nanoemulgel has good physical properties, but has a deficiency in pH. The physical properties of the preparation are also influenced by the concentration of carbopol as the base of the gel, ie the greater the carbopol content in the sedian the greater viscosity and adhesion, while the smaller the scatter. This study did not produce good physical properties as well as its stability because the physical properties are only good in terms of droplite size, organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, dispersion, and stickiness; but has acidity that is not acceptable to the skin; and bad physical stability because it is only stable in storage but not in extreme temperatures

VALUE DIMENSIONS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL COURSES IN RELATION TO THEIR SEX AND PARENTAL OCCUPATION

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Financial Literacy as a Tool for Stimulating the Investment Behaviour of Rural Women: An Empirical Assessment

Clapping with two hands create the sounds. Similarly, investment and saving behaviour are considered as the most vital elements for economic growth of an individual. This paper is to evaluate the influence of financial awareness on saving and investment behaviour of rural females in India. Investment pattern serves as a link between savings and wants of the common people. Economic growth of any nation can be critically measured through capital accumulation and investment trends in financial markets. In the present study, the investment behaviour on effect of financial awareness of 335 rural women in Jalandhar district has been evaluated. The relationship of financial literacy and saving & investment behaviour is also evaluated in the context of five basic domains of financial behaviour, such as demographic variables, financial control, financial planning, financial product selection and financial literacy. Results of the study revealed that rural women are conscious about the availability of various investment avenues in the market, but their investment pattern is still followed by some factors like familiarity, safety and assured returns, etc. This study suggests policymakers to focus on financial awareness rather to focus only on financial literacy

Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis due to Thrombophilia

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common condition that is often under-diagnosed. Acquired or hereditary defects of coagulation or a combination of these defects may facilitate the development of DVT. Recurrent DVT, a positive family history or unusual presentation may warrant investigation for hereditary thrombophilia. Investigations are best when conducted at least one month after completion of a course of anticoagulant therapy. Most patients are managed with heparin in the acute stage overlapped by warfarin. The case presented here describes a 40-year old man undergoing three episodes of DVT. Investigations revealed protein C and protein S deficiency. Protein C, protein S and antithrombin deficiency either singly or in combination, are relatively common causes of hereditary thrombophilia. The case presented here serves as a reminder of the need to look into the underlying cause of venous thromboembolism

Influenza Vaccination After Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial.

BACKGROUND: Observational and small, randomized studies suggest that influenza vaccine may reduce future cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We conducted an investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind trial to compare inactivated influenza vaccine with saline placebo administered shortly after myocardial infarction (MI; 99.7% of patients) or high-risk stable coronary heart disease (0.3%). The primary end point was the composite of all-cause death, MI, or stent thrombosis at 12 months. A hierarchical testing strategy was used for the key secondary end points: all-cause death, cardiovascular death, MI, and stent thrombosis. RESULTS: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the data safety and monitoring board recommended to halt the trial before attaining the prespecified sample size. Between October 1, 2016, and March 1, 2020, 2571 participants were randomized at 30 centers across 8 countries. Participants assigned to influenza vaccine totaled 1290 and individuals assigned to placebo equaled 1281; of these, 2532 received the study treatment (1272 influenza vaccine and 1260 placebo) and were included in the modified intention to treat analysis. Over the 12-month follow-up, the primary outcome occurred in 67 participants (5.3%) assigned influenza vaccine and 91 participants (7.2%) assigned placebo (hazard ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.52-0.99]; P=0.040). Rates of all-cause death were 2.9% and 4.9% (hazard ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.89]; P=0.010), rates of cardiovascular death were 2.7% and 4.5%, (hazard ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.90]; P=0.014), and rates of MI were 2.0% and 2.4% (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.50-1.46]; P=0.57) in the influenza vaccine and placebo groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination early after an MI or in high-risk coronary heart disease resulted in a lower risk of a composite of all-cause death, MI, or stent thrombosis, and a lower risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular death, as well, at 12 months compared with placebo. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02831608

Doktrin Ekonomi Islam, Jilid 4 (ALMUD)

531 hl